Mart Stam

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Hellerhof settlement in Frankfurt by Mart Stam as of 1931
M. Stam: Row of houses in the Weißenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart, September 2001
One of the apartment blocks in the Hellerhofsiedlung in Frankfurt
The house was designed by Mart Stam in the Baba district of Prague in 1928
Mart Stam - A block of flats in Magnitogorsk, the balcony is made of old train material

Mart Stam , actually Martinus Adrianus Stam (born August 5, 1899 in Purmerend , Netherlands ; † February 23, 1986 in Goldach , Switzerland ), was a Dutch architect and designer .

Act

After Stam worked in architecture firms in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 1920s, he moved to Berlin in 1922. There he worked a. a. for Max Taut and Hans Poelzig . In 1923 he moved to Switzerland and worked there a. a. in Karl Moser's office . Worked with architect Hans Schmidt and El Lissitzky and founded the avant-garde magazine ABC together with them. In 1926 Stam invented and designed the first functional cantilever chair , first exhibited in 1927 in the Weißenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart. Stam's organizer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe had presented his ideas for a chair without back legs in advance. At first he was not interested in the light springiness of the steel structure, but in its light appearance, which was in contrast to the heavy upholstered furniture that was common up to that time. Mies van der Rohe took up Stam's idea, but found an aesthetically more developed version, which he presented in 1927 at the same time as Stam's design in the Weißenhofsiedlung. In addition to many other designers who dealt with the topic, Marcel Breuer made early contributions to the cantilever chair, which are still valid today, but are based in part on Stam's invention even more than Mies van der Rohe's solution. In 1928 Mart Stam moved to Frankfurt am Main, where he designed the Hellerhofsiedlung as a contribution to the typification of inexpensive living space. Also in Frankfurt he created the original Henry and Emma Budge retirement home with the architects Werner Max Moser and Ferdinand Kramer . In the winter semester of 1928/1929, Stam taught as a guest lecturer for urban planning at the Bauhaus Dessau . From 1930 to 1934, Stam was together with his wife Lotte Stam-Beese (1903–1988) a member of the “Brigade May” and involved in the planning for the Soviet cities of Magnitogorsk , Makijiwka and Orsk . In 1935 he returned to the Netherlands and in 1939 he became director of the Instituut voor Kunstnijverheidsonderwijs (Institute for Applied Arts Education ) in Amsterdam.

In 1948, Stam moved to the Soviet occupation zone together with his second wife Olga Stam-Heller . In Dresden he took over the directorship of the National Academy of craftsmanship and the acting head of the Academy of Fine Arts Dresden until both institutions early 1949 he directed the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts were merged. Stam managed the HfBK Dresden, which he founded, only until he moved to Berlin in 1950, where he became rector of the Berlin-Weißensee University of Applied Arts (KHB). During this time he worked with the product designer Marianne Brandt , who taught at both universities. In connection with the formalism discussion , he left the university at the end of 1952 and, as a result, the GDR. In 1955 he made in the Netherlands independently . As a pensioner he moved to Switzerland, where he lived from 1966 until his death in 1986. At this stage of his life he no longer maintained contact with most of his former colleagues and friends. He found his final resting place in the Enzenbühl cemetery in Zurich

Works

Publications

items

  • Collective design. In: ABC - Contributions to Building. First year, issue 1. Thalweil near Zurich 1924.
  • with El Lissitzky : The advertisement. In: ABC - Contributions to Building. First year, issue 2. Thalweil near Zurich 1924.
  • Modern building 1. In: ABC - Contributions to building. First year, issue 2. Thalweil near Zurich 1924.
  • Modern building 2. In: ABC - Contributions to building. First year, issue 3/4 (double issue). Thalweil near Zurich 1925.
  • Modern building 3. In: ABC - Contributions to building. First year, issue 3/4 (double issue). Thalweil near Zurich 1925.
  • with Hans Schmidt : The room. In: ABC - Contributions to Building. First year, issue 5. Thalweil near Zurich 1925.

literature

Honors

  • The Mart Stam Street in Frankfurt-Kalbach was named in April 2013 after it.
  • The Mart Stam Foundation in Berlin supports the work and students of the Berlin-Weißensee School of Art.
  • In 2017/18, the Marta Herford Museum dedicated a biographical exhibition to Mart Stam that also addressed his complex personality.

Web links

References

  1. ↑ Mart Stam. gta publishing house. ETH Zurich
  2. ↑ Simone Rümmele: Mart Stam . Verlag für Architektur, Artemis & Winkler, Zurich / Munich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8130-0 , p. 148-150 .
  3. ↑ Werner Möller, Otakar Máčel: A chair makes history . Prestel, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-7913-1192-1 , p. 10 f .
  4. ↑ Otakar Macel: Avant-garde design and the Law: Litigation over the cantilever chair . In: Journal of Design History . Vol. 3, No. 2-3 , 1990, pp. 125-141 .
  5. ↑ Mart Stam: Bauhaus100. Retrieved May 6, 2018 .
  6. ^ Alfred Hückler: German Design East and West, Weissensee and Ulm. In: International Design Conference in Aspen 1996: Gestalt: Vision of German Design.
  7. ↑ Funkční krása vilových domů dejvické Baby oslňuje Pražany již 80 let
  8. ↑ Official Journal for Frankfurt am Main , Volume 144, No. 17, City of Frankfurt am Main, Feb. 25, 2020.
  9. ^ Website of the Mart Stam Foundation
  10. ↑ Radical Modernist - The Mystery Mart Stam. Marta Herford, accessed on May 5, 2018 (de / en).
personal data
SURNAME Stam, Mart
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stam, Martinus Adrianus (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch architect and designer
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Purmerend , Netherlands
DATE OF DEATH February 23, 1986
Place of death Goldach , Switzerland