Peasant party
A political party as an organized representation of the peasant movement is called a peasant party . Depending on the regional tradition and political lines of conflict, peasant parties are more inclined to social reform, socialist or national populist demands. In the 1920s, peasant parties in Europe were both catalysts for the political integration of the rural population and for autocratic changes in individual states.
background
The parties of the so-called “Green International” ( Werner Conze ) had their roots in agrarian (semi) feudal societies. They not only stood for peasant day-to-day or particular interests , but their land reform objectives harbored social-revolutionary potential. In their rhetoric , they were often anti-modern, anti-urban, anti-Semitic and anti-intellectual, some of them still today. In this respect, farmer parties often influenced the culture of the respective societies in the sense of petty-bourgeois ideas and resentments.
Immediately after the Second World War , the peasant parties in the states occupied by the Soviet Union grew into large mass movements in some cases (see e.g. the Hungarian FKGP ). This is to be regarded as the population's response to the impending establishment of socialist regimes in the states occupied by the Soviet Union: The broad population now fully subscribed to the social demands of the rural population, but took a clear position against the communist parties.
After the collapse of the People's Republics in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, peasant parties tried to build on their old successes. In general, however, this did not succeed or only in exceptional cases. While in individual states movements and parties with populist rhetoric were able to tie in with parts of the old cleavage structures in a problematic manner, other groups in the farmer's political spectrum approached the Christian Democratic parties . A specialty is the development in Latvia : Here the Latvian “Farmers' Association” LZS and the Green Party LZP entered into a civil-ecological alliance (under the name ZZS ) and were very successful in elections.
List of peasant parties (current and historical)
Main article: List of peasant and agrarian parties and organizations
German-speaking countries
Germany
- Foundations in the German Empire
- Bavarian Farmers' Union (1893 to 1933)
- Federation of Farmers (BdL, 1893 to 1921), as an overall organization not a farmers' party in the true sense
- Founding in the Weimar Republic
- Schleswig-Holstein farmers and agricultural workers democracy (SHBLD; 1918 to 1924)
- Wuerttemberg farmers and wine growers' association (WBWB; 1919 to 1933)
- Landbund (Germany) , as an overall organization not a peasant party in the strict sense (1919 to 1921)
- Reichslandbund , arose from the merger of the Federation of Farmers and the Landbund (1921–1933)
- Thuringian Land Federation (1920 to 1933)
- Christian-National Peasants 'and Farmers' Party (CNBLP; 1928-1933) was the rightward DNVP close
- German Peasant Party (DBP; 1928 to 1933)
When the National Socialists were brought into line in 1933, all farmers' associations were absorbed into the so-called Reichsnährstand .
- Foundations in the GDR
- Democratic Peasant Party of Germany as a bloc party in the GDR (DBD; 1948 to 1990)
Austria
- Landbund (Austria) , also: German Peasant Party (in Austria)
Switzerland
- Farmers, Trade and Citizens' Party (BGB), forerunner of the Swiss People's Party (SVP)
Other states
Albania
- Partia Agrare Ambientaliste e Shqipërisë ("Agricultural and Environment Party of Albania")
- Partia e Gjelbër ("Green Party")
Bosnia Herzegovina
Bulgaria
- Bulgarian People's Union of Peasants BZNS (Bulgarian: Българският земеделски народен съюз (БЗНС), Balgarski Semedelski Naroden Sajus)
- Bulgarian People's Union of Farmers "Aleksandar Stamboliyski" BZNS "AS" (Bulgarian: Българският земеделски народен съюз "Александър Стамболийски" (БЗНС "Александър Стамболийски") Balgarski Semedelski Naroden Sajus " Aleksandar Stamboliyski ")
Denmark
Estonia
- Association of farmers , see also: Konstantin Päts
- Estonian People's Union (Estonian: Eestimaa Rahvaliit - ERL), formed as an amalgamation of three parties, including Eesti Maarahva Erakond (EME) (farmers' party) and Eesti Maaliit (EML) (rural party)
Finland
India
- Indian Peasant Party (Bharatiya Jan Kisan Party)
- Dalit Workers 'Peasants' Party (Dalit Mazdoor Kishan Party), Dalit = pariah
Indonesia
- Indonesian Peasant Party (KTPI), cf. also Henck AE Arron
Ireland
- Farmers 'Party or: Farmers' Union
Iceland
Kazakhstan
- Peasant Party (Kazakhstan) (Qazaqstan Agrarlyk Partiyasi)
Croatia / SHS state
Latvia
- Farmers' Association (LZS)
Lithuania
- Peasant Party (Lithuania) , Valstiečių ir Naujosios democijos partijų sąjunga (VNDS), cf. Lithuania
Netherlands
- Boerenpartij (BP)
- Plattelandersbond (PB)
Norway
Philippines
- Luzon Farmers Party Butil
Poland
- Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (PSL) moderate and EU-friendly
- Samoobrona national populist and EU skeptical
Romania
- Front of the Ploughman (Frontul Plugarilor)
- National Peasant Party
Russia
Serbia
- Peasant Party (Serbia) (Serbian: Сељачка Странка, Seljacka Stranka)
- National Peasant Party (Serbia) (Serbian: Народна Сељачка Странка, Narodna Seljačka Stranka)
Sweden
Taiwan ("Republic of China")
- Peasant Party (Taiwan) (pinyin: Nóngmíndǎng)
Ukraine
Hungary
United States
Belarus
- Farmer's Party (Belarus) (Belarusian: Агра́рная па́ртыя Белару́, Agrarnaya Partya Belarusi)
See also
literature
- Heinz Gollwitzer (Ed.): European peasant parties in the 20th century . Stuttgart 1977
- Toni Pierenkemper (Hrsg.): Agriculture and industrial development: on the economic importance of peasant liberation , agricultural reform and agricultural revolution . Stuttgart 1989
Web links
- historikertag2002.uni-halle.de
- to the state parliament members of peasant parties u. Ä. in the Weimar Republic ( Memento from February 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive )