Marienburg (Hildesheim)

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Marienburg
Marienburg

Marienburg

Alternative name (s): Castrum Mariae
Creation time : 1346 to 1349
Castle type : Niederungsburg, location
Conservation status: Received or received substantial parts
Place: Hildesheim- Marienburg
Geographical location 52 ° 6 '52 "  N , 9 ° 58' 56"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 6 '52 "  N , 9 ° 58' 56"  E
Marienburg (Lower Saxony)
Marienburg
Merian engraving of the Marienburg around 1654

The Hildesheimer Marienburg is a late medieval moated castle in the place named after her Marienburg, which belongs to the city of Hildesheim in the Lower Saxony district of Hildesheim . The castle is not far from the Innerste , in whose marshland it was originally built, and south of the Hildesheim district of Itzum near the state road L 491.

history

The Marienburg was built from 1346 to 1349 by Hildesheim Bishop Heinrich III. Built by Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1331–1363) as a stronghold against the rebellious citizens of his episcopal city.

During the Thirty Years War the castle was conquered in 1632, the upper floors of the east and south wings were destroyed. They were renewed in the half-timbered style in 1663. After the Thirty Years' War the castle lost its strategic importance and was only used for residential purposes. In 1806 it was converted into a state domain . To this day it is called the Marienburg domain .

Until 1946, Marienburg gave its name to the district of the same name , which then merged with the old district of Hildesheim to form the district of Hildesheim-Marienburg .

From 1945 to 1981, there was a large vegetable growing company on the estate, which mainly produced canned food. In addition, from 1949 to 1991 the MUKU ice cream, which is still well known in the district, was produced in an ice factory in the vaulted cellar of the castle - one reason why the site was often very busy in order to be able to purchase freshly produced ice cream in the factory.

On March 1, 1974, Marienburg was incorporated into the city of Hildesheim.

Since 1993, the Marienburg has been used by the University of Hildesheim as a teaching and research center for the Kulturcampus Domain Marienburg and since 2014 it has been home to all institutes in the field of cultural studies and aesthetic communication.

On September 16, 2005, the city of Hildesheim bought the Marienburg domain for 12.1 million euros.

In 2017, during the floods in the Harz and Harz foreland, the innermost part of the castle area flooded , causing damage amounting to millions. The river reached water levels that have not been recorded since 1946. Despite the unusability of numerous rooms, the university continued to operate on a provisional basis. The state of Lower Saxony made almost 6 million euros available to repair the damage and improve flood protection.

  • 2017 floods in the area of ​​the former moat

  • Flood in the area of ​​the moat and the surrounding wall

investment

Model of the domain area with castle

Marienburg Castle consists of three wings. To the north wing belongs to the well of the House, called, four-storey palace , the south wing of the castle keep and the former brewery. The east wing rises in between. The castle was always accessed from the west. During construction work towards the end of the 1960s, the remains of a gate tower and a wooden bridge were found.

The oldest buildings in the castle are the Palas and the 31 m high keep with its base area of ​​8.55 x 8.75 m. Since the 16th century the hall was no longer used for residential purposes, but only as a granary.

As with many other castles that were built at the same time as the Marienburg, the individual buildings were also built directly against the surrounding wall of the castle, so that a wall of each building merged with the surrounding wall. That saved construction time and materials. The outer wall of the south wing is therefore 2 m thick, but the wall facing the castle courtyard is only 1 m thick. The walls of the hall are up to 2.35 m thick. The enclosing wall of the castle was 10 m high and 2 m wide in the east and west, and a battlement ran along it .

The entire castle was surrounded by two moats with a wall in between. After 1945 the trenches were filled in, but they can still be recognized as shallow hollows in the east and south of the castle.

The castle, especially the keep and the high house , are relatively well preserved. The coach house and the stone barn, also known locally as the ox barn, were renovated. In 2008, measures began to make structural changes to the entire facility, which were completed by 2012. Parts of the former production and warehouse buildings were demolished and a new building for the theater institute was built next to the high house . A stable building was converted and practice booths integrated for the music institute.

tourism

The Marienburg domain is known as a sight in the southern Hildesheim region. Some of the inside can also be viewed regularly on guided tours. On the premises in the school museum you can take a look at a reconstructed, old classroom. Special exhibitions are also held there. There is a courtyard café in a new building on the site.

  • Marienburg 1363; stylized representation on the grave slab of Bishop Heinrich III.

  • Marienburg from the east, the innermost in the foreground

  • View from the southwest

  • View from the southeast

See also

literature

  • Henning Seifert: The Marienburg near Hildesheim , Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1996, in: Hildesheimer Heimatkalender 1996, pp. 87-91, ISSN  0340-8477
  • Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, pp. 69-72

Web links

Commons : Marienburg (Hildesheim)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 204 .
  2. ↑ Aerial photo of the flooded Marienburg on the Innerste near Hildesheim
  3. ↑ Fight against floods: disaster alarm and sandbags at ndr.de from July 28, 2017
  4. ^ Flood damage on the Marienburg domain culture campus in: Uni-intern. Issue 3, July 2017 of the University of Hildesheim
  5. ↑ Kulturcampus teaches in the provisional at ndr.de from November 12, 2017
  6. ↑ The cultural campus of the University of Hildesheim is being redeveloped at ndr.de on June 13, 2018
  7. ^ Castle, stable, theater. Culture campus in Hildesheim by agn Niederberghaus. baunetz.de , February 28, 2013
  8. ^ Domain Marienburg, Hildesheim Project description from agn - architekten , accessed on December 19, 2015