Diocese of Verden
The diocese of Verden was a Roman Catholic diocese in what is now Lower Saxony and small neighboring areas. It was founded around 850 in the city of Verden an der Aller and belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Mainz . The first bishop was probably Suitbert the Younger. Three early bishops, Spatto, Tancho and Harud, were also abbots in the Neustadt am Main monastery and in the Amorbach monastery .
Most of the bishops were chosen from among the monks of Corvey Abbey . The main church was the Verden Cathedral .
Cathedral chapter
Its members added the chapter independently. The capitulars included the provost , dean , scholaster , waiter , cantor and thesaurary as special officials . From the year 1275 the number of capitulars was fixed at 16, of which the five oldest had to have the ordination of priests, the five middle ones the deacon ordination and the five youngest the subdeacon ordination. The provost of St. Johannis in Lüneburg had a special status as the 16th member . Towards the end of the 15th century there were no fewer than 48 cathedral vicars , headed by the two episcopal vicars .
Of the eight archdeaconates , several were incorporated into the cathedral chapter.
development
At the end of the 10th century, the bishop received secular property in his diocesan area in Sturmigau , later the bishopric of Verden . Most of the rest of the diocesan area belonged to the Principality of Lüneburg , smaller parts to the Altmark (e.g. Arendsee ) and about 10% of the diocesan area to the ore monastery of Bremen (3rd mile of the Old Country and Buxtehude with the hinterland).
From 1558 onwards, Reformation influences increased. When the administrator Eberhard von Holle issued a church ordinance , the Reformation was initially completed in 1568.
The following six Lutheran bishops in Verden carried the title of prince-bishop . During the Thirty Years' War there was another brief interlude as a Roman Catholic diocese in Verden from 1630 to 1634 as a result of the controversial edict of restitution with Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg , before the area finally became Lutheran. With the Peace of Westphalia , the Diocese of Verden finally fell to the Swedish crown as an imperial fief.
The care of the Roman Catholic Christians in the area of the then no longer existing Catholic Diocese of Verden has since then been transferred to the Apostolic Vicariate of the North and from 1824 to the Diocese of Hildesheim . In 1894 the provost church of Sankt Josef was consecrated after a year of construction.
coat of arms
Blazon : "In silver a black pointed paw cross (so-called" nail cross ")."
The oldest image can be found on a seal from 1338.
Bishops and personalities
Over 50 Verden bishops can be found on the list of bishops of Verden . In addition to the Diocese of Verden, they often presided over other, mostly neighboring dioceses . There are also a number of canons and theologians associated with the Diocese of Verden.
- Johann von Münchhausen († 1572), Bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek , Canon in Verden.
- Johann Bornemacher († 1526), Lutheran preacher, burned as a heretic in the old-believing diocese of Verden under Archbishop Christoph .
- Eilard von der Hude (1541–1606), chronicler and poet, dean of the collegiate monastery St. Andreas .
- Johannes Arnoldi (1596–1631), Jesuit priest and Catholic martyr , was murdered in Visselhövede by perpetrators who remained unknown.
- Margarethe Sievers (1601–1617), convicted witch from Verden , one of 80 women and 9 men who were persecuted by the diocese and its successor state between 1517 and 1683 .
- Heinrich Rimphoff (1599–1655), pastor primarius , was at Verden Cathedral from 1638. Under the Danish administration from 1642 superintendent , under the Swedes in 1651 appointed consistorial councilor over the Duchy of Verden.
See also
literature
- Society for the history of the Diocese of Verden eV: Diocese of Verden, 770 to 1648 , Editions du Signe 2001, ISBN 2-7468-0384-4
- Bernd Kappelhoff , Thomas Vogtherr : immunity and sovereignty, contributions to the history of the Verden diocese , series of publications by the regional association of the former duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 2002, ISBN 3-931879-09-7
- Thomas Vogtherr: Chronicon episcoporum Verdensium, The Chronicle of the Verden Bishops , series of publications by the Landscape Association of the Former Duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 1997, ISBN 3-931879-03-8
- Arend Mindermann: Document book of the bishops and the cathedral chapter of Verden , Volume 1, From the beginnings to 1300, series of publications of the regional association of the former duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 2001, ISBN 3-931879-07-0
- Arend Mindermann: Document book of the bishops and the cathedral chapter of Verden , Volume 2, 1300-1380, series of publications of the landscape association of the former duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 2004, ISBN 3-931879-15-1
- Arend Mindermann: Document book of the bishops and the cathedral chapter of Verden , Volume 3, 1380–1426, series of publications of the regional association of the former duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 2012, ISBN 978-3-931879-52-5
Web links
- Monasteries and monasteries of the diocese in the Germania Sacra database .