Pomesania
Pomesanien ( Polish Pomezania ) is an old Prussian landscape east of Nogat and Vistula (between Elbing and Graudenz to the Drewenz ). The most important city in this region is Marienburg . The name comes from the Prussian * pa-median . It literally means "under forest" and describes a region with deep forests that are sometimes difficult to access. The size of the area designated by this name depends on whether it refers to Pomesania as a tribal area, as a diocese or as part of the Duchy of Prussia. As a landscape name, the designation held up into the 20th century, rather limited to the former tribal land or the formerly ducal-Prussian portion.
Pomesania tribal area
The Pomesans were one of the twelve Prussian (Prūsai) tribes. Pomesania was conquered from Kulm . From 1234 this Gau was subjugated by the Teutonic Order with the capture of Marienwerder . In 1234 the battle of Christburg followed, in 1248 the conquest of Christburg , in 1248 that of Prussian Holland and finally in 1250 the Marienburg. In 1236 the knights of the order destroyed the Pomesanenburg near Christburg. Under the rule of the order, the Pomesans - like the other Prussians - were assimilated by the German settlers.
Legend
According to legend, Pomeso, the eleventh son of King Widowuto , received the land between Weseke, Mokra (Ossa), Noyta (Nogat), Istula (Vistula) up to the borders of the Massau. It was then called "Pomesania". Pomeso did not have a castle, but preferred to pitch his tents where he was most comfortable. He had many children who, like himself, were gigantic and became kings. They built the fortresses at Risno (giant castle), Bolto, Weso and Nargoltons.
Diocese of Pomesania
Due to the rift between the order and the first bishop (since 1209) of Prussia, Christian von Oliva , the papal legate, Wilhelm von Modena , divided the order state into four bishoprics in 1243. Thus, in addition to the dioceses of Samland , Warmia and Kulmer Land , the diocese of Pomesanien came into being : in addition to the tribal area of Pomesania, it also included the area of Pogesanien (Hockerland) to the north . The seat of the bishop, whose secular territory covered about a third of the diocese, was Riesenburg , the seat of the cathedral chapter, which had been incorporated into the Teutonic Order since 1285 and ruled about a third of the episcopal territory, was the cathedral castle in Marienwerder .
In November 2014 it was re-established as the titular diocese of Pomesania and was first awarded on December 13 of the same year.
Peace of Thorn and Reformation
In the Second Peace of Thorn , the south of the Pomesanian core area was retained by the order, while Marienburg and Pogesanien as well as Warmia and Kulmerland came under the rule of the Polish kings. With the introduction of the Reformation in the religious state, the last Catholic bishop of Pomesania converted to Lutheranism in 1525, renounced secular rule and subordinated the Prussian areas of Pomesania to the newly created Duchy of Prussia . Georg von Polenz became the first Lutheran bishop of Pomesania in 1523 . In 1587 the diocese was drafted by the administrator in Prussia, Margrave Georg Friedrich, and the income went to the Albertus University in Königsberg and other state schools. The parts of the diocese that were subject to the Polish crown and remained Catholic fell to the Kulm diocese . In 1821 they came to the diocese of Warmia .
Personalities
literature
- Joseph Bender : Limitation, division and churches of the former diocese of Pomesania . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands , Volume 2, year 1861–1863, Mainz 1863, pp. 178–191 ( full text ).
- Hermann Cramer: History of the former diocese of Pomesanien. A contribution to the regional and church history of the Kingdom of Prussia . Marienwerder 1884.
- Hermann Cramer: Document book on the history of the former diocese of Pomesanien , 4 volumes. Marienwerder, 1885–1887.
- Georg Gerullis : The old Prussian place names. Berlin, Leipzig 1922, p. 130.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Gerullis: The old Prussian place names. Berlin, Leipzig 1922, p. 130.
- ^ Wilhelm Johann Albert von Tettau , Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme : Folk tales of East Prussia, Litthauens and West Prussia . Nicolai, Berlin 1837, pp. 8–12: How Widewuto divided the country among his sons , here pp. 11–12.
