Nicholas of Strasbourg

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Nicholas of Strasbourg (also Nicolaus de Argentina ) OP († after 1331 ) was a Dominican theologian , reading master and preacher .

Life

Nicholas was from 1315 to 1320 philosophy lecturer at the convent of the Dominican Order . In 1322 he studied in Paris and was from the summer of 1323 to 1325 theology lecturer at the Cologne General Study of the Dominicans. He preached u. a. 1323-25 ​​in Freiburg in the Dominican friars and sister convents in and near Freiburg (St. Agnes in Freiburg, Adelhausen near Freiburg) and 1324 on the provincial chapter of the Dominicans in Leuven.

On August 1, 1325 he became vicar general (vicar of the order general ) and visitor for the German order province ("Teutonia"). In 1325-26, Nikolaus led an internal proceedings against Eckhart von Hochheim - possibly to anticipate an archbishop's proceedings by Heinrich von Virneburg against Eckhart for heresy allegations. This procedure was decided with an acquittal for Eckhart and the conviction of his two informers. In the summer of 1326, however, the two friars initiated an archbishopric against Eckhart. Because of his actions against one of the two, Wilhelm von Nidecke, a lawsuit was also brought against Nikolaus at the beginning of 1327 as an alleged handicap of the Inquisition (impeditor inquisitionis). The Cologne spiritual court condemned him. Nikolaus appealed (like Eckhart) to the Pope and traveled to Avignon. Apparently the judgment was dispensed by the Pope and Nicholas was sent to the General Chapter in Perpignan as provincial definitor of Teutonia in 1327. On September 18, 1328, the general of the Franciscans, Michael von Cesena , appealed to the papal curia and denounced Nicholas as the beneficiary of the heresy. On April 13, 1331 Pope John XXII asked . to revise the Cologne judgment against Nikolaus for the sake of the reputation of the Dominican Order.

Works

  • German sermons (at least 13 handed down)
    • Franz Pfeiffer : German Mystics of the 14th Century , Leipzig 1845, Vol. 1, pp. 261–305 ( digitized in the Google book search)
  • Summae philosophiae (probably between 1315-1321)
    • Summa, liber I. Edited by Ruedi Imbach. Corpus Philosophorum Teutonicorum Medii Aevi (CPTMA) 5.1, Meiner, Hamburg 2009. ISBN 978-3-7873-1750-9 .
    • Summa, Summa, liber II, tract. 1-2. Published by Gianfranco Pellegrino. Corpus Philosophorum Teutonicorum Medii Aevi (CPTMA) 5.2 (1), Meiner, Hamburg 2009. ISBN 978-3-7873-1751-6 .
    • Summa, Summa, liber II, tract. 3-7. Published by Gianfranco Pellegrino. Corpus Philosophorum Teutonicorum Medii Aevi (CPTMA) 5.2 (2), Meiner, Hamburg 2009. ISBN 978-3-7873-1752-3 .
    • Summa, Summa, liber II, tract. 8-14. Edited by Tiziana Suarez-Nani. Corpus Philosophorum Teutonicorum Medii Aevi (CPTMA) 5.2 (3), Meiner, Hamburg 2009. ISBN 978-3-7873-0968-9 .
    • Summa, Summa, liber III. Edited by Ruedi Imbach. Corpus Philosophorum Teutonicorum Medii Aevi (CPTMA) 5.3, Meiner, Hamburg 2011. ISBN 978-3-7873-1753-0 .
  • Tracts
    • De adventu Christi et Antichristi et find mundi , first dedicated to the Archbishop of Trier Balduim in 1323, then to Pope John XXII in 1326; in the first and third part an adaptation of two treatises by John of Paris
    • Flores de gestis beate Mariae Virginis
    • De beato evangelista Johanne
    • Possibly editing of Pharetra fidei , a controversial theological compilation of treatises in dialogue form with anti-Jewish polemics
    • Hillenbrand 1968 also pleads for an attribution of some German treatises to Nikolaus, which is more likely to be doubted in further research.

literature

  • Dagmar Gottschall: Nikolaus von Straßburg, Meister Eckhart and the cura monialium. In: Andrés Quero-Sánchez, Georg Steer (Ed.): Master Eckhart's Strasbourg Decade. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-17-019539-4 , pp. 95–118 ( Meister-Eckhart-Jahrbuch 2), ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Eugen Hillenbrand , Kurt Ruh : Nikolaus von Straßburg OP. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 6th volume 2nd completely revised edition. 1987, ISBN 3-11-010754-6 , Sp. 1153-1162.
  • Eugen Hillenbrand: Nicholas of Strasbourg. Religious Movement and Dominican Theology in the 14th Century. Albert, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1968 ( research on the history of the Upper Rhine region 21, ISSN  0532-2197 ), (also: Freiburg / Br., Univ., Diss., 1966).
  • Ruedi Imbach : Metaphysics, Theology and Politics: For the discussion between Nikolaus von Strassburg and Dietrich von Freiberg about the separability of accidents. In: Theology and Philosophy. 61, 1986, ISSN  0040-5655 , pp. 359-395.
  • Ruedi Imbach, Ulrika Lindblad: Compilatio rudis ac puerilis. Notes and materials on Nicholas of Strasbourg OP and his Summa. In: Freiburg journal for philosophy and theology. 32, 1985, ISSN  0016-0725 , pp. 155-233.
  • A. Jahn (Ed.): Reading fruits of old German theology and philosophy. = Theology and philosophy from Heinrich Suso and Nicolaus of Strasbourg. Jenni, Bern 1838.
  • Freimut Löser:  Nicholas of Strasbourg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 275 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Peter-Johannes Schuler:  Nicholas of Strasbourg. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 928-931.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Philipp Strauch:  Nicholas of Strasbourg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, pp. 628-630.
  • Loris Sturlese: Eckhart, Teodorico e Picardi nella “Summa philosophiae” by Nicola de Strassburgo. In: Giornale Critico della Filosofia Italiana. 63, 1982, ISSN  0017-0089 , pp. 183-206.
  • Tiziana Suarez-Nani: Tempo ed essere nell 'autunno del medioevo. Il "De tempore" by Nicola di Strasburgo e il dibattito sulla natura ed il senso del tempo agli inizi del XIV secolo. Grüner, Amsterdam 1989, ISBN 90-6032-298-3 ( Bochum Studies on Philosophy 13).
  • Claus Wagner: Matter in the Middle Ages. Edition and investigations on the Summa (II, 1) of Nikolaus von Straßburg OP. Universitäts-Verlag, Freiburg 1986, ISBN 3-7278-0374-6 ( Studia Friburgensia. NF 67), (Also: Freiburg (Switzerland), Univ., Diss., 1985).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nikolaus is commissioned by John XXII. as a visitor to Teutonia from August 1, 1325 called "olim lector (em) in conventu Coloniensi". The document is published by Heinrich Denifle: The Plagiarist Nikolaus von Strassburg . In: Archive for Literature and Church History of the Middle Ages 4 (1888), 312–329, here 314-316 and there 314. On the biographical hypotheses in this regard, cf. Winfried Trusen: The trial against Meister Eckhart. Prehistory, course and consequences. Paderborn et al. 1988, p. 46; 63; Walter Senner: Johannes von Sterngassen and his commentary on sentences , part I. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3050025794 , p. 134 ( limited preview in Google book search); Walter Senner: Master Eckhart in Cologne . In: Klaus Jacobi (Ed.): Meister Eckhart. Stations in life - speech situations. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 978-3-05-004809-3 , pp. 207-237, here 207ff. ( limited preview in Google Book Search); Löser 1999. In the documents for the trial against Eckhart von Hochheim, Nikolaus is still listed as "lector fratrum ordinis Predicatorum domus Coloniensis". See Senner 1995, 133; Gabriel Löhr: On the history of the Cologne Dominican School in the 14th century , in: Divus Thomas 23 (1945), pp. 57–84; Imbach / Lindblad 1985, 166f. At the appeal to the Pope in 1327, Nikolaus u. a. "Lector fratrum Predicatorum domus Coloniensis", cf. Senner 1995, 134. Cf. Ch. Schmidt: Le Dominicain Nicolas de Strasbourg , in: Revue d'Alsace 47 (NS 10) (1896), pp. 145–155.314-339 among the older representations .
  2. ↑ There he is referred to as the "reading master of Cologne", cf. Pfeiffer 1845, I, 261,1f; Senner 1995, 133; Imbach / Lindblad 1985, 160f. Christoph Burger: God's offer of grace and the educational mandate of the Christian church in conflict. The sermon on the Golden Mountain of Nicholas of Strasbourg, in: Gudrun Litz / Heidrun Munzert, Roland Liebenberg (Ed.): Piety - Theology - Piety Theology . Festschrift for Berndt Hamm on his 60th birthday, Leiden a. a. 2005. (Studies in the history of christian traditions 124), pp. 65–79 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  3. ↑ Such a presumption by Kurt Ruh: Meister Eckhart. Theologian, preacher, mystic. Munich 1985, p. 69.
  4. ↑ See Senner, 134; Imbach / Lindblad 1985, 167-169; Trusen 1988, 109-112.
  5. ↑ Nicholas is referred to in the files as "fautor et defensor maximus fratris Aycardi et haeresium suarum". Cf. Michael von Cesena: Appellatio maior , in: Acta Echardiana , Meister Eckhart: The German and Latin works , ed. on behalf of the German Research Foundation, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, Die lateinischen Werke (LW), Volume 5: Magistri Echardi opera Parisiensia. Tractatus super oratione dominica. Responsio ad articulos sibi impositos de scriptis et dictis suis. Acta Echardiana , ed. Bernhard Geyer, Loris Sturlese et al., 2006, ISBN 3-17-001086-7 , p. 595.
  6. ↑ See Imbach / Lindblad 1985, 164f; Gottschall 2008, 99.
  7. ↑ Information on other sermons ascribed to Nikolaus and other texts in older editions in Philipp Strauch:  Nikolaus von Straßburg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, pp. 628-630. More on the tradition, dating and language version with Reinhold Nebert: Investigations into the time of origin and the dialect of the sermons of Nikolaus von Strassburg , in: Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie 33 (1901), pp. 456–485; Ders .: The Heidelberg Manuscript 641 and the St. Florian Manuscript XI 284 of the sermons of Nicolaus von Strassburg , in: Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie 34 (1902), pp. 13–45. For the mystical theology of Nicholas see Paul-Gundolf Gieraths: Wealth of Life. The German Dominican Mysticism of the 14th Century (For Faith and Life 6), Düsseldorf 1956.
  8. ↑ Imbach / Lindblad 1985, 177-180; Senner 1995, 115; Hillenbrand 1987, 1155.
  9. ↑ See Heinrich Denifle: Der Plagiator Nikolaus von Strassburg , in: Archive for Literature and Church History of the Middle Ages 4 (1888), 312–329.
  10. ↑ See Hillenbrand 1968, 34.79.
  11. ↑ Cf. Carmen Cardelle de Hartmann: Latin Dialogues 1200-1400 . Literary historical study and repertory, Brill, Leiden 2007, pp. 388–392 (R26) ( limited preview in the Google book search).
personal data
SURNAME Strasbourg, Nicholas of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Argentina, Nicolaus de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dominican theologian
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH after 1331