Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno

Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno was the name of three de facto governments in El Salvador between October 15, 1979 and May 2, 1982.

First Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno

October 15, 1979 to December 13, 1980

On October 15, 1979 coup , the Tanda of Juventud Militar President Carlos Humberto Romero from office. The coup was initially supported by the Foro Popular , which was founded in September 1979 and to which the national trade union federation, Federación Nacional de Trabajadores Salvadoreños (FENASTRAS), the Frente de Acción Popular Unificada (FAPU), the Ligas Populares «28 de Febrero» ( LP-28), the Unión Democrática Nacionalista (UDN) and the Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC) , the SI member Movimiento Nacional Revolucionario (MNR) are counted. The junta was formed by: Colonel Jaime Abdul Gutierrez (* 1936) was the dean of the Escuela Politecnico , he studied industrial engineering in the USA, and was on the management board of the state telephone company ANTEL . Colonel Adolfo Arnoldo Majano Ramos (* 1938) studied for five years in Mexico and is admitted to the headquarters . Another military member of the management of ANTEL was Colonel José Guillermo García who became Minister of Defense.

The civilians in the cabinet were Román Mayorga Quiroz, the dean of the Jesuit University UCA José Simeón Cañas Mario Andino, the former deputy chairman of the Cámara de Comercio e Industria de El Salvador (CCIES) or simply the manager of the US copper cable manufacturer “Conelca Phelps Dodge Products” “ Who did well with ANTEL , and Guillermo Manuel Ungo from MNR.

The junta promised a number of economic reforms, including land reform and nationalization of banks and the coffee trade. The end of violence by the security forces against the civilian population was also promised. The Cabinet of Ministers was composed of pluralists, including Ruben Zamora Rivas as Minister of the President and the businessman Enrique Álvarez Córdoba as Minister of Agriculture.

Between January 2 and January 5, 1980, the three civilian members of the junta resigned. On January 2, 1980, Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo invited Romero to mediation, which failed.

Second Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno

January 9, 1980 - September 1980

The military were able to win politicians from the Partido Demócrata Cristiano for their government. On January 9, 1980, the formation of a new government was announced. In addition to the military Gutierrez and Majano, José Antonio Morales Erlich, (PDC); Hector Dada Hirezi, (PDC) was Foreign Minister and the doctor José Ramon Avalos Navarrete. On March 9, 1980 Dada Hirezi resigned and was replaced by José Napoleón Duarte .

On March 6, 1980, laws were passed for agrarian reform and nationalization of the banking system.

On May 14, 1980, 600 people were murdered by government troops in the massacre on the Río Sumpul .

Kill TV

After the coup of October 1979 Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta , the deputy head of ANSESAL , had to leave the army because of his connections to the death squad "Union Guerrera Blanca" (UGR). D'Aubuisson covertly continued his work for senior military commanders who tried to destabilize the reformist junta. Wealthy Salvadorans regularly let him share his intelligence "findings" on television in El Salvador, and D'Aubuisson denounced alleged traitors and communists. Those so accused were murdered by death squads shortly afterwards. D'Aubuission's old friend and mentor General Medrano freely commented: "D'Aubuission points to the Communists so the troops can kill them." In February 1980, D'Aubuisson accused the Attorney General Mario Zamora Rivas (the brother of Ruben Zamora) of To have ties to the guerrilla. Zamora charged D'Abubuisson with defamation. A few days later, a death squad broke into Zamora's house during a dinner party, took Zamora to the bathroom and shot him a dozen times in the face - a trademark of "Mano Blanco". When D'Aubuisson was arrested in May 1980 for attempted overthrow of the government, documents describing a paramilitary operation similar to the Zamora assassination were obtained.

"Operación Piña"

D'Aubuisson also accused Archbishop Óscar Romero on television a few weeks before his murder. When the brief Salvadoran investigation pointed to the ex-major, presiding judge Atilio Ramírez Amaya received death threats. The latter fled to Costa Rica, where he announced that he was convinced that D'Aubuisson was responsible for the killing. The US embassy in El Salvador was also convinced of D'Aubuisson's guilt. In April 1981, Ambassador Robert White told the US Congress that nearly 100% conclusive evidence had been gathered that D'Aubuisson had ordered the archbishop's murder. Among the documents that were secured when D'Aubuissons arrested in May 1980 was one that described an "Operación Piña". The details of the operation - the equipment used, the number of people involved - matched the details of the archbishop's assassination. The embassy also had highly reliable information from D'Abubuissions' area. After that there was a meeting of a dozen men, mostly active officers, at which it was determined who would have the privilege of killing the archbishop by drawing matches. D'Aubuisson chaired the meeting. On March 24, 1980, Monsignor Oscar Romero was shot dead by an appointed sniper.

Third Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno

September 1980 to May 2, 1982

The junta after Majano left the government in September 1980 is known as the Third Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno. The FMLN was founded on October 10, 1980 . In June 1980 the FAES stormed the campus of the University of El Salvador (UES). On October 28, 1980, the Dean of the University of El Salvador, Felix Ulloa, was murdered. On November 27, 1980, the leaders of the Frente Democrático Revolucionario (FDR), which was founded on April 17 , were Enrique Álvarez Córdova , Juan Chacón (BPR), Manuel Franco (UDN), Humberto Mendoza (MLP) and Enrique Barrera (MNR) in San Salvador kidnapped and murdered by a death squad. On December 2, 1980, four sisters of the Mary Knoll Order were kidnapped, raped and murdered by the Sección Inteligencia of the Guardia Nacional . On January 3, 1981, José Rodolfo Viera Lizama (* 1938), Director of the Office for Land Reform (Instituto Salvadoreño de Transformación Agraria, ISTA) , as well as Michael Peter Hammer and Mark David Pearlman were appointed by two Guardia Nacionals at the New Year's reception in the Sheraton in San Salvador murdered on the orders of the Deputy Head of the Sección Inteligencia of the Guardia Nacional, López Sibrián . In January 1981 the junta survived the general offensive of the FMLN, which had been announced as "Ofensiva final". On December 10, 11 and 12, 1981, the Atlacatl Batallón of the Government Forces ( FAES ) murdered around 900 civilians in the El Mozote massacre . On March 28, 1982, a constituent assembly was elected. This took over their office on May 2, 1982 and elected the banker Álvaro Magaña as interim president, who replaced the junta. The chairman of the Constituent Assembly was Roberto D'Aubuisson.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ escepticismo popular ante el golpe de El Salvador . El País , October 18, 1979.
2. ↑ CONDUCTORES ELECTRICOS DE CENTRO AMERICA, SA (CONELCA) Sociedad Anónima del domicilio de San Salvador, constituida originalmente en octubre de 1962, bajo la razón Social Phelps Dodge Products de Centro América, SA, habiendo adoptado la denominación de Centro América en Conductor mayo de 1975.
3. ↑ España denegó la ayuda militar que le solicitó la Junta salvadoreña . El País , March 15, 1980.
4. ↑ John Lamperti, Charles Clement, Enrique Alvarez Córdova: life of a Salvadoran revolutionary and gentleman , McFarland, 2006, 189 pp.

predecessor	Office	successor
Carlos Humberto Romero	President of El Salvador 1979–1982	Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja