Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional
| Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Party leader | Medardo González |
| founding | October 10, 1980 |
| Headquarters | San Salvador |
| Alignment | Social democracy , democratic socialism , historically also Marxism-Leninism |
| Parliament seats | 23/84 |
| Website | www.fmln.org.sv |
The Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional ( FMLN ) (in German : National Liberation Front Farabundo Martí ) is a political party in El Salvador . It was originally an alliance of the most varied, but mostly left-wing forces, which came together in 1980 to combat the military dictatorship that was supported by the US militarily and politically .
history
guerrilla
The FMLN was originally founded in 1980 as a Marxist- oriented association of revolutionary movements. For over 12 years the FMLN waged a guerrilla war against the then military dictatorship in El Salvador. The guerrilla forces consisted of individual associations of communists, Christians and trade unionists.
On December 17, 1979, after lengthy negotiations, three guerrilla groups, FPL , RN and PCS, formed the Coordinadora Político-Militar (CPM). Previously in the 1970s there were disputes over different views and practices, and organizations barely worked together despite similar goals. The CPM issued its first manifesto on January 10, 1980, and the next day, the Coordinadora Revolucionaria de Masas, an association of revolutionary mass organizations, was founded. On May 22, 1980 the groups founded the Dirección Revolucionaria Unificada ( DRU ). The DRU consisted of three members from each of the founding organizations. She declared that from now on there would be only “ one leadership, one military plan and only one command, only one political line ”.
On October 10, 1980, the four organizations formed the Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional (FMLN). The organization was named after the rebel leader Farabundo Martí , who led workers and peasants in a 1932 uprising.
In December 1980, the Salvadoran branch of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores Centroamericanos split off from this organization and merged with the FMLN. The FMLN thus consisted of the following organizations (in order of size at the time of the 1992 peace agreement with the military ):
- Fuerzas Popular de Liberación "Farabundo Martí" (FPL)
- Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación (FAL) of the Partido Comunista de El Salvador (PCS)
- Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)
- Resistencia Nacional (RN)
- Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores Centroamericanos (PRTC)
There were also the following youth organizations:
- Juventud Farabundista (FPL)
- Juventud Comunista Salvadoreña (PCS)
- Juventud Revolucionaria (PRS)
- Jóvenes en Resistencia (RN)
- Juventud los Muchachos (PRTC)
On January 10, 1981, the FMLN launched a large-scale military offensive; in the mid-1980s, it temporarily had up to two thirds of the country under its control. It was advised not to travel to these parts of the country because of the civil war .
In August 1981, the governments of France (under François Mitterrand ) and Mexico (under José López Portillo ) recognized the FMLN as a representative political force in the "Declaración Franco-Mexicana sobre El Salvador (1981)".
Political party
After the ceasefire agreement in 1992, the FMLN transformed from a guerrilla organization to a political party. In the last elections in El Salvador on March 16, 2003, it received 34.0% of the vote and thus won 31 of 84 seats in parliament. The presidential candidate of the FMLN Schafik Jorge Handal won 35.6% on March 21, 2004.
Parliamentary elections were held again in January 2009 and were monitored by 2,000 international observers. Frente Farabundo Martí was one of the dominant forces in the election campaign alongside the right-wing Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA). The FMLN became the strongest party for the first time. It achieved a share of 42.6% and thus exceeded the ruling party ARENA by approx. Four percentage points.
In the presidential election on March 15, 2009, the former journalist Mauricio Funes was the first FLMN candidate to prevail. Funes, who was not a member of the guerrillas during the Salvadoran military dictatorship, was considered a moderate candidate; he does not want to reverse the privatizations initiated under the conservative government.
In the 2014 presidential election, Salvador Sánchez Cerén ran as a candidate for the FMLN and received 50.1 percent of the vote in the runoff.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí in the Spanish language Wikipedia
- ↑ Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional in the Spanish language Wikipedia
- ↑ Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (El Salvador) in the Spanish language Wikipedia
- ^ Resistencia Nacional in the Spanish language Wikipedia
- ↑ Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores Centroamericanos in the Spanish language Wikipedia
- ^ Declaración Franco-Mexicana sobre El Salvador (1981) in the Spanish-language Wikisource
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ↑ Parliamentary election in El Salvador 2009 .
- ↑ El Salvador receives a left-wing president for the first time . In: NZZ , March 16, 2009.
- ↑ Tense situation after the election in El Salvador . In: Portal amerika21.de , March 15, 2014.