Justo José de Urquiza

Justo José de Urquiza y García (born October 18, 1801 in the province of Entre Ríos ; † April 11, 1870 ibid) was a member of the Argentine oligarchy and from March 5, 1854 to March 5, 1860 the first constitutional and third overall president of Argentina .

Life

Urquiza received his school education in Buenos Aires and was initially a port worker. In 1819 he returned to Entre Ríos. His family's connections to the dictator Francisco Ramírez allowed Urquiza to enter politics.

After several years in provincial politics, Urquiza went to Buenos Aires to represent the governor Pascual Echagüe . He became a confidante of Juan Manuel de Rosas, who ruled over Argentina authoritarian as governor of Buenos Aires, and in 1841 replaced his former boss Echagüe as governor of Entre Ríos.

From Entre Ríos, Urquizas formed an alliance against Rosas and in 1852 led the battle of Monte Caseros against him.

In April 1852, he signed the Palermo Protocol ( Palermo (Buenos Aires) ), which made him the provisional Director of the Argentine Confederation. In 1853, at his instigation, a new constitution was passed in Santa Fe, with which the Argentine provinces were united for the first time into a single state and which all provinces except the previously dominant province of Buenos Aires had drawn up and recognized. In his absence, Buenos Aires had declared itself an independent state, which is why the Concepción del Uruguay made its Entre Ríos province the new capital. In 1854 he became President of Argentina and promoted foreign trade through agreements with Great Britain , France and the USA .

After his presidency in 1860 he was appointed Commander in Chief of the Army and the Navy . However, after allowing Bartolomé Miter and the independent state of Buenos Aires to win in 1861 for reasons that are still unclear, he retired to his province of Entre Ríos, which he ruled almost unreservedly as governor. He was murdered on April 11, 1870, possibly at the instigation of his son-in-law Ricardo López Jordán , who saw Urquiza betray the ideals of the federalists through negotiations with the centralized government, on his country estate in the Palace of San José . As a result, Entre Ríos, in which Jordan briefly took over the government but was exiled by the central government, lost the privileges that Urquiza had won as a stronghold of federalism and was instead ruled with a hard hand by installed centralists, while federalists no longer had to go to elections were admitted.

Web links

Commons : Justo José de Urquiza - Collection of images, videos and audio files

predecessor	Office	successor
Juan Manuel de Rosas (Governor of Buenos Aires)	President of Argentina (until 1854 Director Provisional) 1852–1860	Santiago Derqui

personal data
SURNAME	Urquiza, Justo José de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Urquiza y García, Justo José de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Member of the Argentine Oligarchy and President of Argentina
DATE OF BIRTH	October 18, 1801
PLACE OF BIRTH	Entre Ríos (Province)
DATE OF DEATH	April 11, 1870
Place of death	Entre Ríos (Province)