Juan Manuel de Rosas
Don Juan Manuel Ortiz de Rosas (born March 30, 1793 in Buenos Aires , Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , † March 14, 1877 in Southampton , England ) was an Argentine dictator .
Life
From 1828 Rosas appeared as the commander of the rural population and leader of the federalists in the fight against the Unitarians. In December 1829 he was elected governor of Buenos Aires. In March 1835 he was re-elected governor and captain general . At times, Rosa's extraordinary power was transferred and thus in fact received the power of a dictator, with his influence not only extending over Buenos Aires, but all provinces of the Argentine Confederation. Although he belonged to the federalists and refused to introduce a constitution because of their advocacy of the sovereignty of the provinces, he ruled de facto centralistically. With Juan Facundo Quiroga he is one of the caudillo figures of Argentina and thus Latin America.
On November 20, 1845, he commanded the Argentine fleet against a British-French coalition at the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado .
He led the republic until 1852, during which time he ensured the country's prosperity inside. Outwardly, it was Don Felipe Arana who implemented Rosa's policy. After Rosas had again been granted unrestricted powers on September 12, 1849, he interfered in the internal struggles of the La Plata states ( Uruguay ) alongside England, France and Brazil . Despite some victories, the opposition grew more and more, and on February 3, 1852, at the Battle of Monte Caseros, he was defeated by troops from Brazil, Uruguay and Don Justo José de Urquiza , who as governor of Entre Ríos the federalists and the Argentine opposition cited. Rosas fled to England and died in his country estate near Southampton.
A picture of him is on the Argentine 20 peso banknote today .
Web links
- Spanish-language biography
- Literature by and about Juan Manuel de Rosas in the catalog of the Ibero-American Institute in Berlin
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Históricas Juan Manuel de Rosas (Spanish)
literature
- John Lynch: Argentine Caudillo. Juan Manuel de Rosas. SR Books, Wilmington Del. 2001, ISBN 0-8420-2897-8 . ( Latin American silhouettes ).
- John Lynch: Argentine Dictator. Juan Manuel De Rosas, 1829–52. Oxford University Press et al., New York NY et al. 1981, ISBN 0-19-821129-5 .
- Domingo Faustino Sarmiento: Barbarism and Civilization . The life of Facundo Quiroga. Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-8218-4580-7 . (transferred and commented by Berthold Zilly)
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Alejandro Vicente López y Planes |
Governor of Buenos Aires (from 1827 to 1852 no central government) 1827 - 1852 |
Justo José de Urquiza |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rosas, Juan Manuel de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Rosas, Juan Manuel Ortiz de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | argentinian dictator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 30, 1793 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Buenos Aires , Argentina |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 14, 1877 |
| Place of death | Southampton , England |