1678

Portal history | Portal Biographies | Current events | Annual calendar

◄ | 16th century | 17th century | 18th century | ►
◄ | 1640s | 1650s | 1660s | 1670s | 1680s | 1690s | 1700s | ►
◄◄ | ◄ | 1674 | 1675 | 1676 | 1677 | 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | ► | ►►

Heads of State · Nekrolog

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

1678
The opening of the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg leads to the first Hamburg theater dispute .
Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman to receive a doctorate .	Ferdinand von Fürstenberg becomes Prince-Bishop of Münster .
1678 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1126/27 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1670/71 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1083/84 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2221/22 (southern Buddhism); 2220/21 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the Earth-Horse戊午 ( at the beginning of the year Fire-Snake 丁巳)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1040/41 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4011/12 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1056/57
Islamic calendar	1088/89 (February 22-23)
Jewish calendar	5438/39 (September 16/17)
Coptic calendar	1394/95 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	853/854
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1988/89 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1989/90 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1734/35 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Dutch War

• After the conquest of Freiburg , the French army under Marshal François de Créquy turned to Rheinfelden in the Dutch War . The surprise attack there at the beginning of July can be repulsed by the imperial defenders with heavy losses.

Pioneers in front of the imperial army camp in Todtmoos

• Mid-July: the imperial army crosses the Black Forest
• August 10 : France and the Netherlands sign the first of the Nijmegen peace treaties .
• September 17th : France achieves another peace treaty in Nijmegen . This time with Spain , which was embroiled in the Dutch War with other powers . France is getting area increases, so the Free County of Burgundy .
• October 4th : French troops burn down the town of Eschweiler . Only one house remains and the precious Lederpietà can be saved.

Northern War

Battle formation of the Battle of Warksow

• January 18 : The Battle of Warksow takes place on Rügen during the Swedish-Brandenburg War . The Swedes recapture the island taken by the Danes against a Danish-Brandenburg army. But eight months later the other side is successful in a new fight.

Floor plan of Stralsund Fortress at the time of the siege

• September 10 to October 5 : After a two-month siege , Brandenburg-Prussia succeeds in conquering Stralsund fortress from the Swedes .

Landing fleet with army in battle order on Rügen on September 13th

• 12. bis 14. September : Invasion of Rügen , Brandenburg-Prussia succeeding together with Denmark taking the Swedish-dominated island of Ruegen.

Other events in Europe

• January 1st : In Turin , Maria Johanna von Savoyen opens the Knight's Academy, the Reale Accademia di Savoja , long planned by Duke Charles Emanuel II , from which the Accademia Militare di Modena will develop.
• Spring: The Scots Grays are founded by amalgamating three Scottish dragoon regiments .

• The prince-bishop of Paderborn, Ferdinand von Fürstenberg , who has ruled since 1661 , is elected prince-bishop of Münster ; he ruled the two prince-bishoprics until his death in 1683 .

economy

• May 6th : In Leipzig , 30 merchants decide to build a joint assembly building, the Old Trading Exchange . Construction of the house on the Naschmarkt will begin on May 30th . It is very likely that the design of the building was made by Johann Georg Starcke , the chief master builder of the Oberbauamt at the Johann Georg II court in Dresden.

• The Lübeck patrician and later mayor Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf founded the Tesdorpf wine shop , which is now Germany's oldest wine shop .
• Jacob ter Gouw founds the first European stuff printing company in Amsterdam , which produces brightly colored fabrics in the Indian manner .

science and technology

• June 25th : Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman in the world to receive a doctorate in philosophy . The desired subject of theology is closed to her by the University of Padua with the argument that a woman should be silent in the church.

• Christiaan Huygens presented his Traité de la lumière to the Académie française , in which he established the wave theory of light. The work was not published until 1690.

Image of the possibly self-propelled small steam engine that Verbiest describes as his construction

• The Jesuit priest Ferdinand Verbiest built what is probably the world's first automobile at the Chinese court. It was a small, self-propelled and steerable car powered by a steam boiler.

Culture

literature

Title page of the first edition of the novel

• The historical novel La Princesse de Clèves is published anonymously in Paris . The work from the pen of the noblewoman Marie-Madeleine de La Fayette is considered to be the first historical novel in France and one of the first novels in European literary history. The novel was a great success with the public right from the start; the first edition was completely sold out shortly after publication. It was lively discussed in all literary salons of the time.

First edition of the Poems

• The collection of poems Several Poems Compiled with Great Variety of Wit and Learning by the New England puritan Anne Bradstreet appears after the poet's death.

Music and theater

• January 2nd : The opera at Gänsemarkt in Hamburg is inaugurated with the sacred opera Adam and Eva by Johann Theile . The Hamburg State Opera later developed from the first and most important civic urban theater in the German-speaking area . The opening is accompanied by the first Hamburg theater dispute.

religion

• February: The Baptist John Bunyan publishes the Christian edification The Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come ( Pilgrimage to Blessed Eternity ).

Disasters

• December 24th : During the major fire in Hardegsen , a large part of the city center fell victim to a conflagration .

nature and environment

• 0March 4th : Weaker earthquake in northern Italy / Venice

Born

First half of the year

• 0March 4 : Antonio Vivaldi , Italian composer († 1741 )
• March 21 : Marie Elisabeth von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , abbess of the imperial and free world monastery Quedlinburg († 1755 )

• 0May 3 : Georg Friedrich the Younger , Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach († 1703 )
• 0May 3 : Amaro Pargo , Spanish corsair of the Golden Age († 1747 )
• 0May 4 : Pir Nureddin Jerrahi , founder of the Jerrahi Dervish Order in Istanbul († 1721 )
• May 16 : Andreas Silbermann , German organ builder in Alsace († 1734 )
• May 19 : Francesco Farnese , Duke of Parma and Piacenza († 1727 )
• May 29 : Adolf von Dalberg , Prince Abbot of Fulda († 1737 )

• 0June 6 : Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon , Count of Toulouse, illegitimate son of Louis XIV († 1737 )

Second half of the year

Emperor Joseph I, (around 1700)

• July 26 : Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor († 1711 )

• August 11 : Benedikt Wilhelm von Ahlefeldt , Lord of Gut Kaden, Major and District Administrator († 1748 )

• September 16 : Henry St. John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke , British politician and philosopher († 1751 )
• September 29 : Adrien-Maurice de Noailles , Marshal of France († 1766 )

• 0October 4 : Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow , Prussian field marshal and statesman († 1739 )
• October 22 : Johann Philipp Harrach , Austrian Field Marshal and President of the Court War Council († 1764 )
• October 30 : Peter von Lacy , Russian Field Marshal General († 1751 )

• November 11 : Benedikt von Ahlefeldt , lord of the Holstein estates of Jersbek and Stegen († 1757 )
• November 26 : Karl Leopold , Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin († 1747 )

• 0December 2 : Nicolaus Samuelis Cruquius , Dutch hydraulic engineer and cartographer († 1754 )
• December 13 : Yongzheng , Chinese Emperor of the Qing Dynasty († 1735 )
• December 14th : Daniel Neal , English Reformed clergyman and church historian († 1743 )
• December 30th : William Croft , British organist and composer († 1727 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• before October 16: Anna Waser , Swiss painter († 1714 )

Born around 1678

• James Anderson , Scottish preacher († 1739 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 11 : Ferrante III. Gonzaga , Duke of Guastalla (* 1618 )
• January 23 : Wilhelm von Curti , English diplomat (* 1598 )
• January 25 : Joan Maetsuycker , Governor General of the Dutch East Indies (* 1606 )

• 0February 1 : Timotheus Ritzsch , German printer, bookseller and publisher of the first German daily newspaper (* 1614 )
• February 13 : Cosimo Fanzago , Neapolitan architect, sculptor and decorator (* 1591 )

• March 23 : Cornelis Gerritsz. Decker , Dutch painter (* around 1620 )
• March 29 : Pierre Daret , French painter and engraver (* around 1604 )

• April 22nd : Sebastiano Mazzoni , Italian painter (* 1611 )
• April 24th : Ludwig VI. , Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (* 1630 )

• 0May 3 : Bernhard , Duke of Saxony-Jena (* 1638 )
• 0May 4 : Anna Maria von Schürmann , Dutch-German polymath (* 1607 )

• 0June 4th : Catherine Charlotte de Gramont , Princess of Monaco (* 1639 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 2 : Christoph Schlegel , German Lutheran theologian (* 1613 )
• July 12th : Antoine III. de Gramont , French military and diplomat (* 1604 )

• 0August 2nd : Nicolaus Jarre , Hamburg mayor and lawyer (* 1603 )
• August 16 : Andrew Marvell , English poet (* 1621 )
• August 31 : Ludwig VII , Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (* 1658 )

• 0September 1st : Jan Brueghel the Younger , Dutch painter (* 1601 )
• 0September 8th : Pietro della Vecchia , Italian painter (* 1602 or 1603 )
• September 19 : Christoph Bernhard von Galen , Prince-Bishop of Münster (* 1606 )
• September 28 : Maurizio Cazzati , Italian composer (* 1616 )

• October 12 : Pieter Codde , Dutch painter (* 1599 )
• October 15 : Abraham Heidanus , German Reformed theologian (* 1597 )
• October 18 : Jacob Jordaens , Flemish painter (* 1593 )
• October 19 : Samuel van Hoogstraten , Dutch painter (* 1627 )

• 0November 7th : Erasmus Quellinus II , Flemish painter and engraver (* 1607 )
• November 12th : Hermann Löher , mayor, city councilor and aldermen in Rheinbach, author of a pamphlet against the persecution of witches (* 1595 )
• November 18 : Giovanni Maria Bononcini , Italian violinist and composer (* 1642 )
• November 28 : Johann Ludwig Faber , German hymn poet (* 1635 )
• November 30th : Andries de Graeff , regent and mayor of Amsterdam (* 1611 )

• 0December 6th : Damian Hartard von der Leyen , Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, Prince-Bishop of Worms (* 1624 )
• 0December 9 : Robert Nanteuil , French engraver and pastel draftsman (* around 1623 )
• 0December 9 : Jürgen Ovens , German painter (* 1623 )

Web links

Commons : 1678  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files