Maurizio Cazzati

Maurizio Cazzati (born March 1, 1616 in Luzzara , † September 28, 1678 in Mantua ) was an Italian composer .

Life

Maurizio Cazzati was the son of the wealthy notary Francesco Cazzati, who had professional contact with the Gonzagas family. At the age of 17, Maurizio had with Duke Ferrante III. Gonzaga from Guastella got a job. To this he dedicated his Op in 1641. 1 and 1665 the sonata collection Op. 35. After his ordination , from 1641 he worked as a bandmaster at various churches in Mantua , Bozzolo , Ferrara and Bergamo . In Bergamo he worked with Giovanni Lenzei at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore . Around 1657 he was released from his priestly duties at his own request. In the same year he received the important post of conductor at the Basilica of San Petronio in Bologna. Here he gave instrumental music a higher priority in church music than was customary before his appointment. He gave the Sonata da chiesa ( church sonata ) the form slow-fast-slow-fast. His impressive works for trumpet and strings date from this time .

His relationship with the other musicians must have been clouded by differences of opinion, as shortly after taking office he dismissed all members of the capella who refused to undergo a strict test like a new appointment. He reduced the number of permanent musicians to 33 members. He had this and other regulations laid down in the Ordini per la musica dell'Insigne Collegiata di S. Petronio di Bologna service order in 1658 . These innovations resulted in a significant increase in the quality of church music in Bologna. Perhaps the persistent tensions that arose for the reasons mentioned above were the main reason why he was not accepted into the Accademia Filarmonica , which was founded in 1666 .

With the organist Giulio Cesare Arresti , the Cazzati musical errors in the Kyrie of the Missa primi toni from Op. 17, it finally came to an open dispute. This went so far that other musicians and even the music publishers parted ways with Cazzati. For this reason, he bought his own printing press in 1666. After the quarrels did not subside, he resigned his position at San Petronio in 1671 and went to Mantua to the ducal court of the Gonzagas , where he received the honorary title of maestro di capella di camera from the Duchess. In 1672 he received the position of Kapellmeister at the Cathedral of Mantua, which he held until his death in 1678.

Despite all the injustices he can be considered the founder of the Bolognese School , which played a leading role in musical life in the second half of the 17th century. His extensive work comprises a total of 66 opus numbers. The instrumental works have an important place in the development of violin music.

Works (selection)

Instrumental:

• Op. 1: Salmi e messa ... (Venice, 1641)
• Op. 2: Canzoni a tre, doi violini e violone, col suo basso continuo (Venice, 1642)
• Op. 5: Il primo libre de Motteti à voce sola (Venice, 1647 and Bologna, 1670)
• Op. 8: Il secondo libro delle sonate, 14 brani a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 strumenti e bc (Venice, 1648)
• Op. 10: Motetti a due voci ... (Venice 1648)
• Op. 15: Sonatas for several parts Correnti e balletti alla francese e all'itagliana (Venice, 1654)
• Op. 17: Messa e Salmi á 5 voce (Venice, 1655, and Bologna, 1667)
• Op. 18: 12 trio sonatas and 1 capriccio for 2 violins and B. c. (Bologna, 1659)
• Op. 22: Trattenimenti per camera (evening light music) (Bologna, 1660)
• Op. 30: Correnti e Balletti per sonare ... (Bologna, 1668)
• Op. 31: Messa e salmi per li defonti a cinque voci (Bologna, 1663)
• Op. 32: Antifone e Letanie concertante à 2, 3, 4 e 5 (Bologna, 1663)
• Op. 34: Sacri concerti di motetti 2 voce (Bologna, 1664)
• Op. 35: Sonata a due, tre, quattro e cinque con alcune per Tromba (Bologna, 1665)
• Op. 49: Diport spirituali per camera e per oratorii (Bologna, 1668)
• Op. 50: Varii e diversi Capricci per Camera e per Chiesa, dedicated to Isabella Gonzaga (Bologna 1669)
• Op. 51: Salmi di terza con le tre sequenze correnti dell 'anno (Bologna, 1669)
• Op. 55: Sonata a due istromenti cioè violino é violone (Bologna, 1670)
• Op. 65: Il ottavo libro dei motetti a voce sola (1678)

Church music:

• requiem
• Vespro di Sant'Andrea
• Missa austriaca

Stage works:

• I gridi di Cerere; dramma eroi-comico (Ferrara, 1652)
• Il carnevale esigliato; scherzo drammatico (Ferrara, 1652)
• Ercole effeminato; dramma (Bergamo, 1654)
• Le gare de 'fiumi (Bologna, 1658)
• Le gare d'Amore e di Marte festa d'armi e di ballo (Bologna, 1662)

literature

• Oscar Mischiati:  Maurizio Cazzati. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 23:  Cavallucci-Cerretesi. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1979, pp. 174-179.
• John G. Suess: The ensemble sonatas of Maurizio Cazzati. In: Studies on Italian-German music history. Vol. 12, 1979, ZDB -ID 503193x , pp. 146-185.
• Susanne Kuebler: Contesto storico-stilistico e destinazioni d'uso delle sonate per tromba di Maurizio Cazzati. In: Rivista italiana di musicologia. Vol. 29, 1, 1994, ISSN  0035-6867 , pp. 139-156.
• Anne Schnoebelen: Cazzati, Maurizio. In: Stanley Sadie (Ed.): The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Volume 5: Canon to Classic rock. Macmillan, London 2001, ISBN 0-333-60800-3 , pp. 322-325.
• Paolo Giorgi (Ed.): Maurizio Cazzati (1616 - 1678). Musico guastallese. Nuovi studi e prospettive metodologiche (= Studi e ricerche per la storia della musica a Guastalla 1). Associazione "G. Serassi “, Guastalla 2009, ISBN 978-88-903020-4-6 , with catalog raisonné.

Web links

• Works by and about Maurizio Cazzati in the catalog of the German National Library
• Sheet music and audio files by Maurizio Cazzati in the International Music Score Library Project