1682

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1682
After the uprising in Moscow , Ivan V divided ...	... and Peter I (later the Great) the Tsar's throne .
Louis XIV moves into the Palace of Versailles with the court .
1682 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1130/31 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1674/75 (turn of the year 10/11 September)
Bengali solar calendar	1087/88 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2225/26 (southern Buddhism); 2224/25 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the Water Dog壬戌 ( at the beginning of the year metal rooster 辛酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1044/45 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4015/16 (October 2-3)
Iranian calendar	1060/61
Islamic calendar	1092/ 93 /94 (Year 9-10 January. // 30-31 December.)
Jewish calendar	5442/43 (October 2/3)
Coptic calendar	1398/99 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	857/858
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1992/93 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1993/94 (New Year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1738/39 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Russia

• May 7th : Tsar Fyodor III, only twenty years old . of Russia dies surprisingly without leaving a successor. Thereupon it comes between the families of the two wives of his father Alexei , the late Marija Ilyinitschna Miloslawskaja , mother of Fyodor's brother Ivan and his sister Sofia Alexejewna , and the surviving wife Natalja Kirillowna Naryshkina , mother of Fjodor's half-brother Peter , and the boyars allied with them to the succession dispute.

The Moscovite Revolt - contemporary copperplate engraving

• May 15 : The Strelizi begin the Moscow uprising in 1682 after rumors emerged that Tsar Ivan was murdered by members of the Naryshkin family. Several ministers, among them Artamon Sergejewitsch Matvejew , and two brothers of Natalja Naryshkina, are murdered by them after they stormed the Kremlin . The Moscow Patriarch Joachim can finally calm the situation down by showing the insurgents the unharmed Ivan IV.
• May 23rd : At the request of the Strelizi, powers are shared between Tsars Ivan IV and Peter I.
• On June 25, Ivan V and Peter I were coronated together , the elder sister Sofia took over the official duties.
• Autumn: Ivan Andreevich Khovansky , leader of the May uprising, is captured and executed after a renewed attempted coup.

France

• March 19 : The general assembly of the French clergy proclaims the Gallican articles which emphasize the independence of the French Church and the kings of France in relation to the Pope's claim to leadership.

• The French court under King Louis XIV moves from Paris to the converted Palace of Versailles . Courtly absolutism thus reached its climax in France .

Other events in Europe

• Lörrach receives city rights through Friedrich VII. Magnus von Baden-Durlach .

America

The travels of Robert Cavelier de La Salle

• Winter: The French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle begins his journey south to the Mississippi on the frozen Illinois River .
• April 7th : Robert Cavelier de La Salle is the first European to reach the mouth of the Mississippi River . On April 9, he solemnly took possession of all areas on the Mississippi for the French crown and named the territory in honor of King Louis XIV " La Louisiane ".

William Penn (1644-1718)

• October 27th : William Penn founds the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania .

Africa

• July 19 : After the death of his father Yohannes I , Iyasu I becomes the new Negus of Ethiopia from the Solomon dynasty, which has ruled since 1270 .

Asia

• Manchurian Qing Dynasty forces conquer Taiwan from Chinese Ming Dynasty loyalists .

economy

Electoral edict of March 7, 1682

• March 7th : The Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm announces with the edict the establishment of the trading company on the coasts of Guinea , which at the same time forms the first German stock corporation , due to the enforcement of the trading company to be set up on the coasts of Guinea . The company is endowed with a capital stock of 50,000 Reichstalers , of which 48,000 Thalers are subscribed, and receives the Brandenburg monopoly for trading in West Africa with pepper , ivory , gold and slaves as well as the right to set up its own bases for 30 years . The elector provides the crew and equipment for this.

• August Metzler founds a publishing house in Stuttgart, today's JB Metzler'sche Verlagbuchhandlung .

science and technology

Nehemiah Grew

• The English botanist and doctor Nehemiah Grew published the work The Anatomy of Plants and thus became the founder of phytotomy .
• The Leipzig Acta Eruditorum appear for the first time. The monthly magazine, written in Latin, is developing into one of the most important German-language scientific magazines . The first editor is Otto Mencke .
• A typewriter is mentioned for the first time in 1682, although neither the inventor nor the model are known.

Culture

• September 29th : The Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten in The Hague is founded.

Title page of the first edition of A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (London 1682)

• The Puritan Mary Rowlandson , English settler in New England, publishes her Captivity narrative about her captivity with the Narraganset Indians from February 10 to May 2, 1675 . The book became one of the first bestsellers in American literature . The American edition had a second edition that same year.
• The Missa Salisburgensis will probably be performed for the first time in Salzburg Cathedral .

religion

• The death of the fifth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatsho is kept secret by his regent Sanggye Gyatsho for foreign policy reasons until April 1697 , until the sixth Dalai Lama Tshangyang Gyatsho has reached the age of 15.
• The Lamo Dechen Monastery , an important monastery of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism ( Vajrayana ), is founded by the 3rd Lamo Rinpoche Ngawang Lobsang Tenpe Gyeltshen in the Rongwo area in central Amdo.

Born

First half of the year

• January 12 : Burkhard Leberecht Behrisch , German lawyer and mayor of Dresden († 1750 )

• 0February 4th : Johann Friedrich Böttger , German alchemist, naturalist and porcelain manufacturer († 1719 )
• February 13 : Giovanni Battista Piazzetta , Venetian painter and etcher († 1754 )
• February 21 : Filippo Balatri , Italian singer, castrato and monk († 1756 )
• February 23 : Christian , Duke of Saxony-Weißenfels and Prince of Saxony-Querfurt († 1736 )
• February 25 : Giovanni Battista Morgagni , Italian researcher († 1771 )

• March 10 : Wilhelm VIII , Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel († 1760 )

• April 16 : John Hadley , English astronomer and mathematician († 1744 )
• April 23 : Johann Georg Meindl , rebel and leader of the Bavarian popular uprising († 1767 )

• 0May 9 : Johannes Ens , Dutch Reformed theologian († 1732 )
• May 10 : Peter Friedrich Arpe , German lawyer († 1740 )
• May 14 : Bernhard Walther Marperger , German Lutheran theologian († 1746 )

• June 15 : Franz Georg von Schönborn , Elector of Trier and Prince Abbot of Prüm, Prince-Bishop of Worms and Prince Provost of Ellwangen († 1756 )
• June 27th : Charles XII. , King of Sweden and Duke of Zweibrücken in personal union († 1718 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 9 : Johann Heinrich Müslin , Swiss Pietist († 1757 )
• July 10 : Roger Cotes , English mathematician († 1716 )
• July 10 : Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg , German Protestant missionary († 1719 )
• July 31 : Ignazio Visconti , 16th general of the Societas Jesu († 1755 )

• 0August 3 : George Werner , Saxon architect and builder († 1758 )
• August 12 : Simon Paul Hilscher , German physician († 1748 )
• August 15 : Annibale Albani , Cardinal of the Catholic Church († 1751 )

• 0September 2 : Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta , Spanish bishop and colonial administrator, viceroy of New Spain († 1747 )
• September 13 : Theodor Christlieb Reinhold , German composer and Kreuzkantor († 1755 )
• September 13 : Thomas von Westen , Norwegian missionary († 1727 )

Zabala's birthplace

• 0October 6 : Bruno Mauricio de Zabala , Spanish military and colonial administrator, Capitán General del Río de la Plata († 1736 )

• December 21 : Jack Rackham , English pirate captain († 1720 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Jacopo Amigoni , Italian painter († 1752 )
• Isaak Aaron Arnstein , German-Austrian banker and court factor († 1744 )
• Johann Balthasar Antesperg , German linguist and court teacher († 1765 )
• António de Albuquerque Coelho , Portuguese colonial administrator († 1745 )
• Ursula Meyer , Swiss pietist and mystic († 1743 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 3 : Olof Verelius , Swedish linguist and antiquarian (* 1618 )

• February 13th : Thomas Thynne , English nobleman and politician (* around 1648 )
• February 15 : Claude de la Colombière , French Catholic clergyman (* 1641 )
• February 15 : Gu Yanwu , Chinese polymath (* 1613 )

• March 27 : Joachim Ernst von Görzke , lieutenant general in Brandenburg (* 1611 )

• 0April 3 : Bartolomé Esteban Murillo , Spanish painter (* 1618 )
• April 27 : Tetsugen Dōkō , Japanese Buddhist monk (* 1630 )
• April 30th : Auguste Sophie von Pfalz-Sulzbach , Countess Palatine von Sulzbach and Princess von Lobkowicz (* 1624 )

• 0May 5 : Nishiyama Sōin , Japanese poet (* 1605 )
• 0May 7th : Fyodor III. , Tsar of Russia from 1676 to 1682 (* 1661 )
• May 16 : Andreas Concius , German mathematician (* 1628 )
• May 26 : Johann Heinrich Ott , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1617 )
• May 29th : Benjamin Olitzsch , electoral Saxon miner and leader of an expedition of Saxon miners to East India

Second half of the year

• July 19 : Yohannes I , Emperor of Ethiopia (* before 1640)
• 0September 9 : Siegmund Wiprecht von Zerbst , German court official and politician (* 1606 )
• September 10 : Friedrich von Jena , German legal scholar, diplomat and statesman (* 1620 )
• October 12 : Jean Picard , French astronomer and geodesist (* 1620 )
• October 19 : Thomas Browne , English philosopher (* 1605 )
• November 14 : Rijklof van Goens , Governor of Ceylon and Governor General of the Dutch East Indies (* 1619 )
• November 23 : Claude Lorrain , French landscape painter (* 1600 )
• November 29 : Ruprecht von der Pfalz, Duke of Cumberland , Earl of Holderness, English generalissimo and admiral (* 1619 )
• December 13 : Aegidius Strauch , German Lutheran theologian (* 1632 )
• December 19 : Maria Grießer , victim of the witch hunt in Lauchringen (* around 1640 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Ngawang Lobsang Gyatsho , fifth Dalai Lama of Tibet (* 1617 )
• Samartha Ramdas , saint of Hinduism (* 1608 )
• Michaelina Woutiers , Dutch baroque painter (* around 1620 )

Web links

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