Moscow uprising 1682
The Moscow Uprising of 1682 was an uprising by the Moscow Strelizas after the death of Tsar Fyodor III. He was part of the Moscow Troubles in 1682 ( Russian Московская смута ). The cause was the struggle for the succession to the throne between the families of the two wives of the previous Tsar Alexei I.
background
The opposing parties were the families of the two wives Alexeis Maria Miloslawskaja († 1669) and Natalja Naryshkina and the boyars allied with them . When Fyodor III, son of the first wife Alexeis Maria, died on April 27, 1682 at the age of just 20, he left no surviving heir. He was followed next in line to the throne by his only surviving biological brother, 15-year-old Ivan , who was considered ailing . The Naryshkina family, however, tried Ivan's half-brother, 9-year-old Peter , as heir to the throne. They made use of the Patriarch Joachim , who declared Peter heir to the throne. Since both sons were still minors, the Tsar's widow Natalja took over the regency.
The riot
The Strelizi uprising broke out in May 1682 when news spread in the streets of Moscow that the rightful heir to the throne Ivan would be killed by the Naryshkin clan. It had previously been said that Fyodor had fallen victim to an intrigue by the clan. The Strelizen regiments then broke into the Kremlin and demanded that the heir to the throne be shown. Although they could be reassured at first, they killed several ministers allied with the Naryshkins, including Artamon Matveev , Mikhail Dolgorukov and Grigory Romodanovsky . A few days later they stormed into the Kremlin again and murdered several relatives of the Naryshkina, including their brothers Kyrill and Ivan, in front of the young Peter. But when the Patriarch Joachim personally stepped before the Strelizi, they did not dare to attack him. Joachim and Sophia revealed that Ivan was alive and that in truth no one was trying to kill him, whereupon he was shown to the rebels and they could be calmed down. As a result of the uprising, Ivan's older sister Sofia was installed as regent and Ivan was confirmed as the first heir to the throne, while Peter was declared a "Mitzar".
Aftermath
In the autumn of 1682, the leader of the May uprising, Ivan Chowanski , who was an opponent of Nikon's church reforms and a supporter of the protopope Avvakum , tried to take over the reign himself. Sofia fled with the two heirs to the throne to the Trinity monastery of Sergiev Posad . With the help of Vasily Golitsyn and Fyodor Shaklovity , she succeeded in suppressing the rebellion, Khovansky was executed and replaced by Shaklovity. This so-called Khovanshchina was made into the opera of the same name by Modest Mussorgsky in the 19th century .
In the summer of 1689, the then 17-year-old Peter was supposed to put an end to the reign of Sofia and, after another uprising by the Strelizi in 1698, hold a bloody vengeance against them.
See also
- Salt Rising (1648)
- Copper Rising (1662)
- History of Russia
literature
- Kirill Kočegarov: The Moscow Uprising of 1682: Relations between Russia, the Crimean Khanate, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In: Denise Klein (Ed.): The Crimean Khanate between East and West (15th – 18th century) (= research on Eastern European history. Vol. 78). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-447-06705-8 , pp. 59-73.
Web links
- The Moscow Troubles 1682 from Sergei Solovyov's Russian History from the Ancient Times (in Russian)