Ivan V. (Russia)

Ivan V of Russia

Ivan V. (* August 27 ^jul. / 6. September  1666 ^greg. In Moscow , † January 29 ^{. Jul} / 8. February  1696 ^greg. In Moscow) at the same time was regency of his sister Sofia , together with his younger half-brother Peter I , Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1696 . Ivan V was the fifth son of Tsar Alexei I of Russia and his first wife Maria Miloslawskaja .

An uncertain line of succession

After the death of his older brother, Tsar Fyodor III. Ivan became the official heir to the throne . Since he was considered mentally inferior and poor health, the boyar duma, on the advice of Patriarch Ioakim , appointed his ten-year-old half-brother Peter as co-regent, so there were conflicts over the throne. The cause lay in the two marriages of his father, Tsar Alexei I, because the families of his first wife Maria Miloslawskaja (mother of Ivan) and his second wife Natalja Naryshkina (mother of Peter) fought with all means for the succession of their descendants. Legally nothing stood in the way of Ivan's enthronement , there was no law of succession to the throne, but the customary law of succession could have been applied.

The Strelizos

As early as 1540, the Strelitzengarde (Strelitzen, Strelzy = riflemen) had proven their loyalty to the Tsar. They saw themselves as a kind of musketeer for the tsar. However, they were not exactly squeamish in their approach and were considered drunkards and receptive to bribes.

As part of the throne disputes the Sagittarius on the side of Sofia, the sister of Ivan V. presented It began a brutal and bloody purge in the days of May 1682 about 70 relatives of the disputed parties were in a bloodbath on the on the orders of Sofia Red Square in Moscow by the Strelitzen executed.

A compromise for the line of succession

As a result of the uprising of Ivan's relatives, especially the Miloslawski supporters, led by Ivan and Peter's sister Sofia Alexejewna, against the election of Peter, the Boyar Duma appointed Ivan first, Peter second Tsar and Sofia regent. Ivan and Peter were crowned tsars together on June 25, 1682. Due to his health, Ivan never played a political role; the government was initially incumbent on his sister Sofia, who had been appointed regent, and later on his brother Peter, who was his successor.

progeny

In 1684 he married Praskowija Saltykowa (1664–1723), with whom he had five daughters:

• Maria (March 24, 1689 - February 14, 1692)
• Feodosiya (June 4, 1690 - May 12, 1691)
• Katharina (born October 30, 1691; † June 14, 1733) ⚭ 1716 Duke Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg and became the mother of Anna Leopoldowna
• Anna I (February 7, 1693; † October 28, 1740) ⚭ 1710 Duke Friedrich-Wilhelm of Courland (1692–1711), 1711–1730 Duchess of Courland, 1730–1740 Tsarina of Russia
• Praskovia (September 24, 1694 - October 8, 1731)

literature

• Hans-Joachim Torke (Ed.): The Russian Tsars 1547–1917. 2nd edition, CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-42105-9 .
• Edith M. Almedingen: The Romanows - The story of a dynasty, Russia 1613-1917. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-548-34952-8 .

Web links

Commons : Iwan V.  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Publications by and about Iwan V. in VD 17 .
• Biography in Krugosvet

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Article Ivan V in the Encyclopædia Britannica

predecessor	Office	successor
Fyodor III	Tsar of Russia 1682–1696	Peter I.