1635

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1635
Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern is taken prisoner.	Emperor Ferdinand II concludes the Peace of Prague with the German imperial estates .
Rembrandt van Rijn paints The Banquet of Belshazzar .
1635 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1083/84 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1627/28 (September 11-12)
Bengali solar calendar	1040/41 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2178/79 (southern Buddhism); 2177/78 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the wood pig乙亥 ( at the beginning of the year wood dog 甲戌)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	997/998 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3968/69 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1013/14 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1044/45 (June 16/17)
Jewish calendar	5395/96 (September 12-13)
Coptic calendar	1351/52 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar	810/811
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1945/46 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1946/47 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1691/92 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

The war in Europe

• February 25th : With the Treaty of Paris a pact of attack and defense against Spain is concluded between France and the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands , which - assuming they are conquered - provides for the partition of the Spanish Netherlands .
• March 26th : Spanish-Habsburg troops conquer Trier, held by France, in the Thirty Years War and capture the French-friendly Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern .
• April 30th : The Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna achieved amendments to the Paris Treaty of November 1, 1634 through a direct conversation with Cardinal Richelieu in France in the Treaty of Compiègne , which secured support in the war in Germany .
• May 19 : France declares war on Spain . After the defeat of the Swedes in the Battle of Nördlingen in September 1634, it opened a new round of fighting in the Thirty Years' War . The Habsburg-French antagonism continues to smolder.
• May 28th : Thirty Years War : In the Battle of Belfort, the French and Swedes defeat the troops of Duke Charles IV of Lorraine, who was on the imperial side .
• May 30 : The Peace of Prague ends the struggle between Emperor Ferdinand II and the Imperial Estates with the exception of Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar and Landgrave Wilhelm V von Hessen-Kassel in the Thirty Years War . In the empire, however, there is no peace because France and Sweden continue to fight the emperor in terms of power politics.

Map to the three leagues during the Bündner turmoil

• July 3 : Grisons turmoil : Duke Henri II of Rohan defeats the Austrian general Johann Franz von Barbitz , Baron von Fernamont, near Mazzo in Valtellina with French and Grisons troops .
• July 4th : General Octavio Piccolomini , who has entered service in Spain, succeeds in relieving the city of Leuven in Flanders . The French and Dutch fail with their siege and retreat to the area around Roermond .
• October 22nd : The Battle of Dömitz ends with a victory for Sweden over the Electorate of Saxony and brings new self-confidence to the Swedish army.
• October 26th / 27th : In the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between Louis XIII. and Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar it is arranged that the French treasury takes over the financing of the army of Sachsen-Weimar in Swedish service .
• October 31 : Grisons turmoil - Duke Henri II of Rohan defeats the Austrian general Johann Franz von Barbitz, Baron von Fernamont, near Bormio in Valtellina with French and Grisons troops .
• November 10th : Grisons turmoil - Duke Henri II of Rohan defeats the Spanish general Giovanni Serbelloni with French and Grisons troops , near Morbegno in the Valtellina, and thus finally drives the imperial troops out of the Three Leagues .

Other events in Europe

• September 12 : The Treaty of Stuhmsdorf between the Republic of Poland-Lithuania and the Kingdom of Sweden extends the Altmark armistice , which was initially limited to six years and ended the Swedish-Polish wars 1600–1629 , by 26 years.

Caribbean / America

Guadeloupe

• June 28 : The Caribbean island of Guadeloupe is formally declared a French colony by the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique .
• July: The French privateer Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc , first governor of Saint-Christophe , sails south after being expelled by the English and reaches the island of Martinique on September 15th . After landing in November, he founded the town of Saint-Pierre .

• Two slave ships are shipwrecked off the Caribbean island of St. Vincent : The Garifuna people emerge from the fleeing black Africans .
• John Winthrop, Jr. founds the Saybrook Colony at the mouth of the Connecticut River .

Japan

• The third ordinance to close Japan will prevent Japanese leaving the country from returning. Foreign trade is restricted to the port of Nagasaki .

science and technology

• January 29th : The Académie française for the exchange of ideas on art, literature and science is officially founded by the royal edict of Louis XIII. at the suggestion of Minister Cardinal Richelieu . The Académie initially held its meetings in secret with one of its members. Due to an indiscretion by the clergyman François Le Métel de Boisrobert , who is close to Cardinal Richelieu, the 40-member secret circle became known to the Cardinal.
• May 12 : Cardinal Péter Pázmány , Archbishop of Esztergom , founds a Jesuit college in Trnava , from which the Catholic Péter Pázmány University and today's Eötvös-Loránd University in Budapest develop. The reason for the choice of location is that a large part of Hungary is occupied by the Ottoman Empire, while Trnava is in the Habsburg-controlled part of the kingdom.

Culture

Visual arts

The handover of Breda

• Diego Velázquez paints the painting The Surrender of Breda or Las Lanzas in oil on canvas .
• Rembrandt van Rijn paints the paintings The Supper of Belshazzar and the Entombment of Christ .

music

• Heinrich Schütz begins composing the Musical Exequies for the funeral ceremony for Prince Heinrich Posthumus Reuss .
• Johann Bach becomes organist in Schweinfurt.
• Heinrich Bach became a council musician in Erfurt until 1641 .

Disasters

• Wattenscheid burns down completely.
• In the course of the Thirty Years War, the plague raged in Germany . Among other things, a plague cross is set up in Herne .

Historical maps and views

• 

  Willem Blaeu : Nova totius terrarum orbis geographica ac hydrographica tabula , Amsterdam 1635

• 

  Pomerania 1635 (Willem & Joan Blaeu, 1662)

• 

  Poland-Lithuania 1635

• 

  Venezuela 1635

Born

First half of the year

• January 13 : Philipp Jacob Spener , German Protestant theologian and one of the most famous exponents of Pietism († 1705 )
• January 23 : Johann Gabriel Löbel , glassworks owner and hammer owner († 1696 )
• January 24 : Rudolf Capell , German pedagogue, historian and philologist († 1684 )
• January 25 : Daniel Casper von Lohenstein , German playwright († 1683 )

• March 20 : Elisabeth Amalie of Hessen-Darmstadt , Electress of the Palatinate († 1709 )

• 0April 8 : Johann Christoph Hundeshagen , German logician and philosopher († 1681 )
• April 16 : Frans van Mieris the Elder , Dutch painter († 1681 )

• 0May 6 : Johann Joachim Becher , German chemist and doctor († 1682 )
• 0May 9 : August , Duke of Schleswig († 1699 )
• May 10 : Benedikt Abelzhauser , Bavarian Benedictine monk and scholar († 1717 )

• 0June 3 : Andrea Malinconico , Italian painter († 1698 )

Second half of the year

• July 28 : Robert Hooke , English naturalist († 1703 )

• August 27 : Michael Strauch , German mathematician († 1709 )

• September 11 : Johann Jakob Hofmann , Swiss theologian, classical philologist, historian and lexicographer († 1706 )

• 0October 4 : Gottfried Ulrich de la Margelle , auxiliary bishop in Cologne († 1703 )

• 0November 3 : Johann Christoph Sturm , respected astronomer and mathematician († 1703 )
• November 22nd : Andreas Gottfried Ammon , German theologian and educator († 1686 )
• November 22 : Francis Willughby , English naturalist († 1672 )
• November 27 : Françoise d'Aubigné , later Madame de Maintenon, mistress and secret wife of Louis XIV. († 1719 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• José Antolínez , Spanish painter († 1675 )
• Hans Albrecht von Barfus , Brandenburg-Prussian General Field Marshal († 1704 )
• Johannes Erb , Swiss Protestant clergyman († 1701 )
• Johann Ludwig Faber , German hymn poet († 1678 )
• Thomas Sprat , English bishop and author ( History of the Royal Society of London, 1667) († 1713 )
• Köprülü Fâzıl Ahmed , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire († 1676 )

Born around 1635

• Josef ben Abraham Athias , Jewish-Hebrew printer († around 1700 )
• Thomas Burnet , English theologian († 1715 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 14th : Heinrich Schickhardt , German builder of the Renaissance (* 1558 )
• January 31 : Bartholomäus Gölnitz , German legal scholar (* 1557 )

• 0February 5 : Joos de Momper , Flemish painter (* 1564 )
• February 16 : Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba , Spanish general (* 1585 )

• March 24th : Jacques Callot , French draftsman and etcher (* around 1592 )
• March 24th : Heinrich Gutberleth , German educator (* 1572 )

• April 21 : Valentin Riemer , German legal scholar (* 1582 )

• May 17th : Domenico Tintoretto , Venetian painter (* 1560 )
• May 18 : Levin Ludwig von Hahn , court official and soldier (* 1579 )

• June 23 : Greta Bünichmann , victim of the witch trials in Münster (* before 1621 )

Second half of the year

• July 15 : Luke Fox , English explorer (* 1586 )
• July 30th : Daniel Engelhardt , German theologian (* 1569 )

• 0August 7th : Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld , German theologian and poet (* 1591 )
• 0August 9 : Johann II , Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (* 1584 )
• August 16 : Daniel Colonius the Elder , Dutch Reformed theologian (* 1566 )
• August 18 : Heinrich Hirtzwig , German pedagogue and playwright (* around 1587 )
• August 27 : Lope de Vega , important Spanish poet (* 1562 )

• September 30 : Kanō Sanraku , Japanese painter (* 1559 )

• October 23 : Wilhelm Schickard , Professor of Biblical Languages, Astronomy and Mathematics (* 1592 )

• 0November 1 : Johann Bernhard Gottsleben , Protestant clergyman in Frohnhausen and Dillenburg (* 1595 )
• November 12th : Julius Wilhelm Zincgref , German writer (* 1591 )
• November 29th : Ambrosius Schlumpf , Swiss Mayor (* 1573 )

• December 13 : Heinrich II , Prince of Gera (* 1572 )
• December 24th : Hester Jonas , victim of the witch hunt (* around 1570 )
• December 25th : Samuel de Champlain , French explorer and colonizer (* 1574 )

Exact date of death unknown

• March: Thomas Randolph , English poet (* 1605 )

• Āghā Rezā-e Abbāsi , Persian miniature painter (* approx. 1570 )
• Johann von Ahlefeldt , heir of Stendorf, Nüchel and district administrator (* 1584 )
• Niklaus Henzi , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1571 )
• Thomas James , English navigator (* 1593 )

Web links

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