1595

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1595
Mehmed III. becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire .	Alvaro de Mendaña de Neyra discovers the Marquesas Islands.
The first siege of Groenlo by Moritz of Orange in the Eighty Years' War ends without success.
1595 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1043/44 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1587/88 (turn of the year 11/12 September)
Bengali solar calendar	1000/1001 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2138/39 (southern Buddhism); 2137/38 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	71st (72nd) cycle Year of the wood sheep乙未 ( at the beginning of the year wood horse 甲午)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	957/958 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3928/29 (2-3 October)
Iranian calendar	973/974
Islamic calendar	1003/04 (New Year 5th / 6th September)
Jewish calendar	5355/56 (September 3-4)
Coptic calendar	1311/12 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar	770/771
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1905/06 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1906/07 (New Year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1651/52 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Europe

• March 18 : With the dismissal of the city council appointed by Count Edzard II of East Friesland , the Emden revolution begins , at the end of which Emden becomes a quasi-autonomous city republic with the Treaty of Delfzijl on July 15 . Edzard has to move his residence to Aurich .

Marino Grimani

• April 2 : Pasquale Cicogna , 88th Doge of Venice , dies. The election of his successor takes 71 ballots and lasts 24 days. On April 26th, 62-year-old Marino Grimani was elected Doge . He is introduced to his office with the usual ceremonies and wins followers through generous gifts.
• May 18 : The Teusina peace between Sweden and Russia ends a 25-year state of war. Swedish-Finland will gain access to the Arctic Ocean by moving the border to the east. Russia recognizes the Swedish possession of Estonia and Narwas, but with Jam , Koporje and Ivangorod is regaining important positions on the Gulf of Finland, as well as on the Karelian Isthmus ( Kexholm ).
• May 27 : In the Battle of Clontibret , during the Nine Years' War , the royal English troops of Elizabeth I succumb to the Irish rebels under Hugh O'Neill , 2nd Earl of Tyrone for the first time .
• June 14th to 24th : The siege of Groenlo by Dutch troops under the command of Moritz of Orange during the Eighty Years' War ends with the arrival of a Spanish relief army under Cristóbal de Mondragón .

• Reute or Reütti is first mentioned in a document.

Ottoman Empire

• January 16 : After the death of Murad III. follows Mehmed III. as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire . In order to avoid disputes over the throne, he had his 19 younger brothers murdered according to Ottoman tradition.

Voyages of discovery

• March 22 : Sir Walter Raleigh discovered on Trinidad the Pitch Lake .
• July 21 : Alvaro de Mendaña de Neyra discovers the Marquesas Islands in the Pacific.

economy

• The first Fleute , a merchant ship with a particularly large cargo space, is launched in the Netherlands in the city of Hoorn . The appearance of the flute type of ship triggers a revolution in shipping and shipbuilding and has lasting economic consequences throughout Europe.

science and technology

• A fleet of four ships under the command of Cornelis de Houtman sails via Madagascar to East Asia, the first Dutch East India expedition . Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser is the navigator on one of these ships. He was commissioned by the cartographer Petrus Plancius to make observations of the deep southern sky, as the Europeans do not yet have any reliable data on the stars in these regions. Of the 249 participants, only 87 returned alive by 1597 .
• The Ratsgymnasium Osnabrück is inaugurated.

Culture

Visual arts

The old town hall

• The architect Anton van Obberghen built the Old Town Hall in the old town of Gdansk .
• around 1595: The Nordertor in Flensburg is built.
• around 1594/1595 : Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio paints one of his early masterpieces: Rest on the Flight into Egypt .

The Rest on the Flight into Egypt (ca.1595)

literature

Title page barrel poem 1595

Anton Praetorius , pastor in the village of Dittelsheim and later fighter against witch trials and torture , who last year made a trip to Heidelberg to the stronghold of the Reformed faith, wrote a precise description of the dimensions of the large barrel of Heidelberg Castle and praised it in his Reformed one Vas Heidelbergense is a poem dedicated to Elector Friedrich IV as visible evidence of the superiority of the Calvinist faith.

• Abraham ben Mattatijah asked Sheva publishes the Koie book in Verona , an old Yiddish collection of fables , which is an important work of Yiddish literature .
• Edmund Spenser writes the first Epithalamion in English, which he wrote as a present to his wife for his own wedding. His poem follows the sequence of the hours of his wedding day and night in an elaborate arrangement of stanzas and verses, combining pagan mythology, Christian dogma and the local Irish environment.

society

• The magnificent Naqsch-e Dschahān , commissioned by the Persian Shah Abbas I, southwest of his future capital, Isfahan , will be completed after five years of construction.

• 1595/ 1596 : With the Rasphuis is in Amsterdam the first prison set up for men.

Disasters

• Severe floods in many German cities

Historical maps and views

World map by Jodocus Hondius 1595 with Drake's world tour

Ubbo Emmius :
Map of East Frisia 1595

Gerhard Mercator : Map of the North Pole 1595, published posthumously

Born

First half of the year

• January 7 : Elisabeth Beling , German founder († 1679 )
• January 26 : Antonio Maria Abbatini , Italian composer († 1679 )
• February 18 : Johann Böhme , German sculptor († 1667 )
• March 1 : Menno Hanneken , German Lutheran theologian († 1671 )

• April 14th : Hempo von dem Knesebeck , member of the "Fruit Bringing Society" († 1656 )
• April 30 : Henri II. De Montmorency , French military leader, grand admiral, marshal, viceroy and governor († 1632 )

• May 27 : Benedikt Carpzov , criminalist and witch theorist († 1666 )
• June 9 : Władysław IV. Wasa , King of Poland, de facto Tsar of Russia († 1648 )

Second half of the year

• July 31 : Count Philipp Wolfgang von Hanau-Lichtenberg , Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg († 1641 )

• October 18 : Lucas van Uden , Flemish painter and etcher († 1672 )
• November 13 : Georg Wilhelm , Elector of Brandenburg († 1640 )
• November 25 : Johann Praetorius , German composer and organist († 1660 )
• November 25th : Johann Konrad Varnbuler , Württemberg diplomat († 1657 )
• November 30 : Friedrich Buchmann , Swiss Mayor († 1670 )

• December 4 : Jean Chapelain , French writer († 1674 )
• December 11th : Kaspar Ebel , German educator, logician and metaphysician († 1664 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• John Felton , English Puritan († 1628 )
• William Blaxton , early European settler in New England († 1675 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 16 : Murad III. , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (* 1546 )
• January 24 : Ferdinand II , Prince Count of Tyrol (* 1529 )
• March 15 : Vincenzo Gaggini , Sicilian sculptor (* 1527 )

The grave of Pasquale Cicognas

• April 2 : Pasquale Cicogna , 88th Doge of Venice (* 1509 )

Torquato Tasso

• April 25 : Torquato Tasso , Italian poet (* 1544 )

• May 9 : Johann Friedrich II. The Middle , Duke of Saxony (* 1529 )
• May 25 : Valens Acidalius , German humanist (* 1567 )
• May 26 : Philipp Neri , Roman saint, founder of the oratory (* 1515 )

• June 20 : Magnus Gustavsson Wasa , Swedish prince and Duke of Östergötland (* 1542 )
• June 25 : William Aubrey , Welsh lawyer ( b.1529 )
• June 26 : Hermann Hamelmann , Lutheran theologian and historian (* 1526 )

• July 26 : Augustin Cranach , German painter (* 1554 )
• July 31 : Hartwig Schmidenstet , German rhetorician (* 1539 )

António of Crato

• August 26th : António von Crato , Portuguese nobleman who proclaimed himself King of Portugal in 1580 (* 1531 )
• September 1st : Elisabeth Magdalene , Margravine of Brandenburg and Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (* 1537 )
• September 3 : Philipp von Nassau , Dutch military (* 1566 )

• October 18 : Alvaro de Mendaña de Neyra , Spanish explorer and navigator (* 1541 )
• October 23 : Luigi Gonzaga , Duke of Nevers and Duke of Rethel (* 1539 )

• November 12th : John Hawkins , English navigator (* 1532 )
• November 23 : Clara von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Abbess of the Imperial Free Secular Imperial Monastery of Gandersheim and Duchess of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (* 1532 )

• December 4 : William Whitaker , English Reformed theologian and professor (* 1548 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Simone Gatto , Italian conductor and composer (* 1545 )
• Jeremias II , Patriarch of Constantinople (* 1536 )

Web links

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