1566

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Calendar overview 1566
1566
Failure during the siege of Szigetvár
Both Sultan Suleyman I and Nikola Šubić Zrinski perish during the siege of Szigetvár .
Sultan II Selim Han
Selim II becomes Sultan of
the Ottoman Empire .
Arcimboldo: The lawyer
Giuseppe Arcimboldo paints,
among other things, the picture The Jurist .
1566 in other calendars
Armenian calendar 1014/15 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar 1558/59
Buddhist calendar 2109/10 (southern Buddhism); 2108/09 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar 71st (72nd) cycle

Year of the fire tiger丙寅 ( at the beginning of the year wood buffalo 乙丑)

Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) 928/929 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea) 3899/3900 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar 944/945
Islamic calendar 973/974 (turn of the year 18/19 July)
Jewish calendar 5326/27 (September 13-14)
Coptic calendar 1282/83
Malayalam calendar 741/742
Seleucid era Babylon: 1876/77 (turn of the year April)

Syria: 1877/78 (turn of the year October)

Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) 1622/23 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Eighty Years War

  • April 5: A petition from the Dutch nobility to Margaret of Parma to mitigate the religious edicts and repeal the Inquisition and end the persecution of Protestants as well as the restoration of their class freedoms ( Nobility Compross of Breda ) is largely accepted by the Spanish governor with the promise, to forward the edict to King Philip of Spain . At the handover, Count Charles de Berlaymont allegedly whispers in Margarethe of Parma's ear, “She shouldn't be afraid of a bunch of beggars (gueux)”. At this point in time, this group consisted of two hundred mounted men who peacefully entered Brussels to hand over the petition. During a subsequent festival of the supplicants, Heinrich von Brederode proposed the designation Geusen for the members allied in the struggle for freedom and adopted it by those gathered. Also present are William I of Orange and Count Lamoral von Egmond and Philippe de Montmorency, Count von Horn . As a visible sign of the Confederation, the members wear gray beggar's robes while they are in Brussels.
  • August 10: Protestants destroy religious images in a chapel in Steenvoorde as the prelude to the Dutch War of Independence . The example will be followed by further campaigns in Catholic churches in Flanders until October .

Holy Roman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Southern Europe

  • March 28th: ​​Six months after the end of the siege of Malta by the Ottomans , Jean de la Valette , Grand Master of the Order of Malta , lays the foundation stone for the fortress town of Valetta , located behind Fort St Elmo . The plans for the geometric layout of the fortification walls and the right-angled road network were made by the Italian architect and fortress builder Francesco Laparelli . The design and completion of the individual fortress elements are largely left to the Maltese assistant Laparellis, Gerolamo Cassar .

Scotland
David Rizzio

science and technology

The Corputius plan from 1566 shows Duisburg based on exact geographic measurements.
  • MARCH 25: John Corputius publishes the eponymous plan of the city of Duisburg from the air.
  • Noe Meurer publishes his Practica of deß Cammer Rechts -ordnung vnd Proceß , the first systematic presentation of the process before the Reich Chamber Court .

Culture

Jacopo Tintoretto

Tintoretto: Crucifixion

The Venetian painter Jacopo Tintoretto completes the work The Crucifixion in oil on canvas . The painting, for which Tintoretto was paid 250 ducats on March 9, immediately became famous. It forms the climax of a passion cycle, which also includes the paintings Christ before Pilate , The Crowning of Thorns and The Walk to the Calvary .

Giuseppe Arcimboldo

The Renaissance painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo , court painter to Emperor Maximilian II in Vienna, produced the painting The Jurist in oil on canvas , which possibly depicts Johannes Calvin , but more likely Johann Ulrich Zasius , who was in charge of the imperial court finances at the time.

Arcimboldo also produced the Four Elements series of paintings for Emperor Maximilian II . Like Der Jurist , they are so-called composite heads: Each head is made up of objects or animals typical for the respective element : birds for air, torches, candles, cannons, etc. for fire, mammals for earth and marine animals for water. The pictures are shown as bust pictures in profile, with two heads each looking to the right and left. The four pictures correspond to the pictures of the four seasons from 1563 .

  • The air (copy)

  • The water

  • The fire

  • The earth

Pieter Bruegel

The sermon of John the Baptist

The Dutch Renaissance painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder paints the painting The Sermon of John the Baptist in oil on oak . The picture after a scene from the Gospels according to Matthew and Luke shows the sermon of John the Baptist , who just refers to his successor Jesus .

The Bethlehem Census

Another oil painting by Bruegel this year is The Bethlehem Census . The artist relocates the biblical events to a wintry Flemish village.

religion

Pius V in a representation by El Greco
  • January 7th: The Conclave elects Grand Inquisitor Antonio Michele Ghislieri to succeed Pius IV, who died at the end of the previous year, as Pope . He takes the name Pius V on. His exemplary way of life, his modesty and simplicity, but also his zeal and inclination to be interested in all people's concerns, together with his reforms not only affecting the church, soon earned him the worship of the people, initially through elections a representative of the Inquisition who is considered to be relentless is appalled.
  • October 18: Ernst of Bavaria is not yet twelve years old and is elected Bishop of Freising . Pope Pius V agrees that the descendant from the House of Wittelsbach should take office .
  • Construction work on the new church of Santa Maria in Traspontina in Rome begins. The old church was closed in 1564 due to the expansion of the fortifications of the Castel Sant'Angelo . The church was not completed until 1668.
Traces of the iconoclasm in Utrecht Cathedral
  • August: In the Netherlands, so-called fence sermons ( hedge sermons ) lead to an iconoclasm by radical Calvinists lasting several days , during which more than 400 churches are devastated.

Disasters

Historical maps and views

Zurich 1566

Born

Date of birth saved

James VI. of Scotland as a boy, around 1580
  • June 19: James I , King of England, as James VI. also King of Scotland († 1625)
  • June 20: Sigismund III. Wasa , King of Poland and Titular King of Sweden († 1632)
  • July 1: Bartholomäus Anhorn , Swiss pastor and historian († 1642)
  • July 9: Johann Ernst , Duke of Saxony-Eisenach († 1638)
Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia 1573

Exact date of birth unknown

Born around 1566

  • William Brewster , Church Elder of the Separatist Congregationalists on board the Mayflower († 1644)

Died

Date of death secured

Michel de Nostredame
Portrait of Suleyman the Magnificent , Titian ca.1530

Died around 1566

  • John Halle , English surgeon, poet and author of medical treatises (* around 1529)

Web links

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