Noe Meurer

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Noe Meurer (* between 1525 and 1528 in Memmingen ; † 1583 in Heidelberg ) was an important German legal scholar of the 16th century. He was the first to write legal treatises in German on, among other things, inheritance law and water law . He was the first to systematically present the process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce. In addition, he was the first German author to write independent works exclusively on the subjects of forest and hunting , that is, not under the main topic of agriculture , which is why he was of great importance for forest management in the 16th century.

Spellings of the name

Several variants are guaranteed for the spelling of Noe Meurer's name: Noe Meürer , Noä Meurer , Noah Meurer , Noa Meurern , Noah Meurerus , Noe Meuwrer and Noe Mewrer as well as - mostly in foreign literature to emphasize the pronunciation of the first name - also Noé Meurer or Noë Meurer .

Live and act

Noe Meurer came from the former free imperial city of Memmingen in Swabia, the son of a town clerk . He was likely born in 1525, but some sources also indicate 1527 or 1528. After studying in Tübingen (1545) and earning his doctorate in Siena (1548), he became an attorney and notary at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer in 1549 . From 1549 until his death in 1583 he was also the Palatine court judge in Heidelberg and from 1553 to 1557 he was also the ducal councilor of Württemberg in Stuttgart . From 1557 to 1563 he worked again as an assessor at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer. In his Practica von deß Cammer Rechts -ordnung vnd Proceß in 1566 he was the first to systematically deal with the process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce.

His main work is the treatise Liberey keyserlicher, also Teutscher Nation Landt- und Statt Recht (1582), which also contains a fundamental treatise on inheritance law , and - like other writings of Meurer - repeatedly updated over the next two centuries and became so formative for German legal history . This was also due to the fact that Meurer was one of the first lawyers to write not at all in the learned language of Latin , but consistently in German. His good German and the clarity of his style are repeatedly emphasized in later studies.

During his work in the service of the Electorate of the Palatinate, Meurer probably contributed most to the drafting of state laws. His extensive literary work is largely related to this main task. He participated in the 1582 published Palatine Landesordnung , and the few months later appeared Palatine land rights decisively. In Heidelberg he also dealt with the processing of the forest regulations for the Bavarian Upper Palatinate from 1565 and for the Rhine Palatinate from 1576. As an excellent expert on Imperial Roman Law , he was able to implement and develop it independently. He showed more respect for German customary law than most of the learned lawyers of his time. He also wrote about common law in German.

Meurer's writings had a great influence on the forestry of his time. Most famous were his books Von Forstlicher Oberherrligkeit vnnd Gerechtigkeit (1560) and Jag vnd Forstrecht (1576). In the work of 1560 he had already compiled the most important forestry rules of the early 16th century. He sat down in it for protection against forest pasture , for natural regeneration by over container and boundary insemination as well as deciduous and Nadelholzsaat one. Through his work in Heidelberg he was aware of correspondence between the elector and the imperial city of Nuremberg about experiments with coniferous seeds in the Nuremberg imperial forest . He took over the experiences from Nuremberg in part literally in his books, but also in the forest regulations he worked on. Since the seeds were still not very widespread in forest management at the time and the afforestation of desolate areas and lost fields were an urgent need, his publications had a corresponding effect and significance.

In Von Forstlicher Oberherrligigkeit vnnd Gerechtigkeit the first reports about forest maintenance in the form of thinning can be found . Meurer emphasizes their favorable influence on the growth of the remaining trees. However, Meurer mainly dealt with legal aspects in his book. He defended the stately hunting law , but sharply criticized the excesses of hunting, especially the damage caused by game in the forest and agriculture. He clearly pointed out the burden placed on farmers by game and hunting and advocated a reduction in game populations:

“If only the Lords want to remember with a certain conscience, then it is not necessary, so they heap up and whitewash jre kue, but it is enough for them to be satisfied with less wild preths for every pleasure . Then it follows from this that the wild preth will find its better narration of the poor harm in forests and that the fruit may be preserved for poor and common use, which particular people can use in all directions. (...) Ultimately, however, I give these points, as the most difficult for the poor, every forest lord himself takes up his conscience, so to stick to this as he is responsible for it against God, and that the poor subjects nevertheless also pale Customers."

In his book Jag vnd Forstrecht in 1576 Meurer dealt with the planting of woody plants in addition to the seeds. He once again paid great attention to thinning, but also to field control. He already differentiated between two classes of operation for forest stands, namely construction and firewood , for the elimination of which he consulted the stocking and location conditions. Meurer rejected plenter forest management and preferred the field economy with beech and oak overhang for rejuvenation. The primary regeneration method for him was still the coniferous seed.

Even though Meurer was not a forestry practitioner and did not write for them, but primarily for cameramen , he must be regarded as the most important forestry author of the entire 16th century. He was the first German author who did not treat forest and hunting as a partial aspect of agriculture in his writings , but treated it independently. And he wrote his treatises in German, which made them accessible to the general public. Meurer's writings are now indispensable primary and secondary sources on legal and forest history.

Fonts

  • Of forest sovereignty and justice. What rights, uses, and equity can do ... etc. Pforzheim 1560.
  • Practica of the Cammer Court Regulations and Proceß ... etc. 2 volumes. Frankfurt 1566.
  • Wasser Recht Vnnd Gerechtigkait for the famous vnd Goltreichen Rheinstrams: Like the same as a judge, on the shore, now give to one and nemme to another; Something from Iseln, Awen, Wäiten, also Beth or belly of the Rhine, sampled other ... pertinent righteousness ... The other treatise from the Rhine, also other ships, and with ships, communities, and Eygenes, flowing and stylish stretches, rivers and waters ... etc. Frankfurt am Main 1570.
  • Jag vnd forest law. That is: The establishment of Chur and Princely Lands, also graffs and rulers, and other authorities, area, of fouling and chopping of the forests and wooded areas, also the wild banks, fishing and whatever is attached, such as the rights common to the aristocratic and the princely, use and opportunity To keep in good order, and to serve in better form: There are also a number of good consilia to come, as they have been referred to in several matters pertaining to the Highly Praised Royal Chamber Court, and have been decided with judgment ... etc. Frankfurt am Main 1576.
  • Loci commvnes of all of the Holy Roman Empire orders, held imperial days and farewells, common titles ... in three parts ... divided ... etc. 3 volumes, Mainz 1578.
  • Handbook, or Compendium. In it summary ... and each ... Reichs farewell, orders and constitutiones, from the first Roman Keyser on, bit up ... Rudolph the Others ... moved together ... etc. Mainz 1580.
  • Liberey Keyserlicher. Teutscher Nation Landt and Instead of Law. That is: a decent and very useful description; First of the common royal law; On the other hand, as generally agreed at the highly commendable Keyserlichen Cammergericht ... etc. Frankfurt am Main and Heidelberg 1582.
  • Thesaurus juris caesarii et constitutionum imperii Germanici di Keyserliche Chur and princes, also graphic horror ... law, habits and practice ... etc. Frankfurt am Main 1586.

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Meurer, Noe
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Meürer, Noe; Meurer, Noä; Meurer, Noah; Meurern, Noa; Meurerus, Noah; Meuwrer, Noe; Mewrer, Noe; Meurer, Noé; Meurer, Noë
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and author
DATE OF BIRTH between 1525 and 1528
PLACE OF BIRTH Memmingen
DATE OF DEATH 1583
Place of death Heidelberg