Jan Jessenius

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Jan Jessenius

Jan Jessenius , also Jan Jesenský and Johannes Jessen (ius) as well as Jessenius de Magna Jessen , Ioannes Jesenius , Ján Jesenský , Jan Jesensky a Jesen , Johann Jessenski von Jessen (* December 27, 1566 in Breslau ; † June 21, 1621 in Prague ) , was a German medic , politician and philosopher of Slovak descent from Bohemia .

Life

Jan was the son of Balthasar Jessenský , a nobleman from the Turz (place "Welke Jaseno", today part of Turčianske Jaseno ) in Royal Hungary , who fled from the Turks from Buda to Wroclaw.

Jan attended the Elisabethgymnasium in Breslau and studied medicine from 1583, first in Wittenberg , then in Leipzig and finally in Padua in 1588 , where he received his doctorate in 1591.

Jan Jessenius, silver medal 1618

In 1593 Jessenius worked for a short time as a doctor in his native city of Breslau, then he was appointed personal physician to the Saxon Elector Christian II , and in the following year he was professor of surgery and then that of anatomy at the University of Wittenberg . In 1600 Jessenius went to Prague , where he carried out the first public autopsy in the Bohemian lands and thus caused a great stir. He was a scholar and medical advisor at the court of Emperor Rudolf II and later also the personal physician of the ailing monarch. In 1601 he gave the funeral oration for the imperial court mathematician, Tycho Brahe, who died prematurely under circumstances that were not entirely clear . In July 1609, Jessenius enrolled in the matriculation of the university during a stay in Rostock . At that time he was the personal physician of the Hungarian King Matthias II . From his excellent position, Jessenius made various contacts to important representatives of the Bohemian gentry , for example to Karl the Elder. Ä. from Žerotín . In 1617 he was elected rector of Charles University in Prague . He advocated that the academy , which had only existed a shadowy existence since the Hussite Revolution , would be expanded into a complete university again. In 1619, Jessenius wrote a memorandum to the General Assembly of the Bohemian Lands, which was meeting in Prague, about the renovation of Charles University. In the same year he also entered the service of the newly elected Bohemian King Friedrich von der Pfalz .

Jan Jessenius was not only an important physician who also fought for the equality of surgery with medicine, but also worked as a politician on the Protestant side during the uprising in Bohemia . After the second lintel in Prague , he was sent to the Hungarian Diet on a diplomatic mission by the estate directory in 1618 . Ferdinand II had him arrested as a rebel in Pressburg and taken to prison in Vienna. In December he was released in exchange for two Habsburg supporters who were imprisoned in Prague. According to a legend, Jessenius left the inscription IMMMM on the wall in his cell in Vienna . Ferdinand interpreted this as I mperator M atthias M ense M artio M orietur (German: Emperor Matthias is in March dying ) what actually happened in the following year. The Habsburg added a second interpretation: I esseni M entiris M ala M orte M orieris (German: Jessenius, you are lying and you will die a terrible death ). This prophecy was fulfilled Ferdinand themselves by the Jessenius after the defeat of the insurgents Battle of White Mountain at the Prague Old Market behead left.

Fonts

  • De mithridatio et theriaca, Disputatio Wittenberg (Stephanus Marcellus Austrius) 1598; Reprint Gießen 1614.
  • Anatomiae, Pragae anno 1600 abs se solenniter administratae historia. Wite [n] bergae 1601.
    • Czech translation: Jan Jessenius z Jasené: Průběh pitvy jím slavnostně provedené v Praze LP MDC, k níž byl přičleněn Traktát o kostech. Prague 2004
  • De ossibus tractatus. Wite [n] bergae 1601. ISBN 80-246-0922-3
    • Slovak translation: Traktát o kostiach. Martin 1981
Anatomia (1600)
  • De vita et morte Tychonis Brahei oratio funebris. Pragae 1601.
  • Institutiones Chirurgicae quibus universa manu medendi ratio ostenditur. Wite [n] bergae 1601. (with contributions by: Melchior Ioestelius, Adam Theodor Siberus, Daniel Sennert, Ambrosius Gertnerus and Jacob Typotius).
    • German version: Instructions for wound medicine, in which all and every kind and manner are instructed to heal through the surgical procedures. Nuremberg 1674.
  • De anima et corpore universi. Pragae 1605.
  • De generationis et vitae humanae periodis. 1610
  • Divorum imperatorum… Ferdinandi I and Maximiliani II. Progenies augusta. Francofurtum 1613.
  • Matthiae Austriaci coronatio in brem Hungariae. [Hanover 1613].
  • De sanguine vena secta demisso judicium. Daniel Sedesanus [Sedlčanský], Prague 1618
    • Reprint and Slovak translation with the Latin text: František Šimon and others: Ján Jessenius, O krvi. Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (Univerzita PJ Šafárika v Košiciach), Košice 2007.
    • new edition with detailed commentary: D. Johannis a Jessen Equ. Hung. de Sanguine, Vena Secta, dimisso Judicium, Notis et Castigationibus ad hodierna et vera Artis medicae principia accomodatum a Jacobo Pancratio Brunone. Nuremberg 1668.
  • Ad Regni Boemiae, Simulque Coniunctarum, Faederatarum Provinciarum, Marchionatus Moraviae, Ducatus Silesiae, & Marchionatus Lusatiae, Inclitos Ordines: De Restauranda Antiquissima Pragensi Academia, Rectoris Jessenii… Exhortatio. Congregatis Pragae, Mense Augusto, Anni MDCXIX. exhibita. (= German: On the Kingdom of Boheimb / and the same incorporated Landen / alß Marggraffthumbs Mährern / Hertzogthumbs Schlesien / Marggraffsthumbs Laußnitzs / laudable estates, because of renewal / the old Prague University, vermanung / from the same Rectorn Docter Jessenio, besides his colleges Assembly, at Prague, in August month, the 1619th year / handed over.) Pragae 1619.
  • Legationis in regiis Ungaror. comitiis proximis, nomine evangelicorum regni Boehmiae ordinum, a Jessenio… obitae, Renunciatio. Pragae 1619.
    • German version: Abandonment of the Legation, on the last held Royal Diet, in Hungary, on behalf of the Evangelical Estates of the Kingdom of Boheim / Von Doct. Jessen performed ... First printed in Latin in Prague, but now in Hochteutsch ... interpreted. 1619
  • Oratio parresiastica, qua auxilia a rege et ordinibus Ungariae petuntur, habita Neo-Solii in comitiis. Zaragoza 1621.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ See the entry of Jan Jessenius' matriculation in the Rostock matriculation portal
  2. ^ Ralf Bröer: Johannes Jessenius , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition 2006, Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York p. 187. Ärztelexikon 2006 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .

literature

  • Josef Polišenský : Jan Jesenský-Jessenius . Prague 1965
  • Maria Bokesová-Úherová: Ján Jessenius. Velký humanistický ucenec a bojovnik (1566–1621) . Na 350. výrocie smrti. Bratislava 1971.
  • Josef Polišenský: Jan Jesenský-Jessenius (Study s ukázkami z díla. S dokumentárními obrazovými přílohami). Prague 1965
  • Friedel Pick: Joh. Jessenius de magna Jessen. Doctor and rector in Wittenberg and Prague, executed on June 21, 1621. A portrait from the time of the Thirty Years' War . (= Studies on the History of Medicine. 15). Leipzig 1926.
  • Friedel Pick: Memorandum from Rector Johannes Jessenius von Groß-Jessen to the General Parliament of 1619 on the renovation of the University of Prague . Prague 1920. (Contains the original text from: "De restaurando antiquissima Pragensi academia ...")
  • Johann Henrich Reitz : History of the Reborn, Part 5 , Second History / By Johanne Jessenio, famous Doctor Medicinae, and by Georg Balthasar / a simple-minded farmer in Bohemia . 1726
  • László Ruttkay: Jeszensky (Jessenius) János és kora1566-1621 . Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum és Könyvtár, Budapest 1971
  • L'udo Zúbek: Doctor Jesenius, Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó . Budapest 1966
  • L'udo Zúbek: Doctor Jesenius, Szlovákiai Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó-Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó . Bratislava (Pozsony) -Budapest, 1958
  • August Hirsch:  Jessen, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 785 f.
  • Heinz Röhrich:  Jessen, Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 425 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Jeßinski or Iessenius, Ioann. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 14, Leipzig 1735, Col. 463.

Appreciation

watch TV

  • In 1983 Czechoslovak television shot a five-part television series about Jan Jesenský. The title was: Lekár umierajúceho času (German: Doctor of a dying time - The life of Jan Jessenius) . It was also broadcast on GDR television in 1987. Petr Čepek played the title role .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Jessenius, Jan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jesenius, Ioannes; Jessen, Johannes; Jesenský, Ján
SHORT DESCRIPTION Medic, politician and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1566
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1621
PLACE OF DEATH Prague