Esztergom
| Esztergom | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Central Transdanubia | ||||
| County : | Komárom-Esztergom | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Esztergom | ||||
| District since 1.1.2013 : | Esztergom | ||||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 47 ' N , 18 ° 44' E | ||||
| Height : | 105 m | ||||
| Area : | 100.35 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 30,858 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 308 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 33 | ||||
| Postal code : | 2500-2509 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 25131 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Mayor : | Adam Hernadi (Fidesz-KDNP) | ||||
| Postal address : | Széchenyi tér 1 2500 Esztergom |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Esztergom [ ˈɛstɛrgom ] (Latin Solva , German Gran , Slovak Ostrihom , Latinized Strigonium ) is a city in northern Hungary ( Komárom-Esztergom County ), on the Danube . From the 10th to the middle of the 13th century it was the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary . The Danube forms the border with Slovakia , where the sister city of Štúrovo is located.
history
Esztergom is one of the oldest cities in Hungary. The first known settlers were Celts of the late Latène period (150 BC - 30/0 BC) on the prominent castle hill.
After the occupation of the country, the Romans built the Esztergom fort on the same place with a settlement around the mountain and named the place Solva mansio . After the Migration Period, Slavs settled in the ruins of the fort . The place now called Ostrihom or Latinized Strigonium was one of the central castle complexes of the Principality of Neutra and Great Moravia . Its German name Gran is derived from the river name Hron (Gran), which flows into the Danube across from Esztergom.
After the arrival of the Magyars in this area at the beginning of the 10th century, Esztergom became the seat of Grand Duke Géza towards the end of the same century and then one of the main seats of Hungarian rulers until the end of the 12th century. After the great Slav uprising of 983 , Emperor Otto III. (980–1002) 1001/1002 the Archbishopric of Gran for the Christianization of the country, which until the 18th century largely corresponded to today's Slovakia and was considered the main ecclesiastical province of the Kingdom of Hungary - the Archbishop of Gran bore the title Primate of Hungary . Almost at the same time as the creation of the diocese, Stephan I was crowned King of Hungary in 1000/1001. The first royal palace, which also included a Christian basilica , was built on the castle hill . Under St Stephen also created Esztergom County .
The siege of Esztergom at Christmas 1241 in the Mongol storm led to the destruction of the then capital and Buda to the capital.
When the city was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1543 to 1683 , Trnava (Tyrnau) (in fact Pressburg (Bratislava)) was the seat of the Archbishop of Esztergom. The archbishop returned to Esztergom at the beginning of the 18th century. After the liberation from the Turks , the city was completely devastated and had to be repopulated. The large number of these settlers consisted of Germans and Slovaks.
It was not until 1708 that the city was declared a royal free city.
The Nibelungenlied has a relation to the city: The Nibelungen or Burgundy procession led from Worms to Esztergom / Gran. The city is therefore also called Nibelungenstadt .
Attractions
The city is dominated by the largest classical basilica in the country, built by the architect József Hild from 1838 to 1846 , the Cathedral of the Assumption and St. Adalbert , one of the largest churches in Europe, which is visible from afar on the castle hill . It is the largest Catholic cathedral in Hungary with a Renaissance chapel attached to the basilica. The basilica is known as the seat of the Primate of Hungary - the Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest - also caput, mater et magistra ecclesiarum hungariae (head, mother and teacher of the Hungarian churches).
To the south, the royal palace, built in the 11th century and expanded in the 12th century, borders the basilica. In 1256 it became the residence of the archbishops.
The city is home to numerous important museums, libraries and archives. The Keresztény Múzeum (Christian Museum) and the Cathedral Treasury ( Főszékesegyházi Kincstár ), the richest such collection in the country, are particularly significant . The Cathedral Library ( Főszékesegyházi Könyvtár or Bibliothéka ) is the oldest, richest and largest ecclesiastical library in Hungary.
The Danube bridge, which connects Esztergom with Štúrovo ( Slovakia ), was blown up by German troops during World War II and was impassable until 2001. Reconstruction work began in 2000 and was completed in 2001, and since then there have been no more ferries between the neighboring communities. The Maria Valeria Bridge is now used again as a regional border crossing into Slovakia. (see list of Danube bridges ).
Facilities
De jure, Esztergom is the seat of the Hungarian Constitutional Court (Magyarország Alkotmánybírósága) .
economy
The Japanese Suzuki Motor Corporation founded the Hungarian subsidiary Magyar Suzuki Zrt in 1991 . in Esztergom and built a branch here for the production of small cars.
religion
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest .
Churches in Esztergom
- Esztergom Cathedral
- St. Stephan (Szent István- or Kertvárosi templom)
- Ferenc temple
- St. Anna Church
- St. Peter and Paul (Belvárosi templom)
- St. George (Szentgyörgymezei templom)
- Church in the water town with the Christian Museum (Keresztény Múzeum)
- Greek Orthodox Church
- synagogue
- eh. St. Adalbert (destroyed)
traffic
Esztergom has a small, mostly privately used airport and a port on the Danube. There are also 632 buses daily in Esztergom. Train traffic is also important in the city, as a regional line from Budapest ends here.
Regular events
- Esztergom International Guitar Festival
- Fesztergom
- Jazz tergome
Twin cities
-
Espoo , Finland since 1974 -
Štúrovo , Slovakia since 1991 -
Bamberg , Germany since 1992 -
Cambrai , France since 1992 -
Ehingen (Danube) , Germany since 1992
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Maintal , Germany since July 18, 1993
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Gniezno , Poland since 1994 -
Mariazell , Austria since May 6, 2002 -
Canterbury , England since 2004
Personalities
- Stephan I (969-1038), first king of Hungary and national saint of the country
- Eusebius of Esztergom (1200–1270), founder of the Pauline order
- Johann Vitez (1408–1472), Croatian bishop and humanist
- Tamás Bakócz (1442–1521), Hungarian cardinal and politician
- Bálint Balassa (1554–1594), Hungarian poet
- Peter Karl Freiherr Ott von Bátorkéz (1738–1809), Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal .
- Mihály Babits (1883–1941), writer
- Helene von Bolváry (1889–1943), actress
- Márta Kurtág (1927–2019), classical pianist
- Gábor Tarkövi (* 1969), trumpeter
- Tamás Hajnal (* 1981), soccer player in the German Bundesliga
- Dóra Zeller (* 1995), soccer player in the German Bundesliga
literature
- Dezső Dercsenyi: The royal palace of Esztergom . Corvina, Budapest 1975
Web links
- Esztergom , in: A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (Hungarian)
- Aerial views of Esztergom
- Illustration by Frans Hogenberg from 1595: The stat vnd schlos gran ( digitized version )
- Illustration by Daniel Meisner from 1626: Gran. Neyd is the shadow of art ( digitized version )
Individual evidence
- ^ Zsolt Visy : The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 68.
- ^ Sándor Soproni : The late Roman Limes between Esztergom and Szentendre. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1978. p. 16.
- ↑ ARVED GREBERT: The Slovaks and the Great Moravian Empire. Contribution to the ethnic character of Great Moravia . Munich 1965. p. 15.
- ^ Hermann Kellenbenz (Ed.): Handbook of European Economic and Social History, Vol. 2. Klett-Cotta Verlag, Stuttgart 1980. ISBN 3-12-904740-9 . P. 511.
- ^ Zsolt Visy: The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 67.