Passage of the imperial army over the Black Forest

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Pioneers in front of the imperial army camp in Todtmoos

The transition of the imperial army over the Black Forest (mid-July 1678) was an achievement of military pioneering work that went down in art history during the Dutch War .

prehistory

After the conquest of Freiburg, the French Marshal François de Créquy turned against Rheinfelden with 30,000 soldiers in early July . A surprise attack by the French on July 6th over the bridge there was repulsed with heavy losses for the defenders who were last trapped on the burning bridge. Créquy went over to the siege, but had to break it off after attacks by the imperial army and the failed attempt to hit a ship bridge .

The Black Forest Passage of the Imperial Army

In Offenburg overlapping Generalissimo of the imperial army Charles of Lorraine decided to relieve from Rheinfelden the French in the flank from the east to attack. This plan of attack required the French positions in the Rhine Valley to be bypassed through the Kinzig valley and across the Black Forest . Troop transports across the Black Forest were also common in the 17th century. The Camino de Suizos led via Waldshut and Görwihl to Staufen . What was new, however, was the route via the pilgrimage site of Todtmoos with the entire entourage , which made considerable demands on the pioneers. In July 1678 Karl von Lothringen reached Todtmoos and had a tent camp built between the pilgrimage church and Vordertodtmoos. The next morning the Blasian prince abbot Romanus Vogler , to whom Todtmoos belonged , arrived at the imperial camp and held a Teeum in the pilgrimage church on the occasion of the successful crossing of the Black Forest. Charles of Lorraine for his part vowed to donate a votive offering to the pilgrimage church. On the march, which was reinforced in Hänner by dispersed imperial units, the imperial army met French units near Murg . These withdrew after a battle. The bombardment of the French camp near Beuggen , which caused the loss of the church there as collateral damage, caused Créquy on July 19, 1678 to break off the siege of Rheinfelden and to retreat. The military and political consequences of the relief were ultimately minor. In 1679, at the end of the war, Karl von Lothringen was appointed governor of Tyrol and the foreland.

The silver votive plaque in the Kunsthistorisches Museum

Prince Abbot Romanus Vogler, to whom Karl von Lothringen had praised a silver votive tablet during the overnight stay in Todtmoos, pushed the project forward and supported the production with considerable donations. At the behest of the abbot, the painter Friedrich Georg Glückher from Rottweil made “acurate” drawings on site in 1681, which were presented to Charles of Lorraine. The selected design shows Karl von Lothringen setting out from Todtmoos; Prince Abbot Romanus Vogler arrives from the top right. Above the backdrop of Todtmoos, the Madonna hovers between two banners with a text written by Karl: "Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed Nomini tuo da gloriam". The production of 101.5 × 190 cm, in low-relief and partly plastically of silver driven votive was from the Augsburger silversmith Elias Hunter executed 1681-1687, and is considered the major work. The votive plaque was only set up briefly in the Todtmoos pilgrimage church due to troubled times. It was mostly kept in the Blasian treasury in Klingnau . The votive plaque came to Vienna in 1810 via the Blasian exile in St. Paul and is now in the permanent exhibition of the Kunsthistorisches Museum (inv. No. 884). A later two-dimensional painting is shown in the pilgrimage church in Todtmoos.

The copper engraving "Le Passage de la Forêt Noire"

Another drawing by Glückher served as a template for an engraving by Sébastien Le Clerc and Johanna Sybilla Kraus , which depicts pioneering work against the backdrop of Todtmoos. The opposite copper engraving Le Clercs on which this work is based was made for a "Histoire de Charles V duc de Lorraine" projected by him in 1704 but never published.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 95, G. Braun., 1943, p. 353
  2. ^ The district of Lörrach: A. General part. B. Community descriptions Aitern to Inzlingen. C. Sources and Literature, J. Thorbecke, 1993, p. 236
  3. ^ Treasury of Carinthia, catalog, Volume I, State Exhibition St. Paul 1991, p. 296, illustration p. 295
  4. ↑ Charles-Antoine Jombert: Catalog raisonné de Sébastien Leclerc, self-published, Paris 1774, p 229ff