1658

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1658
Aurangzeb becomes ruler of the Mughal Empire .	Jan Swammerdam describes the red blood cells for the first time .
In the battle in the dunes , the French and the English win together over a Spanish army.
1658 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1106/07 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1650/51 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1063/64 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2201/02 (southern Buddhism); 2200/01 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the earth dog戊戌 ( at the beginning of the year fire rooster 丁酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1020/21 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3991/92 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1036/37
Islamic calendar	1068/69 (September 28-29)
Jewish calendar	5418/19 (September 27-28)
Coptic calendar	1374/75 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	833/834
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1968/69 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1969/70 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1714/15 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Second Northern War

Swedish territorial gains in the Peace of Roskilde

• January 30th : Charles X crossed the Little Belt with his Swedish troops , a week later the Swedish army moved from Funen across the Great Belt to Zealand . The Danish King Friedrich III. who felt sufficiently safe on Zealand has no combat-ready army available for this reason. So there were peace negotiations in February because the Danish leadership was paralyzed.
• February 26 : Sweden and Denmark-Norway sign the Peace of Roskilde to end the Danish War . Denmark-Norway loses Blekinge , Schonen , Halland and Båhuslän , which will be handed over on March 18th . Then there is the loss of Trondheims len and Romsdal , which will be handed over to Sweden on May 1st . Norway is thus divided into two parts.

Sea battle in the Oresund, first phase, Jan Abrahamszoon Beerstaten , 1660

• November 8 : The Second Northern War in the remains Battle in the Oresund , the Dutch fleet in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces against the Swedish fleet under the command of Carl Gustaf Wrangel victorious.
• In the Russo-Swedish War , the Russians under Ivan Andreevich Chowanski defeat the Swedes at Gdow . On December 20th, the Valiesar armistice was signed . It stipulates that Russia may initially keep the conquered territories in what is now Latvia and Estonia for three years.

England / France / Spain / Portugal

The Siege of Dunkirk 1658

• June 14th : A French-English army of 26,000 men under the French Marshal Turenne defeated a 15,000-strong Spanish relief army in the battle in the dunes near Dunkirk . The battle is part of the Franco-Spanish War as well as the Anglo-Spanish War .
• June 25th : The city of Dunkirk in the Spanish Netherlands , which has been besieged for a month , surrenders to the French . Cardinal Jules Mazarin passes the city on to the English on the basis of alliance agreements .
• September 3rd : After the death of Oliver Cromwell , his son Richard becomes Lord Protector in the Commonwealth of England , although he is not up to the task.
• September 17 : During the Restoration War, Portuguese troops under João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 2nd Count of Castelo Melhor, are defeated in the Battle of Vilanova near Vila Nova de Cerveira on the south bank of the Minho River against the Spanish army led by Rodrigo Pimentel, Marquis of Viana. The Spaniards conquer Monção , Salvaterra de Miño and other Portuguese forts in the next few months .

Holy Roman Empire

Emperor Leopold I.

• July 18 : 14-year-old Leopold I is elected Roman-German Emperor . Only after lengthy negotiations with the electors can he prevail against the French King Louis XIV , who is also standing for election. The coronation takes place on August 1st .

Johann Philipp von Schönborn; Depiction in a coronation diary from 1658

• August 14 : On the initiative of Archbishop of Mainz and Imperial Chancellor Johann Philipp von Schönborn, several secular and ecclesiastical imperial princes found the First Rhine Alliance (also known as the Rhenish Alliance ) as a defensive alliance against the Roman-German Emperor for a preliminary period of three years. France also joins the Confederation.

• Beginning of the construction of the Berlin Fortress (completed in 1683 with the Leipziger Tor )

Asia

• June 22nd : With the capture of the city of Jaffna , the Dutch succeed in completely ousting the Portuguese from the island of Ceylon .
• July 31 : After a successful war with the brothers, Aurangzeb imprisons his father Shah Jahan , the builder of the Taj Mahal , and takes control of the Mughal Empire .

economy

• The minting of the Erbländisches Taler begins in Saxony .

Cromwelltaler from 1658 - the tear of the die was associated with the decapitation after his death

• In the Commonwealth of England is Cromwelltaler coined.

science and technology

Jan Swammerdam

• The Dutch naturalist Jan Swammerdam describes for the first time the red blood cells he observed under the microscope .
• Johann Jakob Wepfer describes the blood supply to the brain and publishes a collection of classic treatment options for strokes with the title Apoplexy .

Title page of the Orbis pictus

• The first school book , and also an image dictionary, the Orbis sensualium pictus by Johann Amos Comenius appears in Nuremberg . The work, edited by the German poet Sigmund von Birken , was in use well into the 19th century and thus shaped the German vocabulary .

Culture

Visual arts

• Construction of the church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale begins on the Quirinal in Rome according to plans by Gian Lorenzo Bernini .

music

• Heinrich Held publishes the Advent song thank God through all the world .

religion

• The Dominican monastery of St. Nicolai in Chur is finally abolished as a late consequence of the Bündner turmoil .

Historical maps and views

• 

  Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Netherlands)

• 

  Poland-Lithuania 1658

• 

  Frankfurt / Main 1658

Born

First half of the year

• January 9 : Nicolas Coustou , French sculptor († 1733 )

• March 9 : Juan de Acuña , Spanish officer, colonial administrator and viceroy of New Spain († 1734 )

• April 19 : Johann Wilhelm , Elector Palatinate († 1716 )
• April 22nd : Giuseppe Torelli , Italian violinist and composer († 1709 )

• June 22nd : Ludwig VII. , Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt († 1678 )
• June 29 : Andreas David Carolus , German Lutheran theologian († 1707 )

Second half of the year

• August 10 : Susanne Maria von Sandrart , German artist († 1716 )

• September 29 : Detlev Siegfried von Ahlefeldt , Lord of Brodau and Royal District Administrator († 1714 )

• October 5 : Maria Beatrice d'Este , Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland († 1718 )
• October 14 : Johann Christoph Männling , German poet and writer († 1723 )
• October 19 : Adolf Friedrich II , later reigning Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz († 1708 )

• November 1st : Johann Conrad Arnoldi , German pedagogue, logician, librarian and Lutheran theologian († 1735 )
• November 25 : Andreas Austen , German Reformed theologian, Graecist and Orientalist († 1703 )

• December 9 : Georg Christian Joannis , German Protestant theologian and historian († 1735 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Jonas Casimir von Auer , Prussian Colonel († 1721 )
• Nicolas Andry de Boisregard , French doctor and man of letters († 1742 )
• Ogata Korin , Japanese artist († 1716 )
• Giovanni Battista Passerini , Italian sculptor († 1710 )
• Damian Stachowicz , Polish composer († 1699 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 7th : Theophilus Eaton , English settler in North America (* 1590 )
• 0January 8 : Anna Schulten , victim of the Canstein witch trials (* around 1628 )
• 0January 9th : Melchior Count von Hatzfeldt , Imperial Habsburg general (* 1593 )
• January 12 : Johann Carl Aichbühel , Rector of the University of Vienna (* 1598 )

• February 12 : Konrad Carpzov , German legal scholar and statesman (* 1593 )
• February 27 : Adolf Friedrich I , Duke of Mecklenburg (* 1588 )
• February 28 : Johann Lauremberg , Low German writer (* 1590 )

• March 29 : Bertuccio Valier , 102nd Doge of Venice (* 1596 )

• April 10 : Peter Concorz , imperial chamber sculptor and court architect in Vienna (* 1605 )
• April 19 : Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick , English colonial administrator, admiral and Puritan (* 1587 )

• 0June 3 : Johann Merck , German educator (* 1577 )

Second half of the year

• 0September 3 : Hans Jakob Ammann , Swiss surgeon, traveler to Egypt and travel writer (* 1586 )

Cromwell's death mask in the Museum of London

• 0September 3 : Oliver Cromwell , Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (* 1599 )
• September 17th : Kaspar von Barth , German philologist (* 1587 )
• September 17th : Georg Philipp Harsdörffer , German Baroque poet (* 1607 )

• October 14 : Francesco I. d'Este , Duke of Reggio, Modena (* 1610 )

• 0December 3 : Johannes Micraelius , German poet and philosopher (* 1597 )
• 0December 6 : Baltasar Gracián , Spanish Jesuit, preacher and writer (* 1601 )
• December 19 : Johann Bergius , German Reformed theologian (* 1587 )
• December 24th : Friedrich Scultetus , German Protestant theologian (* 1602 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Bartolomeo Avanzini , Italian architect (* 1608 )
• Abba Gregorius , Ethiopian priest (* between 1595 and 1600 )
• Clara Peeters , Flemish painter (* 1594 )
• Rebecca Vaughan , English alchemist
• Lucy Walter , mistress of the English King Charles II (* 1630 )

Web links

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