Andreas Silbermann

Andreas Silbermann (born May 16, 1678 in Kleinbobritzsch ; † March 16, 1734 in Strasbourg ) was an organ builder of the Baroque era in Alsace . He is the older brother of the well-known Saxon organ builder Gottfried Silbermann . The organs that he, his brother Gottfried and his son Johann Andreas Silbermann built are known as "Silbermann organs".

Life

House (built 1680) of the Silbermann family organ builders in Kleinbobritzsch

Memorial plaque for Gottfried and Andreas Silbermann on the house in Kleinbobritzsch

Andreas Silbermann was born as the son of the carpenter Michael Silbermann and his second wife Anna Maria (née Preußler). His grandfather Veit was a farmer in Kleinbobritzsch, where his great-grandfather Georg has also been a houseman since 1595 . At the turn of the year 1685/1686 the family moved to the neighboring town of Frauenstein . Here Andreas Silbermann attended the city school. From 1691 to 1694 he completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter in Freiberg with master Georg Lampertius.

It is often reported that Silbermann completed an organ building training with the organ builder Eugenio Casparini . However, Johann Andreas Silbermann knows nothing about his father's alleged teacher and tears down the Görlitz solar organ , on which his father must have worked as an apprentice. Marc Schaefer assigns this to the area of ​​legend formation. From whom Andreas Silbermann learned the organ building trade remains unclear.

When Silbermann appeared in Alsace at the age of 21 , he was already being referred to as an organ builder . In 1699 he is mentioned in connection with the renovation of the organ of the Catholic Church in Buchsweiler (Bouxwiller). For a short time he worked as a keyboard maker for Friedrich Rinck.

In 1701 Silbermann settled in Strasbourg and received citizenship a year later. The following year his brother Gottfried came to him and learned organ building from him. In 1703 the brothers built an organ for the Sainte-Marguerite monastery together . From 1704 to 1706 Andreas Silbermann studied French organ building with the court organ builder (Facteur d'orgues du Roy) François Thierry, a member of the well-known French organ building family Thierry, in Paris . During this time Gottfried was in charge of the workshop.

While Gottfried Silbermann probably left Alsace in 1708, Andreas Silbermann continued his workshop in Strasbourg on his own. On June 13, 1708 he married Anna Maria Schmidt. They had a total of 13 children, including the four surviving sons Johann Andreas (1712–1783), Johann Daniel (1717–1766), Gottfried (1722–1766) and Johann Heinrich (1727–1799), all of whom chose their father's occupation. Johann Andreas later became his successor.

Andreas Silbermann died in Strasbourg at the age of 56.

According to the records of his son Johann Andreas, Andreas Silbermann built 34 organs, including 9 positive organs . Five of them have been preserved almost unchanged (Marmoutier, Strasbourg / Magdalenenkirche, Niedermorschwihr, Altorf, Ebersmünster) and six have been preserved or reconstructed (Bischheim, Strasbourg / St. Aurelien, Ottrott, Bischweiler, Colmar, Rosheim).

Works

(Italics indicate that the organ no longer exists or that only the prospectus has been preserved.)

year	place	church	image	Manuals	register	Remarks
1703	Strasbourg	Dominican convent of St. Margareten		II / P	12	Joint work with brother Gottfried; From 1793 the instrument was in the Protestant St. Gallus Church in Ittenheim (Bas-Rhin). The case now houses a Link organ (1906) and is the only part that has been preserved.
1706	Strasbourg	Collegium Wilhelmitanum (Protestant seminary)		I.	8th	The first positive was transferred from Stiehr to Bourgheim in 1854 . After Koulen rebuilt an organ , its track is lost around 1890.
1707	Strasbourg	St. Nicholas		II / P	18th	Joint work with Brother Gottfried. Replaced in 1814 by a new organ from Geib. When the instrument, which had been modified several times, was demolished in 1967, there were still pipes from Silbermann in five registers .
1708	Strasbourg	New Church (Temple Neuf)		P	7th	Joint work with brother Gottfried; Reconstruction of the pedal mechanism of the organ begun in 1701 by Friedrich Ring (Rinck) and built in 1702 by Claude Legros. Transferred to Ribeauvillé in 1749 . This was followed by extensive renovations in 1827, 1893 and 1933. In 1984, a new organ was built by Alfred Kern in the case of Ring / Legros . Some Silbermann pipes have been preserved in the fittings of the pedal.
1709	Strasbourg	Alt-St. Peter (Protestant)		II / P	21st	The contract of August 10, 1708 was only signed by Andreas, but not by Gottfried Silbermann. In 1738 Johann Andreas Silbermann installed a trumpet. In 1898 the plant was replaced by a new building by Eberhard Friedrich Walcker . The Silbermann case has been preserved (changed).
1710	Marmoutier	Marmoutier Abbey, west gallery		II / P	20th	In 1746 Johann Andreas Silbermann added the empty sticks and expanded the organ to III / 28. In 1789 it was transferred from a rood screen to the west gallery. Since then, the pedal whistles can be seen from the nave. In 1955 it was restored by Ernest Muhleisen and Alfred Kern , and in 2010 it was cleaned out by Quentin Blumenroeder. The organ is preserved almost authentic and is a listed building ( monument historique ).
1711	Basel	Muenster		II / P	21st	The instrument was expanded to 26 registers by Johann Jacob Brosy in 1787, given a new case, and transferred to the Martinskirche in Basel in 1857 . When Friedrich Weigle rebuilt it in 1886, some pipes from the Silbermann / Brosy organ were taken over.
1712	Basel	Evangelical St. Peter's Church		III / P	26th	Silbermann described his organ as “a work like none should be found in the whole of the Rhine.” When Friedrich Goll rebuilt it in 1895 , the work was lost. Today's organ in St. Peter's Church has a few pipes and a case by Johann Andreas Silbermann.
1713	Obernai	Former church of St. Peter and Paul		II / P	20th	In 1784 Josias Silbermann added two registers. The organ was dismantled in 1867 when the church was demolished and rebuilt. The case has been in the parish church of Niedernai since 1898 (see photo), the pipes and the mechanics were replaced there in 1898 by Martin Rinkenbach.
1716	Geudertheim	Simultaneous church		I / P	8th	This little organ was behind the scenes and came to the Simultankirche von Weiterswiller in 1843 , where it was replaced by a harmonium in 1903.
1716	Strasbourg	Strasbourg Cathedral		III / P	39	Takeover of the case from 1491 with the Gothic substructure from 1385; 1833 reconstruction by George Wegmann; 1897 new building by Heinrich Koulen ; 1935 new building by Roethinger ; 1981 new building by Alfred Kern . Silbermann pipes are still preserved in 11 registers.
1716	Strasbourg	Stephanskapelle in Strasbourg		II / P	13	Today in the Protestant Church in Bischheim . Reconstructed in 1983 by Gaston Kern with an extended pedal. Three registers are still preserved. The housing is listed.
1717	Andlau	Positive for Madame d'Andlau		II	6th	The second positive from Silbermann was transferred to the Catholic Church of Andlau in 1735 and to Olwisheim in 1793 . The wind chests and pipework have not been preserved, only a cabinet that could have been the former case of the instrument.
1718	Strasbourg	Positive for the beer maker Keck		I.	4th	In 1759 the fifth positive was installed in the parish church of Ebersmünster and from there in 1803 it was transferred to Friesenheim . When the church was rebuilt in 1882, his trace was lost.
1718	Strasbourg	St. Aurelia Church		II / P	17th	The organ was completed by Johann Andreas Silbermann in 1762 and 1766 and rebuilt by Heinrich Koulen in 1884 . In 1911 a new building was carried out by Dalstein-Haerpfer , and in 1952 a new building by Ernest Muhleisen . In 2015 the organ was reconstructed by Quentin Blumenroeder with 20 stops on two manuals. About half of the pipes - some of them greatly changed in the meantime - go back to Andreas and Johann Andreas Silbermann.
1718	Strasbourg	Church of the St. Magdalenen Monastery		II / P	13	Sold to Lampertheim in 1799 and has been missing since 1876.
1718	Basel	St. Leonhard		I / P	15th	The instrument was extended by Johann Andreas Silbermann in 1771 by a Rückpositiv with 7 registers. In 1880 it was replaced by a new building by Johann Nepomuk Kuhn. In 1969 there was a reconstruction in the cases of Andreas and Johann Andreas Silbermann by Orgelbau Kuhn with II / 28, in which the pedal mechanism was expanded by 6 stops compared to the original disposition.
1719	Haguenau	Monastery Church of the Gray Sisters		II	8th	The ninth positive was built in 1719 for the choir of the Marmoutier Abbey, but was never installed there. In 1730 Silbermann installed it in the monastery church of the Gray Sisters in Haguenau . In 1793 it came to Sessenheim through Georg Hladky . In 1826 Xavier Stiehr added a pedal on a 4 'base. In 1909 the instrument was installed in the Goethe Museum in Sessenheim. In 1942 it was dismantled and changed by Kriess. It then remained dismantled and from 1947 was kept in the Palais Rohan in Strasbourg . Since the restoration by Quentin Blumenroeder from Haguenau, the work has been placed in the side chapel of the Magdalenenkirche (Strasbourg) . It is largely preserved. Whistles and blowers are listed ( Monument historique ).
1719	Strasbourg	Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune protestant		I.	4th	The fourth positive from Silbermann was only a few years in Jung-St. Peter and came to the Stefanskirche in Rosheim in 1725 . In 1760 it was transferred to Grendelbruch , where it lost its track after 1837.
1720	Strasbourg	Positive for the merchant Vigera		I.	4th	The sixth positive was built for the Strasbourg merchant Johann Heinrich Vigera and, after his death in 1750 , was transferred to the monastery church of the Odilienberg by Johann Andreas Silbermann . In 1791 Conrad Sauer installed it in the Simultankirche in Mittelbergheim and added a pedal. It has been lost since 1858.
1720	Weissenburg	St. John's Church		II / P	14th	The organ installed in the Simultankirche in Weißenburg was extended by a positive in 1831 by Jacob Möller. In 1865 some registers were replaced by Stiehr . In 1893 Dalstein-Haerpfer carried out a pneumatic conversion . When the church was rebuilt in 1958, the organ was replaced by a new one.
1721	Boersch , today in Ottrott	Benedictine Abbey of St. Leonhard		I.	7th	After the French Revolution , the small work came to Ottrott in the Catholic Church of St. Simon and Judas. After 1870 Rinckenbach replaced the manual wind chest and added a pedal mechanism. In 1917 the prospect pipes were confiscated, in 1931 the instrument was pneumatized by Franz Kriess. In 1968 Jean-Georges Koenig made a reconstruction with II / 19. Silbermann pipes have been preserved in five registers. The prospectus has also been preserved.
1722	Kolbsheim	Kolbsheim Castle		I.	4th	The third positive, which Silbermann had delivered to General Linckin in 1722, was sold to the Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken in 1748 . His track is lost during the French Revolution.
1722	Old people's home	Protestant Peace Church		I.	8th	The small organ was laid out in the back and was replaced by a larger one in the course of the expansion of the church interior in 1808. It was erected in Bolsenheim in 1811 by Blasius Chaxel . In 1872 the Wetzel brothers installed it in the newly built church, and in 1889 it was sold to Franz Xaver Kriess. After that, their track is lost.
1724	Bischwiller	Protestant Church		II / P	13	In 1724 the organ was almost finished, but was not installed until 1729 due to financial difficulties in the community. Five stops of the first manual could be played from the second manual. In 1853, Stiehr added a return positive. In 1867 it was given a new main case by Stiehr and completely rebuilt with 37 stops on three manuals. Modifications by Fritz Haerpfer (1922), Georges Schwenkedel (1952) and Ernest Mühleisen (1960) followed. In 1985 Alfred Kern restored the instrument to its condition from 1867. Nine Silbermann registers have remained almost unchanged.
around 1725	Strasbourg	All Saints Church		I.	6th	The seventh positive stood in the All Saints' Convention until 1747 and then came to the choir of the abbey church of Marmoutier . From there it came to the church of Lettenbach near Saint-Quirin around 1765 . There his track is lost.
1726	Colmar today Niedermorschwihr	Dominican Church Colmar		III / P	27	In 1805 the organ was installed in the parish church of St. Gallus von Niedermorschwihr . In 1892 Martin Rinckenbach relocated the main case, changed the action and the pitch, and replaced four registers and the pedal wind chest. In 1961, Ernest Mühleisen replaced two Rinckenbach registers. 21 Silbermann registers are preserved, as well as the case and the wind chests. The organ is under monument protection ( Monument historique )
1728	Strasbourg	St. Wilhelm		II / P	18th	In 1734 and 1754 the empty floors were occupied by Johann Andreas Silbermann. In 1845, 1863 and 1870 renovations were carried out by Martin Wetzel. In 1881 Heinrich Koulen added a swell to the organ and made other changes. New buildings followed by Eberhard Friedrich Walcker (1898), Ernest Mühleisen (1955) and Yves Koenig (1987). This new building is based on the style of Gottfried Silbermann. The Silbermann case has been preserved.
1729	Vieux-Thann	Church of the Dominican Sisters		II	8th	With Altthann's small organ, the cornet could also be played from the second manual. It is said to have been lost around 1790.
1730	Altorf	Benedictine Abbey Church of St. Cyriakus		II / P	14th	In 1849, Stiehr added two registers and replaced two more. In 1884 Martin Rinckenbach added a swell, increased the manual range and tuned the organ a semitone higher. In 1999 Richard Dott carried out a restoration in the state of 1884 with 22 stops on two manuals. Eleven Silbermann registers, the case, the main movement and the pedal windchest as well as the Silbermann pedal keyboard have been preserved. The organ is a listed building ( Monument historique ).
1731	Ebersmünster	St. Mauritius Abbey Church		III / P	28	Two of the 28 registers were added in 1732. In 1812, Martin Bergäntzel added the trumpet and prospectus pipes stolen during the French Revolution. In 1858 Martin Wetzel added a Bombarde 16 'and renewed the wind turbine. Edmond-Alexandre Roethinger cleaned the organ in 1939, and some woodworm-infested pipes, the pedal keyboard and the register plates were replaced. During the restoration carried out in 1999 by Gaston Kern , Yves Koenig and Richard Dott, the mid-tone tuning was not restored in order not to cause any further damage to the pipework. Most of the components of the Silbermann organ have been preserved. It is under monument protection ( Monument historique ).
1732	Colmar	St-Mathieu		III / P	24	In 1861 Joseph Stiehr replaced the Echowerk with a swell mechanism, expanded the main mechanism and pedal winds and added a central tower to the positive positive case. Rinckenbach tuned the organ a whole tone higher in 1882 and replaced some registers in 1898. In 1926 it was pneumatized by Fritz Haerpfer and electrified by Ernest Muhleisen in 1951 . In 1999 the instrument was restored by Richard Dott and largely restored to its condition from 1861. The wind chests (except for the echo movement), the case and 15 registers from Silbermann have been preserved.
1732	People's home	Abbey Church of the Cistercian Sisters in Königsbrück		I.	8th	After the French Revolution, the small organ was in Fort-Louis until 1818 . After that, their track is lost.
1733	Saverne	Rohan Castle		I.	4th	The eighth positive from Silbermann was set up for Cardinal von Rohan in his castle in Saverne. It was probably built as early as 1725. In 1745 the instrument was given as a wedding present to Madame Le Brun, the wife of the director of the Strasbourg post office, in 1748 Jacques Antoine Denoyé, the organist of Jung-St. Peter (Catholic), a good friend of Johann Andreas Silbermann, took the instrument from Saverne to Strasbourg and packed it up again in 1759 to send it "to America". But Denoyé died that same year and the organ disappeared.
1733	Rosheim	St. Peter and Paul		III / P	23	Silbermann's last organ stood on a gallery above the entrance to the church. This was perceived as disturbing in the beautiful Romanesque church in 1859 and was torn down. In 1863, Joseph Stiehr placed the organ in a specially built chamber with two larger openings to the transept and two smaller openings to the choir. The case, the manual windchest and the action were renewed by Stiehr and some registers were replaced. Stiehr moved the pipes of the Echowerk and two other registers to the Merckel organ in Lixhausen (where they have been preserved) and the case in the St. Pankraz church in Waldolwisheim (see photo). In 1898 the instrument was tuned one note higher by Franz Xaver Kriess. 18 Silbermann registers have been preserved in Rosheim. Both the pipework and the housing are under monument protection.

literature

• Robert Eitner :  Silbermann, Andreas . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, pp. 310-313.
• Jürgen Fege: The house where Gottfried Silbermann was born in Kleinbobritzsch near Frauenstein. In: Country calendar book for Saxon Switzerland and the Eastern Ore Mountains 2014. Schütze / Weber / Engler Verlags GbR, Dresden 2013, pp. 14-16.
• Ludwig Mooser: The brothers, the organ builders Andreas and Gottfried Silbermann. Historical sketch based on church and official documents. Strasbourg 1861. ( digitized version )
• Paul Smets : Organ Monographs 10 - The organ works of the abbeys of Maursmünster and Ebersmünster . Rheingold-Verlag, Mainz 1956.
• Jürgen Weyers: His name is Silbermann, and his work is gold ... In: Organ. Issue 2/98, pp. 10-15.

Web links

Commons : Andreas Silbermann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Les Silbermann, facteurs d'orgues à Strasbourg. (French)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Marc Schaefer (Ed.): The Silbermann Archive. The handwritten estate of the organ maker Johann Andreas Silbermann (1712–1783) . Winterthur 1994, p. 168f, p. 289.
2. ^ Orgues Silbermann d'Alsace: itinéraire commenté. Strasbourg, 1991. p. 20.
3. ↑ This legend is first described by Ludwig Mooser in 1861 in floral words: “This is how he came to Görlitz on the Neisse; [...] he rested on a bench under a widely spread crown of linden trees. [...] Then an old, worthy gentleman passed by and saw a blinking tear in the young wanderer's eye. With sympathy he asked: What are you missing? Work, dear sir, work! exclaimed Andreas. [...] Hm, hm! he finally growled thoughtfully. [...] I want to take care of you. [...] The 73 year old was none other than the world famous Eugenius Casparini. ”Quoted from: Ludwig Mooser: The pair of brothers. The organ builders Andreas and Gottfried Silbermann. Historical sketch. Strasbourg, 1861, p. 14f.
4. ^ Marc Schaefer: Recherches sur la famille et l'oeuvre des Silbermann en Alsace. Cologne 2012, p. 204. See: [1]
5. ↑ In a letter Gottfried Silbermann reports to his nephew Johann Andreas: The first builder of this organ [Strasbourg, New Church] was H Friederich Rinck, with whom my soul: Brother Andreas Silberman had previously worked for a short time in instrument work, but later now and then in Alsace gave up repairs to some organs in monasteries. Quoted from: Marc Schaefer (Ed.): Das Silbermann-Archiv. The handwritten estate of the organ maker Johann Andreas Silbermann (1712–1783). Winterthur 1994, p. 119.
6. ^ The assertion made by Franz Xaver Mathias (see: Franz Xaver Mathias: Compte rendu du Congrès d'orgue tenu à l'Université de Strasbourg 5-8 May 1934. Strasbourg, 1934, p. 248.) and repeated by Ernst Flade ( See: Ernst Flade: Gottfried Silbermann. A contribution to the history of German organ and piano construction in the age of Bach. Leipzig, 1952, p. 63.), the organ from Alt-St. Peter (Protestant) in Strasbourg was Gottfried's masterpiece, cannot be proven. The contract of August 10, 1708 was signed by Andreas Silbermann alone. It is much more likely that Gottfried left Strasbourg in 1708 after his brother's marriage. (See: Jürgen Weyers: Life and work of the organ builder Andreas Silbermann. (Unpublished state work). Homburg, 1991. p. 64.)
7. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/ittenhei.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
8. ↑ ARDAM (ed.): Orgues en Alsace. Vol. 3. Strasbourg, 1985. p. 73.
9. ^ Jürgen Weyers: "Life and work of the organ builder Andreas Silbermann." (Unpublished state paper). Homburg, 1991. pp. 56-61.
10. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/ribeauvi.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
11. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/stpivipr.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
12. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/marmouti.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
13. ↑ http://peter-fasler.magix.net/public/BSProfile/bs_martin_ref.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
14. ↑ http://peter-fasler.magix.net/public/BSProfile2/peterskirchehaupt.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
15. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/niederna.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
16. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/weiterpr.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
17. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/stcathed.htm#F670482008H04 , viewed on April 19, 2020.
18. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/bischhpr.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
19. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/andlfase.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
20. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/friesenh.htm#F670146001P01 , viewed on April 19, 2020.
21. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/staureli.htm#F670482001P03 , viewed on April 19, 2020.
22. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/lamperth.htm , viewed on April 19, 2020.
23. ↑ http://www.orgelspielzumfeierabend.ch/index.php?menu=3 , viewed on April 20, 2020.
24. ^ Strasbourg, Palais des Rohan. ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: decouverte.orgue.free.fr  
25. ↑ Un Silbermann renaît. In: Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace , December 22, 2012 (accessed on the same day)
26. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/rosheipr.htm , viewed on April 20, 2020.
27. ↑ Vigera is sometimes referred to as the harbor master . In his diaries, however, Johann Andreas Silbermann always calls him a businessman (see: Marc Schaefer (Ed.): Das Silbermann-Archiv. The handwritten estate of the organ maker Johann Andreas Silbermann (1712–1783) . Winterthur, 1994. p. 340, p. 494.)
28. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/mtstodil.htm , viewed on April 20, 2020.
29. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/mittbepr.htm , viewed on April 20, 2020.
30. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/wissemje.htm#F670544002P02 , viewed on April 20, 2020.
31. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/ottrott.htm , viewed on April 20, 2020.
32. ↑ ARDAM (ed.): Orgues en Alsace. Vol. 3. Strasbourg, 1986. p. 490.
33. ↑ Marc Schaefer (Ed.): The Silbermann Archive. The handwritten estate of the organ maker Johann Andreas Silbermann (1712–1783) . Winterthur, 1994. p. 338, p. 494.
34. ^ Jürgen Weyers: "Life and work of the organ builder Andreas Silbermann." (Unpublished state paper). Homburg, 1991. p. 128.
35. ^ Siegfried Biegert: The Peace Church in old people's home. (PDF) Evangelische Stiftung Pflege Schönau, p. 17 , accessed on January 14, 2013 . 
36. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/bolsenhe.htm , viewed on April 20, 2020.
37. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/bischwpr.htm#F670046001P01 , viewed on April 20, 2020.
38. ^ Jürgen Weyers: "Life and work of the organ builder Andreas Silbermann." (Unpublished state paper). Homburg, 1991. p. 130.
39. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/niedermo.htm , viewed on April 20, 2020.
40. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/stguilla.htm#F670482027P03 , viewed on April 20, 2020.
41. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/vieuthan.htm#F680348001P02 , viewed on April 20, 2020.
42. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/altorf.htm#F670008001P02 , viewed on April 20, 2020.
43. ↑ Jürgen Weyers: The dust from 60 years. On the history and restoration of the Andreas Silbermann organ in Ebersmünster. In: Organ international. Journal for organ building and organ music. Issue 1999/3. Pp. 208-212.
44. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/costmatt.htm#F680066008P02 , viewed on April 21, 2020.
45. ↑ http://manufacture.orgue.free.fr/St%20Matthieu.htm , viewed April 21, 2020.
46. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/koenigsb.htm#F670264002P02 , viewed on April 21, 2020.
47. ↑ Marc Schaefer (Ed.): The Silbermann Archive. The handwritten estate of the organ maker Johann Andreas Silbermann (1712–1783) . Winterthur, 1994. p. 341, p. 494.
48. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/lixhause.htm , viewed on April 21, 2020.
49. ↑ http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/orgues/rosheim.htm#F670411002P02 , viewed on April 21, 2020.