1813

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1813
With the appeal to my people , Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia for support in the fight against Napoleon .	The novel Pride and Prejudice , written by Jane Austen in 1797, is published.
Napoleon Bonaparte loses in the Battle of Leipzig against the troops from Austria , Prussia , Russia and Sweden .
1813 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1261/62 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1805/06 (September 10/11)
Bengali solar calendar	1218/19 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2356/57 (southern Buddhism); 2355/56 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	75th (76th) cycle Year of the water tap癸酉 ( at the beginning of the year water monkey壬申)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1175/76 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4146/47 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1191/92
Islamic calendar	1227/1228/1229 (turn of the year 3rd / 4th January // 23/24 December)
Jewish calendar	5573/74 (September 24/25)
Coptic calendar	1529/30 (10/11 September)
Malayalam calendar	988/989
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2123/24 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2124/25 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1869/70 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Wars of Liberation

• February 8th : Professor Henrich Steffens calls on his students in Breslau to resist Napoleon . Russian troops march into Warsaw on the same day.
• February 9th : King Friedrich Wilhelm orders Prussia to compulsory military service .
• February 28 : The Kalisch Prussian-Russian military alliance is signed. Start of the sixth coalition. The controversial question of the return of Polish territory to Prussia is excluded, but the secret additional articles provide for the restoration of the pre-war state and thus, if necessary, an equivalent compensation for Prussia.
• March 4 : Russian troops march into Berlin, which had recently been evacuated by the French.
• March 10 : King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Donates the German War Order of the Iron Cross , an award for bravery for soldiers of all classes.
• March 13th : The French Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout deliberately lets the bridge over the Elbe in Meißen burn down.
• March 16 : Prussia declares war on France .
• March 17th : The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III addresses himself with the appeal to my people . in Breslau to his subjects, "Prussians and Germans", and asks for support for the fight against Emperor Napoleon I. On the same day Scharnhorst founds the Prussian Landwehr .
• March 18 : Russia and Prussia agree on a joint approach in northern Germany and in the states of the Rhine Confederation. Above all, a few Cossack regiments advance northwards from Berlin and force the dukes of Mecklenburg to switch fronts. Russian troops under the command of Friedrich Karl von Tettenborn occupy Hamburg and drive the French out of the city. However, they recaptured the place on May 30th .
• April 2 : In the battle near Lüneburg , allied Prussians and Russians win over a French corps. The battle is the first major combat operation after the French defeated in Russia retreated behind the Elbe.
• April 5 : In the battle near Möckern, the Allied troops under General Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein achieve their first major victory over the numerically superior French units.
• April 21 : Prussia decreed in the Landsturm Edict that all men between the ages of 17 and 60, provided they do not belong to the army or the Landwehr , must in future obey a national defense contingent .
• May 2nd : Battle of Großgörschen , first battle of the Wars of Liberation .
• May 2 : Battle of Halle .
• 20 / May 21 : Battle of Bautzen between the coalition and the French victory of the Napoleonic troops. Due to the loss-making victories, Napoleon forces the evacuation of Saxony and the withdrawal of the allied Russian-Prussian troops to Silesia.
• May 22nd : Battle of Reichenbach and Markersdorf .
• 28 / May 30 : Battle on the Nettelnburger lock .
• June 4th : Battle near Luckau .
• June 27th : The second Reichenbacher Convention is closed.
• July 12th : The Trachenberg Plan is approved .
• August 23 : Battle of Großbeeren .
• August 26th : Battle of the Katzbach .
• August 26th / 27th : Battle of Dresden between the French under Napoleon and the main army of the allied coalition troops. Last victory of the French troops on German soil.
• August 27 : Prussian units and a French corps fight the Battle of Hagelberg during the Wars of Liberation , which ends with the escape of the French due to the intervention of Russian Cossacks .
• 29 / August 30 : Battle of Kulm in Bohemia between the coalition and the French. Coalition Forces Victory.
• September 4th : Assault near Dassow .
• September 6th : Battle of Dennewitz ( Wars of Liberation ).
• September 16 : Battle of the Göhrde .
• September 30th : Karl Theodor von Dalberg leaves the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt .
• October 1st : The Kingdom of Westphalia is declared dissolved in Kassel by the Cossack leader Chernyshev after the surrendering French troops to King Jérôme Bonaparte withdrew.
• October 3 : In the Battle of Wartenburg a Prussian corps succeeds in crossing the Elbe during the Wars of Liberation, thereby threatening the northern flank of Napoleon Bonaparte's French troops in Saxony .
• October 8th : In the Treaty of Ried ( Ried im Innkreis ) the Kingdom of Bavaria changes fronts. It leaves Napoleonic France and joins the Allies in the Sixth Coalition War against the assurance that its property will be preserved .
• October 14 : The previously allied Kingdom of Bavaria declared France the war .

Map of the troop positions on October 16, 1813

• 16th bis 19th October : In the Battle of Leipzig the troops of Napoleon by the allied armies of the Austrians, Prussians, Russians and Swedes are defeated.
• October 25th : The victorious units begin with the siege of Erfurt in the French principality of Erfurt .
• October 28 : Karl Theodor von Dalberg abdicates in favor of Napoléon's stepson Eugène de Beauharnais as Grand Duke of Frankfurt; the Grand Duchy falls apart.
• October 31 : Napoleon Bonaparte prevails after the Battle of Leipzig with the remains of his army in the two-day battle near Hanau against a Bavarian-Austrian army who wanted to relocate him back to France.
• November 2 : King Friedrich I of Württemberg switches to the side of the allies in the Sixth Coalition War against the French Emperor Napoleon. In the Treaty of Fulda, Austria gave him assurances about the existence of his kingdom .
• November 30th : Prince Wilhelm Friedrich of Orange-Nassau , former governor Wilhelm VI. of the Netherlands, returns from exile in Britain.
• December 2 : The Netherlands proclaim their independence from French rule and William I as their sovereign.
• December 21 : Allied troops of the sixth coalition move into Switzerland between Basel and Schaffhausen , whose border troops withdraw without a fight. With the occupation, the end of mediation in the Alpine state is drawing near.
• December 29th : In Zurich , ten old Swiss cantons decide to repeal the mediation constitution . Because at the same time the relationships of subjects were abolished, tensions arose in the following weeks.

Napoleonic Wars in the Iberian Peninsula

See also : Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula # The last year of the war, 1813

• June 21 : English, Portuguese and Spanish troops under Wellington's command defeat the French in the Battle of Vitoria in the Basque Country .
• August 31 : Siege of San Sebastián , British and Portuguese storm the Spanish city ​​of San Sebastián during the Spanish War of Independence and set it on fire.
• December 11th : The French and Spaniards make peace with the Treaty of Valençay and agree on the return of Ferdinand VII to the Spanish throne.

Other events in Europe

• May 28th : Johann Peter Horst and Friederike Luise Delitz were put to the stake as members of a murderous gang on Berlin's Jungfernheide . This is the last execution by burning in Germany.
• June 10th : The Jewish edict issued by Minister Maximilian von Montgelas regulates their legal situation in the Kingdom of Bavaria up to a limitation of families per location.
• October 24th : The Peace of Gulistan ends the Russo-Persian War and Persia loses large parts of the Caucasus to Russia.

British-American War

United States 1813

• January 22nd : A British Indian army defeats an American force of about 1,000 men in the battle of Frenchtown and forces them to surrender. Indians then murder around 30–60 wounded Americans (so-called River Raisin Massacre ).
• New York gubernatorial election 1813 .
• June 6 : 700 British victory in the Battle of Stoney Creek ( Canada ) over 3,000 Americans.
• June 24 : British forces force an outnumbered American detachment to surrender at the Battle of Beaver Dams .
• September 10 : The Americans defeat a British naval squadron in the Battle of Lake Erie and force the British to evacuate the parts of Michigan they have occupied .
• September 28 : After their defeat in the Battle of Lake Erie , the British must evacuate Detroit , conquered in 1812, and other positions on the Detroit River .
• October 5 : The Americans defeat the British-Indian troops retreating from the Detroit River in the Battle of the Thames River , thereby eliminating the British threat to their northwestern border on Lake Erie.
• October 26 : British-Canadian militia troops defeat an eight-fold superior American army in the battle of the Chateauguay River and force them to withdraw from Canada .
• November 10 : British troops defeat a second, ten-fold superior American army in the battle of Chrysler's Farm , with which a double invasion of Canada has finally failed.
• December 19 : British troops conquer the American fortress of Fort Niagara in a coup .
• December 29th : In the War of 1812 , British forces burn the city of Buffalo down.

Latin America

• October 17th : In the Chilean War of Independence , the battle of El Roble causes a surprise. After heavy losses of the patriots to a royalist force, the resistance of a crowd around Bernardo O'Higgins turns a battle believed lost in favor of the patriots.
• November 6th : At the Chilpancingo Congress , José Maria Morelos y Pávon calls for Mexico's independence from Spain for the first time by separating from the Viceroyalty of New Spain .

Asia

• The British East India Company loses its special rights to trade in India , but retains supreme authority in civil and military affairs.

economy

• January 5th : Weakened after attacks by the British navy during the coalition wars, Denmark implements radical currency reform , which is de facto national bankruptcy .
• The Holey Dollar is introduced as a currency in Australia .

science and technology

• January 17 : British Humphry Davy discovers the arc . The possibility of generating artificial light is thus given.
• March 22nd : The Swiss Jean Louis Burckhardt is the first European to see the temples of Abu Simbel .

Blaxland expedition route

• May 11th to June 6th : The Blaxland Expedition, led by Gregory Blaxland, crosses the Blue Mountains in Australia .
• May 29th : The Metz – Mainz optical telegraph line is opened by the French according to the Claude Chappes system. Important messages are reported in coded form via signal stations, provided there is a line of sight that is unaffected by the weather.

Culture

literature

First edition of Pride and Prejudice, published in 1813

• End of January: The development novel Pride and Prejudice ( Pride and Prejudice ) by the Englishwoman Jane Austen is published anonymously. The first edition of 1,500 copies is sold out within six months and a second edition appears in the same year.
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe writes the ballad Der Totentanz .

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1813

Title page of the libretto of the first version by Tancredi

• February 6th : The opera seria Tancredi by Gioachino Rossini based on the libretto by Gaetano Rossi based on the tragedy Tancrède by Voltaire has its world premiere at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. Both the premiere and the second performance have to be canceled due to indisposition of the singers. The first full performance will be on February 12th and will not have outstanding success. A second version was then performed in Ferrara, which was more popular with the public. A third version will be performed for the first time on December 18 at the Teatro Re in Milan and from here it spread rapidly in Italy. The 20-year-old celebrates his first major success as an opera composer with this work.
• March 25 : World premiere of the opera Die Insulanerinnen by Conradin Kreutzer in Stuttgart.
• April 6 : World premiere of the opera Les Abencérages, ou L'Étendard de Grenade (The Moorish dynasty of A. or The Standard of Granada) by Luigi Cherubini at the Grand Opéra Paris .
• May 22nd : The world premiere of Gioachino Rossini's first major opera buffa L'italiana in Algeri ( The Italian in Algiers ) with a libretto by Angelo Anelli takes place at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice and is greeted with “deafening, sustained general applause” .
• July 10 : World premiere of the operetta Der blinde Gärtner or The blooming Aloë by Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner in Munich.
• December 8th : The 7th Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven is premiered together with the symphonic battle painting Wellington's Victory in the great Redoutensaal of the University of Vienna as a benefit concert for the benefit of the anti-Napoleonic fighters under Beethoven's direction and is an extraordinarily great success. Well-known musicians such as Bernhard Romberg , Louis Spohr , Johann Nepomuk Hummel , Giacomo Meyerbeer , Antonio Salieri and probably Mauro Giuliani sit in the orchestra, which is extensively equipped according to Beethoven's instructions . At this first performance and also at the second on December 12, the audience demands da capo in the second movement .
• December 26th : The world premiere of the opera Aureliano in Palmira by Gioacchino Rossini at the Teatro alla Scala di Milano in Milan is not a great success, mainly because of the poor singing performance .
• With the song Des Deutschen Vaterland, Ernst Moritz Arndt turns the “ German-French enmity ” into the center of German identity.

The year 1813 is known as the "Year of Dramatists" because it is the year of birth of a number of playwrights:

• February 12 : Otto Ludwig († 1865 )
• March 18 : Friedrich Hebbel († 1863 )
• May 22 : Richard Wagner († 1883 )
• October 9 : Giuseppe Verdi († 1901 )
• October 17th : Georg Büchner († 1837 )
• December 29 : Karel Sabina († 1877 )

society

• September 4th : The term " Scat " appears for the first time in Hans Carl Leopold von der Gabelentz's game accounts .

Disasters

• September 13th : In Munich , the Isar bridge collapses due to a flood of the Isar and kills over 100 onlookers with it.
• A powerful hurricane hit the city of Martinique in August, killing 3,000.

Born

January February

• 0January 1 : Franziska Berg , German actress († 1893 )
• 0January 1 : Charles Clifford , New Zealand politician († 1893 )
• 0January 1 : Louis Adrien Huart , French journalist, writer and theater director († 1865 )
• 0January 4 : Alexander von Bach , Austrian politician († 1893 )
• 0January 4 : Louis Lucien Bonaparte , French-Italian linguist, Romance scholar and bascologist († 1891 )
• 0January 4 : Isaac Pitman , draftsman of a shorthand († 1897 )
• 0January 6th : Paulus Melchers , Archbishop of Cologne, Cardinal († 1895 )
• January 10 : Franz Jakob Kreuter , German architect and civil engineer († 1889 )
• January 14 : Boleslav Jablonský (actually Karel Eugen Tupý), Czech poet († 1881 )
• January 16 : Georges Darboy , Archbishop of Paris († 1871 )
• January 19 : Henry Bessemer , British engineer and inventor († 1898 )
• January 21 : John Charles Fremont , American explorer († 1890 )
• January 23 : Camilla Collett , Norwegian writer († 1895 )
• January 24 : August von Württemberg , Prussian Colonel General († 1885 )
• January 27 : Heinrich von Friedberg , German politician and legal scholar († 1895 )

• 0February 2 : Alexander von Pape , Prussian Colonel General of the Infantry († 1895 )
• 0February 4 : Johann Bernhard Brinkmann , German Roman Catholic theologian and bishop († 1889 )
• February 12 : James Dwight Dana , American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist († 1895 )

Otto Ludwig

• February 12 : Otto Ludwig , German writer († 1865 )
• February 14 : Alexander Sergejewitsch Dargomyschski , Russian composer († 1869 )
• February 15 : Frederick Holbrook , American politician († 1909 )
• February 16 : Joseph Reid Anderson , American engineer, brigadier general and entrepreneur († 1892 )
• February 16 : Semen Hulak-Artemowskyj , Ukrainian opera singer and composer († 1873 )
• February 18 : Alexander Duncker , German publisher and bookseller († 1897 )
• February 23 : Ferdinand Stadler , Swiss architect († 1870 )
• February 23 : Franz Delitzsch , German theologian and professor († 1890 )
• February 28 : Pomaré IV , Queen of Tahiti († 1877 )

March April

• 0March 4 : Joseph Ferdinand Boissard de Boisdenier , French romantic painter († 1866 )
• 0March 6 : William FM Arny , American politician († 1881 )
• March 11 : Philipp Ludwig Adam , German entrepreneur and politician († 1893 )
• March 11 : James Anderson , British-Italian photographer († 1877 )
• March 17 : Anton Dominik Fernkorn , German sculptor and sculptor († 1878 )
• March 17th : Kamehameha III. , King of Hawaii († 1854 )

Friedrich Hebbel, 1851

• March 18 : Friedrich Hebbel , German playwright († 1863 )

David Livingstone

• March 19 : David Livingstone , Scottish Africa explorer († 1873 )
• March 21 : Heinrich Cordes , German Protestant missionary in South India († 1892 )
• March 29 : John Letcher , American politician († 1884 )

• 0April 1 : Karl Friedrich Rammelsberg , German chemist († 1899 )
• 0April 6 : Erwin von Neipperg , Austrian general († 1897 )
• 0April 9 : Lewis V. Bogy , American politician († 1877 )
• April 11 : Carl Ferdinand Jänisch , Russian chess player († 1872 )
• April 11 : Auguste de Meuron , Swiss architect († 1898 )
• April 15 : Theodor Kotschy , Austrian botanist († 1866 )
• April 18 : Franz Ittenbach , painter who belonged to the Düsseldorf group of Nazarenes († 1879 )
• April 20 : Engelbert Seibertz , German portrait and history painter († 1905 )
• April 20 : Henry Theodore Tuckerman , American writer († 1871 )
• April 21 : August Bahlmann , German Roman Catholic clergyman († 1874 )
• April 22 : Jørgen Moe , Norwegian writer and clergyman († 1882 )
• April 23 : Stephen Arnold Douglas , American politician and presidential candidate († 1861 )
• April 30 : Wilhelm Ludwig Abeken , German classical archaeologist († 1843 )

May June

• 0May 1 : Jacob Mayer , German manufacturer († 1875 )
• 0May 3 : Karl Girardet , Swiss painter († 1871 )
• 0May 3 : Albert von Rheinbaben , Prussian general († 1880 )

Søren Kierkegaard, around 1840

• 0May 5 : Søren Kierkegaard , Danish philosopher and theologian († 1855 )
• 0May 6 : Bernhard Afinger , German sculptor († 1882 )
• 0May 9 : Gustav Blaeser , German sculptor († 1874 )
• May 10 : Montgomery Blair , American politician († 1883 )
• May 11 : Alois Auer Ritter von Welsbach , Austrian printer, inventor and illustrator († 1869 )
• May 14 : Charles Beyer , British railway pioneer († 1876 )
• May 15 : Franz Napoleon Heigel , French-German painter († 1888 )
• May 15 : Stephen Heller , Hungarian pianist and composer († 1888 )

Richard Wagner, 1871

• June 20 : Joseph Antoine Autran , French poet and writer († 1877 )
• May 22 : Richard Wagner , German composer († 1883 )
• May 26 : George G. Fogg , American politician († 1881 )

• 0June 1 : Karl Andresen , German Germanist († 1891 )
• 0June 2 : Tassilo Festetics de Tolna , Austrian officer, most recently general of the cavalry († 1883 )
• 0June 2 : Daniel Pollen , Prime Minister of New Zealand († 1896 )
• 0June 6 : Wilhelm Hertzberg , German philologist and translator († 1879 )
• 0June 8 : David Dixon Porter , American admiral († 1891 )
• June 16 : Oskar von Arnim-Kröchlendorff , German politician († 1903 )
• June 16 : Otto Jahn , German classical philologist, archaeologist and musicologist († 1869 )
• June 24 : Henry Ward Beecher , American preacher († 1887 )
• June 27 : Otto Sendtner , German botanist and university professor († 1859 )

July August

• 0July 1 : Abbas I. Hilmi , Khedive (Viceroy) of Egypt († 1854 )
• 0July 1 : Paul Wassiljewitsch Annenkow , Russian landowner († 1887 )
• 0July 3 : Carl Steinhäuser , German sculptor († 1879 )
• July 10 : Arthur Helps , English writer († 1875 )
• July 12 : Claude Bernard , French physiologist († 1878 )
• July 13 : Theophil Hansen , Danish architect of historicism († 1891 )
• July 18 : Pierre Alphonse Laurent , French mathematician († 1854 )
• July 21 : Gottlieb Traugott Bienert , miller and baker, later industrialist († 1894 )
• July 28 : Alberto Mazzucato , Italian composer and music teacher († 1877 )

• 0August 2 : Adolf Werneburg , German name researcher and forester († 1886 )
• 0August 4 : Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly , Austrian statesman († 1871 )
• 0August 5 : Ivar Aasen , Norwegian poet and linguist († 1896 )
• 0August 6 : Karl Aulenbach , German poet († 1881 )
• August 10 : William Henry Fry , American composer and music critic († 1864 )
• August 18 : Erhard Ackermann , German stonemason († 1880 )
• August 20 : Henri Amat , French politician († 1891 )
• August 20 : Emil Keßler , German entrepreneur († 1867 )
• August 20 : Vladimir Alexandrovich Sollogub , Russian writer († 1882 )
• August 21 : Jean Servais Stas , Belgian chemist († 1891 )
• August 21 : Josef Groll , Bavarian master brewer († 1887 )
• August 23 : Rudolf Köpke , German historian and journalist († 1870 )
• August 23 : János Simor , Hungarian cardinal († 1891 )
• August 28 : Gustav August Freiherr von Aichelburg , German politician († 1882 )

September October

• 0September 6 : Isaac Butt , Irish lawyer, economist and politician († 1879 )
• 0September 6 : John Cassin , American ornithologist († 1869 )
• 0September 9 : Wilhelm Engelhard , German sculptor († 1902 )
• September 10 : Alexander von Münchhausen , Hanoverian statesman († 1886 )
• September 12 : Johann Heinrich Fierz , Swiss entrepreneur and member of the National Council († 1877 )
• September 13 : John Sedgwick , American general († 1864 )
• September 13 : Valérie de Gasparin , Swiss writer († 1894 )
• September 13 : Auguste Maquet , French writer († 1888 )
• September 17th : Victor Franz Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg , Austrian politician († 1858 )
• September 19 : Anton Bernhardi , German doctor, member of the cooperative, politician, social reformer and entrepreneur († 1889 )
• September 19 : Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters , German astronomer († 1890 )
• September 19 : Nikolaus Delius , English studies and Shakespeare researcher († 1888 )

• 0October 2 : Johann Friedrich Palm , German classical philologist and lexicographer († 1871 )
• 0October 3 : Moritz Wagner , German traveler, geographer and naturalist († 1887 )
• 0October 4 : William Gilpin , American politician († 1894 )
• 0October 5 : Ernst Haberbier , composer and Imperial Russian court pianist († 1869 )
• 0October 8 : Carl Amand Mangold , composer († 1889 )
• 0October 9 : John J. Pettus , American politician († 1867 )
• 0October 9 : Georg Waitz , German legal historian and medievalist († 1886 )
• October 10 : Mark Pattison , English author († 1884 )
• October 13 : Imre Henszlman , Hungarian archaeologist and esthete († 1888 )
• October 14 : Maximilien Joseph Moll , revolutionary († 1849 )
• October 16 : Johannes Ronge , German Catholic priest († 1887 )
• October 16 : Wilhelm Schubert , Baden merchant and politician († 1893 )
• October 16 : Julie von Webenau , German pianist and composer († 1887 )

Georg Buechner

• October 17 : Georg Büchner , German writer († 1837 )

Ludwig Leichhardt

• October 23 : Ludwig Leichhardt , German explorer, zoologist, botanist and geologist († 1848 )
• October 25 : Henry Smart , English organist and composer († 1879 )
• October 26 : Daniel D. Pratt , American politician († 1877 )
• October 27 : Dorothea Trudel , pastor and charismatic healer from Switzerland († 1862 )
• October 29 : Carl Ploug , Danish journalist and politician († 1894 )
• 000October : Giuseppe Verdi , Italian composer († 1901 )

November December

• 0November 4 : Lorenz Brentano , lawyer and politician from Baden († 1891 )
• 0November 9 : Charles Duclerc , French statesman, minister and prime minister († 1888 )
• November 13 : Allen G. Thurman , American politician († 1895 )
• November 15 : John L. O'Sullivan , American journalist († 1895 )
• November 16 : Josef Martin Knüsel , Swiss politician († 1889 )
• November 30th : Louise-Victorine Ackermann , French writer and member of the Parnassiens († 1890 )
• November 30 : Charles Valentin Alkan , French musician and composer († 1888 )
• November 30th : Hermann Kurz , German writer, publicist and translator († 1873 )
• November 30th : Friedrich Simony , geographer and alpine researcher († 1896 )

• 0December 2 : Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thaye : important master of the Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism ( Vajrayana ) († 1899 )
• 0December 6th : August Sicard von Sicardsburg , Austrian architect († 1868 )
• 0December 7 : Christian Tønsberg , Norwegian publisher of national romanticism († 1897 )
• 0December 8 : Jacob Georg Agardh , Swedish botanist († 1901 )
• 0December 8 : August Belmont , German-American banker and politician († 1890 )

Adolph Kolping

• 0December 8th : Adolph Kolping , German Catholic priest († 1865 )
• 0December 9 : Nicolas Adames , Bishop of Luxembourg († 1887 )
• December 19 : Thomas Andrews , Irish physicist and chemist († 1885 )
• December 19 : Nelson Dewey , American politician († 1889 )
• December 20 : Samuel Jordan Kirkwood , American politician († 1894 )
• December 21 : Philipp Galen , German writer and doctor († 1899 )
• December 23 : Joseph P. Comegys , American politician († 1893 )
• December 25 : Friedrich Wilhelm Weber , German epic poet († 1894 )
• December 29 : Karel Sabina , Czech publicist, writer and literary critic († 1877 )
• December 31 : Henry Bence Jones , English doctor († 1873 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Frederick Scott Archer , British sculptor and photography pioneer († 1857 )
• Auguste Charpentier , French painter († 1880 )
• Mullah Husayn , first letter of the living († 1849 )
• Pedro Ignacio Meza , Commander in Chief of the Paraguayan Navy († 1865 )
• Enoch Wedgwood , English entrepreneur († 1879 )
• Johann Leopold Zillmann , German missionary in Australia († 1892 )

Died

First half of the year

Christoph Martin Wieland

• January 11th : Giuseppe Aprile , Italian opera singer and castrato (* 1732 )
• January 20 : Christoph Martin Wieland , German poet, translator and editor of the Enlightenment (* 1733 )
• January 23 : George Clymer , American politician (* 1739 )
• January 24th : Theodore Sedgwick , American politician (* 1746 )
• 0February 3 : Samuel Ashe , American politician (* 1725 )
• February 17th : Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot , Franco-German landowner, royal Prussian captain and mayor of Essen (* 1775 )
• 0March 7th : Hans Jacob Mumenthaler , Swiss chemist and mechanic (* 1729 )
• March 13 : Georg Adolf Suckow , natural scientist (* 1751 )
• March 14 : Christian Ehregott Weinlig , German composer and Kreuzkantor (* 1743 )
• March 17th : Jacques Pierre Abbatucci , Corsican general (* 1723 )
• March 18 : Marie Catherine Brignole , Princess of Monaco and Princess of Condé (* 1737 )
• March 23 : Augusta Friederike Luise , Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Princess of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (* 1737 )
• March 30th : Johann Friedrich Hennert , German mathematician and astronomer (* 1733 )

Joseph-Louis Lagrange

• April 10 : Joseph-Louis Lagrange , Italian mathematician and astronomer (* 1736 )
• April 13 : Friederike Brion , lover of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (* 1752 )
• April 14 : Joachim Nicolas Eggert , Swedish composer and conductor (* 1779 )
• April 27 : Zebulon Pike , American officer and explorer (* 1779 )
• April 28 : Mikhail Illarionowitsch Kutusow , Russian Field Marshal General (* 1745 )
• 0May 1 : Jean-Baptiste Bessières , French general (* 1768 )
• 0May 2nd : Ferdinand von Prussia , Prussian major general (* 1730 )
• 0May 5 : Georg Friedrich von Kall , Prussian officer (* 1781 )
• May 10 : Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger , German zoologist and entomologist (* 1775 )
• May 11 : Amos Stoddard , American politician (* 1762 )
• 23 May : Géraud-Christophe-Michel Duroc , Napoleonic general, Grand Marshal of the Palace (* 1772 )
• 0June 3 : Wilhelm Gottlieb Becker , supervisor of the Dresden Antikengalerie, the Coin Cabinet and the Green Vault (* 1753 )
• 0June 8th : Carl Friedrich Leopold von Gerlach , Mayor of Berlin (* 1757 )
• June 18 : Hōseidō Kisanji , Japanese writer (* 1735 )
• June 19 : Johann Christoph Rincklake , romantic portrait painter (* 1764 )
• June 22nd : Anton Graff , portrait painter (* 1736 )
• June 25 : Johann von Ewald , Danish general (* 1744 )

Gerhard von Scharnhorst

• June 28th : Gerhard von Scharnhorst , Prussian general (* 1755 )

Second half of the year

• July 13 : Johann Friedrich Peter , American composer (* 1746 )
• July 15 : Gottlieb Bertrand , German author (* 1775 )
• July 22nd : George Shaw , English botanist and zoologist (* 1751 )
• July 29th : Andoche Junot , French general and adjutant to Napoleon (* 1771 )

• 0August 1st : Carl Stenborg , Swedish composer (* 1752 )
• August 10th : Francisco Antonio García Carrasco , Spanish officer and governor of Chile (* 1742 )
• August 20 : Johann Baptist Vanhal , Bohemian composer (* 1739 )
• August 23 : Alexander Wilson , Scottish ornithologist and poet (* 1766 )
• August 26th : Daniel Gottlob Türk , German organist and music theorist (* 1750 )

Theodor Körner, 1813/1814

• August 26 : Theodor Körner , German writer (* 1791 )
• August 27 : David von Andrássy , Hungarian military (* 1762 )

• 0September 2 : Jean-Victor Moreau , French general (* 1763 )
• 0September 4 : Jean-François Thomas de Thomon , French-Russian architect (* 1760 )
• 0September 4th : James Wyatt , British builder (* 1746 )
• 0September 5 : Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Arnim-Suckow , Prussian officer (* 1780 )
• September 12 : Edmund Randolph , Governor of Virginia, US Secretary of State, first US Attorney General (* 1753 )
• September 22 : Rose Bertin , French seamstress and hat maker (* 1747 )
• September 24th : André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry , French composer (* 1741 )

• 0October 5 : Eleonore Prochaska , German soldier (* 1785 )
• October 11 : Robert Kerr , Scottish author, translator and zoologist (* 1755 )
• October 19 : Józef Antoni Poniatowski , Polish general, Marshal of France (* 1763 )
• October 20 : Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau , French general (* 1755 )
• October 22 : Charles Scott (politician, 1739) , American politician (* 1739 )
• October 24 : Gottlob August Krille , German composer and Kreuzkantor (* 1779 )

• 0November 6 : Claude Charles Aubry de La Boucharderie , French division general (* 1773 )
• November 12th : Jean de Crèvecoeur , American writer (* 1735 )
• November 17 : Louis Marie de Narbonne-Lara , French military and politician (* 1755 )
• November 19 : Johann Ludwig Christ , German pastor, fruit growing expert and entomologist (* 1739 )
• November 22nd : Johann Gottfried Vierling , German organist and composer (* 1750 )
• November 22nd : Johann Christian Reil , founder of general and integrative psychotherapy (* 1759 )
• November 24th : Johann Bernhard Crespel , German lawyer and childhood friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (* 1747 )
• November 27th : Friedrich Wilhelm Bossann , German actor and theater director (* 1756 )
• November 29th : Giambattista Bodoni , Italian engraver, printer, typographer and publisher (* 1740 )
• November 30th : Friedrich August Baumbach , German composer and Freemason (* 1753 )
• November: John Colter , American trapper and explorer (* approx. 1774 )

• 0December 2 : Franz Joseph Konstantin Schömann , German legal scholar (* 1782 )
• December 10 : Jeanbon St. André , French prefect at the time of the Revolutionary Wars (* 1749 )
• December 11th : Johann Georg Purmann , German educator (* 1733 )
• December 17 : Johann Nicolaus Anton , German Lutheran theologian (* 1737 )
• December 19 : Markus Vetsch , Werdenberg freedom fighter, Switzerland (* 1759 )
• December 24th : Go-Sakuramachi , Empress of Japan (* 1740 )
• December 28 : Christian Ludwig Bachmann , German physician and music writer (* 1763 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra , Spanish clergyman (* 1745 )
• William George Browne , English explorer (* 1768 )
• Friedrich Pischelberger , double bass player (* 1741 )

Web links

Commons : 1813  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files