Daniel Gottlob Turk
Daniel Gottlob Türk (born August 10, 1750 in Claußnitz , † August 26, 1813 in Halle ) was a German organist , music theorist and composer .
Life
Daniel Gottlob Türk was born as the son of the Graflich-Schönburg musicus instrumentalis Daniel Türk. The father was a hosiery worker and occasionally worked as a clerk for the mining authorities. He gave the little god praise his first violin lessons and introduced him to the music that was to become his life.
As a student at the Dresden Kreuzschule , the cantor and Bach student Gottfried August Homilius became his musical mentor . From 1772 he studied for two years at the University of Leipzig , where he was strongly encouraged and influenced by the Thomaskantor Johann Adam Hiller . He introduced him to Baroque music (especially Handel) and laid the foundations for Türk's later successes through his excellent theoretical and practical work as a music teacher.
He received piano lessons from Johann Wilhelm Häßler for over three months . Thanks to Hiller's recommendation, in 1774 Türk received the cantorat at the Ulrichskirche in Halle and the associated position as music teacher at the Lutheran grammar school .
At his own request on April 18, 1779, he was given the right to hold lectures on the theory of music and the art of musical composition at the Friedrichs University in Halle. With this honorable appointment, Halle was also awarded the title of “University Music Director” for the first time. Türk was the second university music director ever appointed in Germany. His students there included u. a. the Zelter student Johann Friedrich Naue .
Türk formed an academic Collegium Musicum from the student community . He oversaw all university events musically and had students and professors as a permanent listener. When he began his concert activities, there was already a Collegium musicum in Halle, which was directed by the University Musicus, the flute player Johann Christoph Gottfried Weinmann . The initial competition soon turned into close cooperation when Weinmann became Turk's deputy in the unified Collegium musicum in 1782.
In 1783 he married Johanna Dorothea Rosine Schimmelpfennig, with whom he had two children. The musically gifted daughter worked as a concert pianist from an early age . In 1787, Türk became organist at the Frauenkirche in Halle.
He received an honorary doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty in 1808. At the same time he was promoted from the university to professor of music. After the death of his wife in 1808 he took over the leadership of the city choir . From 1810 on, he taught the highly talented Carl Loewe . In 1813, Türk fell ill with a severe liver disease, from the consequences of which he died shortly afterwards.
Türk made a special contribution to the revival of the music of George Frideric Handel . He composed 18 piano sonatas and several songs , including two cantatas for the Halle Masonic lodge "To the three swords" without being a member.
Works
His theoretical and didactic works are:
- Of the most important duties of an organist (Leipzig and Halle 1787, new edition by Naue. 1838)
- Piano school or instruction on how to play the piano for teachers and students with critical comments. (Leipzig and Halle 1789)
- Brief instructions on playing basso continuo (Leipzig 1791; 5th edition by Naue, 1841)
- Instructions for temperature calculations (Leipzig 1806, printed 1808)
literature
- Robert Eitner : Türk, Daniel Gottlob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 39, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1895, p. 12.
- Walter Serauky: Music History of the City of Halle , Second Volume, Second Half Volume From Wilhelm Friedemann Bach to Robert Franz , Max Niemeyer Verlag, Halle, 1942, pp. 135–233.
- Kathrin Eberl-Ruf: Daniel Gottlob Türk - an urban musician in the late 18th century . Beeskow 2011.
Web links
- Works by and about Daniel Gottlob Türk in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Daniel Gottlob Türk in the German Digital Library
- Daniel Gottlob Türk in the Internet Archive
- Research on Türk with the source
- Free sheet music on Musica Viva / Piano Parlor ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Sheet music and audio files by Daniel Gottlob Türk in the International Music Score Library Project
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Türk, Daniel Praise God |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German organist, music theorist and composer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 10, 1750 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Claussnitz near Chemnitz |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 26, 1813 |
| Place of death | Hall |