Johannes Ronge

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Johannes Ronge, lithograph by Eduard Kaiser , 1848. Ronges signature:
Signature Johannes Ronge.PNG

Johannes Ronge (born October 16, 1813 in Bischofswalde , Neisse district , Upper Silesia , † October 26, 1887 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ) was a German Catholic priest who criticized the reliquary cult of the Roman Catholic Church, which was instrumental in founding the Bund Freireligöser Communities and is considered the founder of German Catholicism .

Life

Ronge was born into a large farming family in Bischofswalde, attended grammar school in Neisse from 1827 to 1837 and studied Catholic theology at the University of Breslau from 1837 to 1839 , where he was a member of the Teutonia fraternity in Breslau in 1837 and attended the seminary ( alumnate ).

During the political pre-March period , the Roman Catholic Church in Germany was moved by the emergence of ultramontanism . After his ordination in 1841 Ronge was until 1843 a chaplain in Grottkau in Silesia , where he published the church critical essay "Rome and the Wroclaw cathedral chapter" in November 1842 in January 1843 to his suspension by the Breslauer Capitular and Bistumsadministor Joseph Ignaz Ritter led. In the autumn of 1844 he wrote an open letter to Wilhelm Arnoldi , the Bishop of Trier, against the Trier pilgrimage of 1844 , the exhibition of the coat of Christ , a relic , which made Ronge an idol festival ("idolatrous worship of the relics" and "unchristian drama") denounced. This letter, an open missive , was published in the Sächsische Vaterlandsblätter published by Robert Blum on October 13, 1844. This article was copied and distributed thousands of times, whereupon the Catholic Church, represented by the diocese administrator, Ronge, who had also called the pilgrimage spectacle "modern indulgence" and warned of the "tyrannical power of the Roman hierarchy", on 4 December excommunicated . On November 10th Heinrich Förster had preached a sermon in the cathedral ( The enemy comes when people sleep , from Matthew 13:25) against Ronge.

In January 1845 Ronge then called in Laurahütte near Beuthen / Upper Silesia , where he taught civil servant children of the ironworks after his suspension, to found a new "Rome-free" church, which in March 1845 gave itself the name German Catholic . The first service of the new "German-Catholic community" took place under their first pastor and preacher Ronge on March 9, 1845 in the poor house church in Breslau. At their synod in 1847, 259 parishes of the "German Catholics" were represented. This new reform movement - Karl von Holtei referred to Ronge as a "reformer" - was welcomed by liberal Protestantism , and later a combination of both reform elements was to come about, resulting in the movement known as free religious .

In 1848 Ronge took part in the Frankfurt pre-parliament and belonged to the radical democratic wing there. Because of his public criticism of the Prussian king in an article, he had to flee Germany in 1849 and emigrated to England, where in 1851 he met Bertha Traun, b. Meyer married civilly. In 1852 he founded the Humane Religious Community in London. After an amnesty, he was able to return to Germany as a preacher to his Breslau congregation in 1861, campaigned for the creation of a liberal national church and also tried to win over the Jewish reform congregations to the idea of ​​a general free religion in Germany. Ronge was a member of Freemasonry .

Fonts

  • “A Chaplain”: Rome and the Wroclaw Cathedral Chapter. (Correspondence from Silesia) In: Sächsische Vaterlands-Blätter. Volume 2, No. 135 10. (November), 1842, p. 559 f.
  • Rome and the Wroclaw Cathedral Chapter. 1843
  • Judgment of a Catholic priest on the holy coat at Trier. (Laurahütte, October 1st) In: Sächsische Vaterlands-Blätter. Volume 4, 1844, No. 164 (October 13th) 1844, p. 667 f.
  • Judgment of a Catholic priest on the "holy skirt" in Trier. J. Bagel, Wesel 1844 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
  • Johannes Ronge's first speech, given in the assembly of the free Christian (German-Catholic) community in Vienna, on September 17, 1848. Kaulfuß Witwe / Prandel & Comp., Vienna 1848.
  • The Reformation of the 19th Century . London, 1852
  • The national movement and religious reform . Frankfurt / M., 1862
  • New religious reform, organ of the German Reform Association for the promotion of free Protestant communities resp. the free German national church, kindergartens, schools, advanced training schools . Journal from 1864
  • Religious book for teaching youth in families and schools in the free religious, German-Catholic and free Protestant communities . Darmstadt, 1882

literature

  • Renate Bauer:  Ronge, Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 27 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Friedrich Heyer:  Johannes Ronge. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 15, Bautz, Herzberg 1999, ISBN 3-88309-077-8 , Sp. 1205-1212.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Hermann Hinrichs : Trier - Ronge - Schneidemühl in terms of state and federal law. A flying sheet from Professor Hinrichs for New Year 1845. Halle 1845 ( full text )
  • Paul Knötel: Johannes Ronge. In: Schlesische Lebensbilder. Breslau 1926, pp. 198-203.
  • Rochus von Liliencron:  Ronge, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 129 f.
  • Ronge . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 954.
  • Volker Mueller: Johannes Ronge and the Free Religious Movement.Lenz. Neu-Isenburg 2013. ISBN 978-3-943624-12-0 .
  • It moves, doesn't it? From the education to Ronge and then - how to proceed. With contributions from Dr. Volker Mueller, Dr. Eckhart Pilick, Renate Bauer, Dr. Ulrich Niess, Dipl.-Phil. Heinz Klos. Reports and viewpoints. Series of publications for free-spirited culture, Issue 28. Lenz. Neu-Isenburg 2013. ISBN 978-3-943624-14-4 .
  • Eckhart Pilick: Johannes Ronge. Four treatises with contemporary illustrations and unprinted letters from Ronges. Rohrbach 2015. ISBN 978-3-930760-80-0 .
  • Michael Sachs: 'Prince-Bishop and Vagabond'. The story of a friendship between the Prince-Bishop of Breslau Heinrich Förster (1799–1881) and the writer and actor Karl von Holtei (1798–1880). Edited textually based on the original Holteis manuscript. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 35, 2016 (2018), pp. 223–291, here: p. 243, note 57.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 5: R – S. Winter, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8253-1256-9 , pp. 110-112.
  2. ↑ At the grave of Ferdinand Lassalle. Raczeks.de ( Memento of the original dated August 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.raczeks.de
  3. ↑ Hugo Weczerka (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 164.
  4. ↑ Johannes Ronge: Judgment of a Catholic priest about the "holy skirt" in Trier. J. Bagel, Wesel 1844.
  5. ↑ Michael Sachs: 'Prince Bishop and Vagabond'. The story of a friendship between the Prince-Bishop of Breslau Heinrich Förster (1799–1881) and the writer and actor Karl von Holtei (1798–1880). Edited textually based on the original Holteis manuscript. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 35, 2016 (2018), pp. 223–291, here: p. 242 f. and 275.
  6. ↑ Michael Sachs (2016), p. 243.
personal data
SURNAME Ronge, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Catholic theologian; Teacher; poet
DATE OF BIRTH October 16, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH Bischofswalde near Ziegenhals
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1887
Place of death Vienna