Neisse district

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Neisse district
coat of arms
Wappen Landkreis Neisse.png
Prussian Province Silesia (1816–1919, 1938–1941)
Upper Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district Opole
County seat Neisse
Last district administrator Joachim Heine (1943–1945)
surface 712 km²
Residents 70,515 (1939)
Population density 99 inhabitants / km² (1939)
Cities 2
Communities 95
Silesia Kr Neisse.png
Neisse district, 1905

The Neisse district was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Neisse , which had formed its own urban district since 1911 . The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation

After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on November 25, 1741 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Neisse , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the two districts of Neisse and Grottkau were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Grottkau and Neisse . The circle Neisse initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

In the course of a border adjustment with the administrative district Reichenbach , the villages Nieder and Ober Plottnitz moved from the Neisse district to the Frankenstein district in 1817 .

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the district borders were changed as follows:

  • The villages of Jentsch and Stephansdorf moved from the Grottkau district to the Neisse district.
  • The villages of Eckwertsheide, Friedewalde, Geltendorf, Groß Briesen, Hennersdorf, Koppendorf, Mogwitz, Petersheide and Schönheide moved from the Neisse district to the Grottkau district.
  • The villages of Bauschwitz, Bielitz, Hermannshof, Groß Mahlendorf, Kaltecke, Lamsdorf and Schaderwitz moved from the Neisse district to the Falkenberg district .

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire. On July 1, 1911, the city of Neisse left the district and formed its own urban district. The Neisse district has since been referred to as a district .

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole . On January 1, 1921, the rural community of Ober Neuland from the Neisse district enlarged the Neisse district. On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Neisse district in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the previous administrative districts of Katowice and Opole .

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district became part of the People's Republic of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians then began in the district area. In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 61,757
1819 50.178
1846 83,840
1871 93,315
1885 100.177
1900 99,310
1910 101.223
1925 69,257
1939 70,515

District administrators

  • 1742–1754 00George Anton von Schimonsky
  • 1754–1756 00Johann Wenzel von Studnitz-Geroldschütz
  • 1756–1759 00Carl Abraham von Sebottendorff
  • 1764–1766 00Balthasar Leopold von Brauchitsch
  • 1768–1789 00Friedrich Ernst Constantin von Arnold
  • 1789–1811 00Samuel Moritz von Prittwitz and Gaffron
  • 1811–1812 00Leopold von Gilgenheimb
  • 1812–1823 00Joseph von Rottenberg
  • 1824–1829 00Ferdinand Hoffmann
  • 1829–1848 00Richard von Maubeuge (1820–1893)
  • 1848-1850 00Möcke
  • 1850–1852 00Wilhelm Richter
  • 1852-1858 Roman Xaver von Zakrzewski (1821-1891)00
  • 1859–1895 00Karl von Seherr-Thoß
  • 1895–1912 Constantine von Jerin (1838–1924)00
  • 1912–1933 Gisbert von Ellerts (* 1876)00
  • 1933–1943 Josef Heukeshoven (1901–1993)00
  • 1943–1945 00Joachim Heine

Local constitution

The Neisse district was divided into the towns of Neisse (until 1911) , Patschkau and Ziegenhals , in rural communities and manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The Neisse district last comprised two cities and 95 rural communities:

Incorporation until 1939
  • Friedrichseck , on April 1, 1935 in Ottmachau
  • Gräferei, on April 1, 1911 in Neisse
  • Guttwitz, in Bechau on April 1, 1938
  • Klein Warthe, on April 1, 1939 in Mannsdorf
  • Lentsch, on April 1, 1938 in Bischofswalde
  • Mährengasse, on April 1st, 1911 in Neisse
  • Mittel Neuland , on April 1, 1911 in Neisse
  • Neuland / Neisse , parish holy, on April 1, 1911 in Neisse
  • Nieder Jeutritz, on April 1, 1938 in Rothhaus
  • Ober Jeutritz, on April 1, 1938 at Rothhaus
  • Ober Neuland, on January 1st, 1921 at Neisse
  • Rottwitz, in Bechau on September 30, 1928
  • Schmolitz, on April 1, 1936 in Bechau
  • Stübendorf , on April 1, 1935 in Schammelwitz
  • Weitzenberg, on April 1, 1938 in Groß Neundorf
  • Wiesental, on April 1, 1939 in Peterwitz

Place names

The municipality of Alt Wette was called Polish Wette until 1925 . In 1936 several parishes in the Neisse district were renamed:

  • German Kamitz → Hermannstein OS
  • Dürr Kamitz → Dürnstein
  • Gostitz → Gostal
  • Jäglitz → Kleindorf
  • Kamitz → border valley
  • Korkwitz → Moeckendorf
  • Krackwitz → Wiesental
  • Lassoth → Grünfließ OS
  • Schlaupitz → Schlaubental
  • Struwitz → Struwendorf
  • Wischke → Lindendorf OS

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Neisse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  4. a b c d e f g Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  6. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
  7. Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
  8. Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 92 ( digitized version ).
  10. Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  12. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  13. a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  14. a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. neisse.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. a b District of Neisse administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.