Neisse district
Neisse district | |
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coat of arms | |
Prussian Province |
Silesia (1816–1919, 1938–1941) Upper Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945) |
Administrative district | Opole |
County seat | Neisse |
Last district administrator | Joachim Heine (1943–1945) |
surface | 712 km² |
Residents | 70,515 (1939) |
Population density | 99 inhabitants / km² (1939) |
Cities | 2 |
Communities | 95 |
Neisse district, 1905 |
The Neisse district was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Neisse , which had formed its own urban district since 1911 . The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation
After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on November 25, 1741 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.
In the Principality of Neisse , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the two districts of Neisse and Grottkau were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Grottkau and Neisse . The circle Neisse initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.
In the course of a border adjustment with the administrative district Reichenbach , the villages Nieder and Ober Plottnitz moved from the Neisse district to the Frankenstein district in 1817 .
During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the district borders were changed as follows:
- The villages of Jentsch and Stephansdorf moved from the Grottkau district to the Neisse district.
- The villages of Eckwertsheide, Friedewalde, Geltendorf, Groß Briesen, Hennersdorf, Koppendorf, Mogwitz, Petersheide and Schönheide moved from the Neisse district to the Grottkau district.
- The villages of Bauschwitz, Bielitz, Hermannshof, Groß Mahlendorf, Kaltecke, Lamsdorf and Schaderwitz moved from the Neisse district to the Falkenberg district .
North German Confederation / German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire. On July 1, 1911, the city of Neisse left the district and formed its own urban district. The Neisse district has since been referred to as a district .
On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole . On January 1, 1921, the rural community of Ober Neuland from the Neisse district enlarged the Neisse district. On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Neisse district in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the previous administrative districts of Katowice and Opole .
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district became part of the People's Republic of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians then began in the district area. In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .
Population development
year | Residents | source |
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1795 | 61,757 | |
1819 | 50.178 | |
1846 | 83,840 | |
1871 | 93,315 | |
1885 | 100.177 | |
1900 | 99,310 | |
1910 | 101.223 | |
1925 | 69,257 | |
1939 | 70,515 |
District administrators
- 1742–1754 George Anton von Schimonsky
- 1754–1756 Johann Wenzel von Studnitz-Geroldschütz
- 1756–1759 Carl Abraham von Sebottendorff
- 1764–1766 Balthasar Leopold von Brauchitsch
- 1768–1789 Friedrich Ernst Constantin von Arnold
- 1789–1811 Samuel Moritz von Prittwitz and Gaffron
- 1811–1812 Leopold von Gilgenheimb
- 1812–1823 Joseph von Rottenberg
- 1824–1829 Ferdinand Hoffmann
- 1829–1848 Richard von Maubeuge (1820–1893)
- 1848-1850 Möcke
- 1850–1852 Wilhelm Richter
- 1852-1858 Roman Xaver von Zakrzewski (1821-1891)
- 1859–1895 Karl von Seherr-Thoß
- 1895–1912 Constantine von Jerin (1838–1924)
- 1912–1933 Gisbert von Ellerts (* 1876)
- 1933–1943 Josef Heukeshoven (1901–1993)
- 1943–1945 Joachim Heine
Local constitution
The Neisse district was divided into the towns of Neisse (until 1911) , Patschkau and Ziegenhals , in rural communities and manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.
Communities
The Neisse district last comprised two cities and 95 rural communities:
- Incorporation until 1939
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Place names
The municipality of Alt Wette was called Polish Wette until 1925 . In 1936 several parishes in the Neisse district were renamed:
- German Kamitz → Hermannstein OS
- Dürr Kamitz → Dürnstein
- Gostitz → Gostal
- Jäglitz → Kleindorf
- Kamitz → border valley
- Korkwitz → Moeckendorf
- Krackwitz → Wiesental
- Lassoth → Grünfließ OS
- Schlaupitz → Schlaubental
- Struwitz → Struwendorf
- Wischke → Lindendorf OS
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 960-1036 .
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 183-185, item 15.
- Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 122 ff .
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 398–407 .
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
- ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
- ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
- ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
- ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 92 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
- ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. neisse.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b District of Neisse administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.