Biechów

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Biechów
Bechau
Biechów Bechau does not have a coat of arms
Biechów Bechau (Poland)
Biechów Bechau
Biechów
Bechau
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Nysa
Gmina : Pakoslawice
Geographic location : 50 ° 33 '  N , 17 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '18 "  N , 17 ° 15' 13"  E
Height : 240-270 m npm
Residents : 320 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code : 48-314
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : ONY
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Wroclaw Airport



Biechów (German Bechau ) is a village in the rural municipality of Pakosławice in Poland . It is located in the powiat Nyski (Neisse district) in the Opole Voivodeship .

geography

Geographical location

The street village of Biechów is located in the southwest of the historical region of Upper Silesia . The place is about eight kilometers west of the municipal seat Pakosławice , about eleven kilometers northwest of the district town Nysa and about 55 kilometers southwest of the voivodeship capital Opole .

Biechów lies in the Nizina Śląska ( Silesian Plain ) within the Równina Grodkowska ( Grottkau Plain ). The place is on the edge of the Biechowski Las ( Bechauer forest ).

Districts

Districts of Biechów are Godkowice ( Guttwitz ) and Radowice ( Vorwerk Rottwitz ).

Neighboring places

Neighboring places of Biechów are Smolice ( Schmollwitz ) in the east, Nowaki ( Nowag ) in the south and Słupice ( Schlaupitz ) in the south-west .

history

Bechau Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection
Bechau Castle (2014)
Castle chapel

Biechów was first mentioned in a document around 1300 as Bechow . It belonged to the Ottmachau castellanei and, together with this, came to the Principality of Neisse , which belonged to the Breslau bishops and did not gain full sovereignty until 1333. In 1342, Bishop Preczlaw von Pogarell subordinated the principality of Neisse with the associated territories as a fief to the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and thus under the crown of Bohemia , which came to the Habsburgs in 1526 . The manor of Bechau changed hands several times. In the 16th century it belonged to the notary of the episcopal chancellery and Schweidnitz governor Matthäus von Logau († 1567), whose son was the Wroclaw Bishop Kaspar von Logau . After the Thirty Years' War , Georg Ludwig von Starhemberg acquired the Bechau estate, who sold it to Count von Hoditz in 1658. In 1720 it came to the von Montbach family.

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Stephansdorf and most of Silesia fell to Prussia .

After the Prussian part of the Principality of Neisse was secularized in 1810 and placed under secular power, Bechau was incorporated into the Neisse district in the Opole administrative district in 1815 . In 1845 there was a castle chapel, a mill and 31 other houses in the village. In the same year 235 people lived in Bechau, nine of them Protestants. In 1855 there were 289 people living in the village. In 1856 the rule of Bechau came to Count Eloi Maria Matuschka-Topolczan (1834-1884), who arranged for the castle, which burned down in 1854, to be rebuilt. In 1865 there were 19 gardeners and four cottagers as well as a mill and a school. In 1874, in his capacity as the manor owner, he became the head of the newly formed district of Bechau, which also included the villages of Guttwitz (since 1945 Godkowice ), Rottwitz ( Radowice ) and Schlaupitz ( Słupice ) as well as the manor districts of the same name. In 1885 Bechau consisted of 389 inhabitants.

In 1932 a sub-area of ​​the rural community of Bechau (18.475 ha) was reclassified to the district of Grottkau . In 1933 437 inhabitants were counted, in 1939 there were 419. Until 1945 the place was in the district of Neisse .

As a result of the Second World War , Bechau fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia, and was renamed Biechów . The German population was largely expelled. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . 1950 Biechów came to the Opole Voivodeship. In 1999 the place came to the re-established Powiat Nyski .

Attractions

  • Bechau Castle was built in the neo-renaissance style from 1856–1863 by the landowner Eloi Maria Graf Matuschka-Topolczan based on a design by the architect Carl Johann Lüdecke . After 1945 the castle was partly used for school purposes. Today it houses a school for nutrition and housekeeping. Some of the paintings in the painting and art gallery, which was important until 1945, are now in the museum in Nysa ( Muzeum Nyskie ).
  • Castle chapel in neo-Gothic style, built at the beginning of the 20th century
  • 400-year-old oak on the road towards Grodków

literature

Web links

Commons : Biechów  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on July 6, 2017
  2. ↑ http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz54040.html
  3. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 23.
  4. ↑ a b Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Breslau 1865, p. 999.
  5. ↑ a b Territorial district of Biechau
  6. ↑ AGoFF circle Neisse
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Neisse district (Polish Nysa). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ [1] and [2]