District of Kreuzburg OS

The Kreuzburg district on a map from 1905

The district of Kreuzburg OS (earlier spelling Creutzburg ) was a Prussian district in Silesia that existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Kreuzburg OS. The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on November 25, 1741 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Brieg , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the Kreuzburg-Pitschen district was formed from the old Silesian soft images of Kreuzburg and Pitschen, to which the Konstadt district was also assigned, which from a dynastic point of view belonged to the Principality of Oels . Sylvius Adolph von Kittlitz and Ottendorf was appointed as the first district administrator in the Kreuzburg-Pitschen district. The Kreuzburg-Pitschen district was initially subject to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber and was historically viewed as part of Lower Silesia. At the end of the 18th century, the name part "Pitschen" was dispensed with. In the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms , the Kreuzburg district in the province of Silesia was initially assigned to the Breslau administrative district , but on May 1, 1820, it was reclassified to the Opole administrative district . Since then, the district has been considered part of Upper Silesia . The district office was in the meantime in Konstadt, but was moved back to Kreuzburg on January 1, 1880. Since the spelling of the name of the city and the district fluctuated between Creutzburg, Creuzburg and Kreuzburg, the city and district name was officially set to Kreuzburg in Upper Silesia on September 23, 1881. Later the short name Kreuzburg OS finally prevailed.

On November 8, 1919, the Province of Silesia was divided into the Province of Lower Silesia (administrative districts Liegnitz and Breslau) and Province of Upper Silesia (administrative district Opole). On September 30, 1928, the Neuhof manor district was reclassified from the Rosenberg OS district to the Kreuzburg OS district.

A year later, on September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Kreuzburg OS district as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Kreuzburg OS district received the designation Landkreis , in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

During the Second World War , the Red Army conquered the district at the end of January 1945 and placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland in March 1945 . The influx of Poles began in the district, some of them from the areas of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union east of the Curzon Line . In the following years the German population from the district sold .

Today the powiat Kluczborski , which partially coincides with the former district area, is in the Opole Voivodeship .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	23,132
1819	20,625
1846	38,118
1871	42,043
1885	43,826
1900	48,243
1910	51.906
1925	53,197
1939	50,301

District administrators

1742–1771 00Sylvius Adolph von Kittlitz and Ottendorf

1771–1800 00Adolf Sylvius von Ohlen and Adlerscron (1727–1800)

1800–1815 00Ernst Gottlieb von Taubadel (1753–1821)

1815-1818 00from Randau

1818–1826 00Ludwig Heinrich Adolf von Taubadel (1786–1826)

1826– 000000by Wissel

1825-1845 00by Bethusy

1845–1858 00August von Monts

1858– 000000by Koppy

1880 0000000by Monts

1880–1887 Eduard Georg von Bethusy-Huc (1829–1893)00

1887–1898 00Otto von Watzdorf

1898–1912 00Ferdinand von Damnitz

1912–1933 00Friedrich von Baerensprung

1933–1934 00Erich Heidtmann (* 1880)

1934– 000000Herbert von Oelffen

Local constitution

The Kreuzburg OS district was divided into the cities of Konstadt, Kreuzburg OS and Pitschen , in rural communities and in manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district of Kreuzburg OS last comprised three cities and 63 rural communities:

Albrechtsthal Old oaks Angersdorf Auenfelde Bankau Baumgarten Berthelschütz Bee village Birkdorf Birch field Bischdorf Brune Buddenbrock Burgsdorf Free advance work Goslau Gottersdorf

Border fields Groß Blumenau Great Germans Jakobsdorf Jeroltschütz Pine grove Kirchlinden Klein Blumenau Little Germans Klein Margsdorf Kochelsdorf Konstadt , city Konstadt-Ellguth Kornfelde Kostau Kreuzburg OS , city Kuhnau

Ludwigsdorf Margsdorf Matzdorf Wet needle Neudorf Lower Ellguth Lower Kunzendorf Lower Schmardt Niederweiden Upper Ellguth Upper Kunzendorf Ober Schmardt Oberweiden Omechau Pitschen , city Prittwitz-Steinberg Reinersdorf

Roses Röstfelde Sarnau Ellguth Castle Schönfeld Schönwald Simmenau Scaling Stobertal Ullrichsdorf Groves Wesendorf Wilmsdorf Wound protection Wüttendorf

The rural communities of Nieder Rosen and Ober Rosen were merged on January 1, 1907 to form the rural community of Rosen.

Place names

In 1935/36 several communities in the Kreuzburg OS district were renamed:

• Alt Tschapel → Stobertal
• Borek → groves
• Bresinke → Birkdorf
• Brinitze → pine grove
• German Würbitz → Niederweiden OS
• Frei Tschapel → Freivorwerk
• Golkowitz → old oaks
• Jaschkowitz → Auenfelde
• Lowkowitz → Bienendorf
• Polanowitz → Kornfelde
• Polish Würbitz → Würbitz → Oberweiden OS
• Proschlitz → Angersdorf
• Roschkowitz → Röstfelde
• Schiroslawitz → Grenzfelde
• Woislawitz → Kirchlinden

Personalities

• Andreas von Aulock (1893–1968), officer born in Kochelsdorf
• Hubertus von Aulock (1891–1979), major general born in Kochelsdorf
• Gustav Freytag (1816–1895), writer born in Kreuzburg
• Victor Kaluza (1896–1974), teacher born in Lowkowitz and author of young people and non-fiction
• Heinz Piontek (1925–2003), writer born in Kreuzburg

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 144-201 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 172, point 5.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 290–295 .
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Kreuzburg OS  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The abbreviation OS stands for "Upper Silesia"
2. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
3. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
4. ^ Description of the Kreuzburg-Pitschen district from 1792
5. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1820 . Announcement on the reclassification of the Kreuzburg district. Breslau, S. 113 ( digitized version ).
8. ↑ https://books.google.de/books?id=kRg_AAAAcAAJ&vq=Creuzburg&hl=de&pg=PA113#v=onepage&q&f=false
9. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
10. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
11. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 90 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
13. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
14. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
15. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
16. ^ ^{A b c d} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. kreuzburg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
17. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 701 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
18. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1005 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
19. ↑ ^{a b} Landkreis Kreuzburg OS administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.