Schweidnitz district
The district of Schweidnitz was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Schweidnitz , which had formed its own urban district since 1899 . The former district area is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia
After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.
In the principality of Schweidnitz , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the four Prussian districts Bolkenhain-Landeshut, Reichenbach , Schweidnitz and Striegau were formed from old Silesian soft images . Carl Siegmund von Zedlitz and Leipe was appointed as the first district administrator in the Schweidnitz district. The Schweidnitz district was under the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber until it was assigned to the Reichenbach administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .
On January 1, 1818, the new Waldenburg district was formed from the southwestern part of the Schweidnitz district . After the dissolution of the Reichenbach administrative district, the Schweidnitz and Waldenburg districts were assigned to the Breslau administrative district on May 1, 1820 .
North German Confederation / German Empire
From July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On April 1, 1899, the city of Schweidnitz was raised to a separate urban district . This gave the Schweidnitz district the name of a district .
On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . As of September 30, 1929, almost all manor districts in the Schweidnitz district were dissolved in accordance with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia and assigned to neighboring rural communities. At the same time the manor district of Költschenbusch was converted from the district of Schweidnitz to the district of Reichenbach i. Schles. reclassified.
On October 1, 1932, most of the dissolved Striegau district and the rural community of Borganie from the Neumarkt district were incorporated into the Schweidnitz district. At the same time, the district gave the town of Zobten and the rural communities of Altenburg, Bankwitz, Groß Mohnau, Groß Silsterwitz, Kapsdorf , Klein Silsterwitz, Kristelwitz, Marxdorf, Michelsdorf, Mörschelwitz-Rosenthal, Protschkenhain, Queitsch, Rogau-Rosenau , Striegelmühle, Ströbel and Wernersdorf to the Wroclaw district .
On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On October 1, 1938, the city district of Schweidnitz was enlarged by integrating parts of the communities Kroischwitz, Nieder Bögendorf and Schönbrunn from the district. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .
Population development
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1795 | 82,059 | |
| 1819 | 47.117 | |
| 1846 | 68.182 | |
| 1871 | 82.016 | |
| 1885 | 95.011 | |
| 1900 | 71,812 | |
| 1910 | 71,866 | |
| 1925 | 70,679 | |
| 1939 | 93,860 |
District administrators
- 1742–1756 Carl Siegmund von Zedlitz-Leipe
- 1756–1766 Heinrich Wilhelm von Zedlitz-Leipe
- 1766–1789 by Dresky
- 1789– Wilhelm Hans Ernst von Czettritz
- 1812– Emanuel von Woikowsky
- 1833–1840 Eduard Hufeland
- 1842–1846 Eduard von Gellhorn
- 1846– Ubaldo von Gellhorn
- 1863–1869 Karl von Pückler-Burghauß
- 1870–1889 Hans von Zedlitz-Leipe
- 1890–1919 Dietrich von Zedlitz-Leipe
- 1919 by Hundt and Alt Grottkau ( provisional )
- 1919–1931 Gotthilf von Salisch
- 1931–1932 Wilhelm Brandes
- 1932–1935 Otto Ehrensberger
- 1935 Hans von Studnitz ( substitute )
- 1935 Helmut Grande ( substitute )
- 1935–1938 Karl Ferdinand Edler von der Planitz (1893–1945)
- 1935–1945 Wilhelm Adam (1906–1989)
Local constitution
The Schweidnitz district has been divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.
Communities
The district of Schweidnitz last comprised two cities and 103 rural communities:
|
|
|
The following incorporations took place in the district up to 1937:
|
|
Place names
Berghof-Mohnau was called Wenig Mohnau until 1928 and Gräditz was called Königlich Gräditz until 1930 . The names of the following municipalities were changed in 1937:
- Borganie → Bergen (Kr. Schweidnitz)
- Stanowitz → location
- Czechs → Friedrichsrode (Lower Silesian)
Personalities
- Manfred Kanther , politician
- Helmuth James Graf von Moltke , resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Manfred von Richthofen , fighter pilot in the First World War
- Emil Krebs , polyglot, sinologist, diplomat
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 201–202, item 15.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general population census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 130-139 ( facsimile in Google book search).
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
- ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
- ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d e Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
- ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
- ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 88 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
- ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. schweidnitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ District of Schweidnitz administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.
Sub-provinces: Lower Silesia | Upper Silesia
Administrative districts: Wroclaw | Katowice | Liegnitz | Opole | Reichenbach
Independent cities: Bytom OS | Wroclaw | Brieg | Gliwice | Glogau | Goerlitz | Grünberg i. Schles. | Hindenburg OS | Hirschberg i. Rsgb. | Katowice | Königshütte | Liegnitz | Neisse | Opole | Ratibor | Schweidnitz | Waldenburg (Schles)
Counties: Bytom | Beuthen-Tarnowitz | Bolkenhain | Wroclaw | Brieg | Bunzlau | Cosel | Falkenberg | Frankenstein | Fraustadt | Freystadt | Glatz | Glogau | Goldberg | Goldberg-Haynau | Goerlitz | Groß Strehlitz | Gross Wartenberg | Grottkau | Grünberg | Guhrau | Good day | Habelschwerdt | Hindenburg | Hirschberg | Hoyerswerda | Jauer | Katowice | Kreuzburg | State hat | Lauban | Leobschütz | Liegnitz | Löwenberg | Lüben | Lublinitz | Militsch | Münsterberg | Namslau | Neisse | Neumarkt | Neurode | Neustadt | Nimptsch | Oels | Ohlau | Opole | Pleas | Ratibor | Reichenbach | Rosenberg | Rothenburg | Rybnik | Sagan | Schönau | Schweidnitz | Sprottau | Steinau | Chasing | Striegau | Tarnowitz | Tost-Gleiwitz | Trebnitz | Waldenburg | Wohlau
Coordinates: 50 ° 51 ′ N , 16 ° 19 ′ E