Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer

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The Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer was temporarily separated from the Silesian duchies of Jauer and Schweidnitz. They were permanently connected from 1346 and were ruled by the Schweidnitzer branch of the Silesian Piasts until 1368 . Their areas originally belonged to the duchies of Liegnitz and Breslau . Places of residence were Jauer and Schweidnitz and Fürstenstein Castle in the Waldenburger Bergland .

After the death of Duke Bolko II of Schweidnitz , the domains of Schweidnitz-Jauer fell under inheritance law to the Crown of Bohemia , with Bolko II's widow Agnes von Habsburg being entitled to usufruct until her death in 1392 .

Duchy of Jauer

Coat of arms of the Duchy of Jauer
Jauer Castle

The Duchy of Jauer was spun off from the Duchy of Liegnitz during Duke Boleslaw II's lifetime in 1274/77 for his eldest son, Heinrich V. In addition to Jauer, the rulership included the cities of Bolkenhain , Landeshut , Liebau , Löwenberg , Schönau an der Katzbach and, from 1277, Striegau .

When Heinrich V became Duke of Liegnitz after the death of his father in 1278, the second-born Bolko I and his younger brother Bernhard I initially received the Duchy of Jauer together .

In 1281 Bolko I spun off the Löwenberg area for his brother Bernhard I from the Duchy of Jauer , which also became the seat of its own duchy. When Bernhard died just five years later, Bolko inherited the Duchy of Löwenberg, which he reunited with his Duchy of Jauer.

After Bolko's death in 1301, his three sons ruled the inherited territories together. It was not until 1308 Jawor was again as independent duchy the second son Henry I assigned. After his death in 1346, under Duke Bolko I, it was reunited permanently with the Duchy of Schweidnitz and subsequently referred to as the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer.

Duchy of Schweidnitz or from 1346 Schweidnitz-Jauer

Coat of arms of the Duchy of Schweidnitz

The Duchy of Schweidnitz was established in 1290/91 when Heinrich V von Liegnitz, who was appointed Duke of Wroclaw by the Bohemian King Wenceslaus II in the same year , gave the southern part of the Duchy of Wroclaw to his brother Bolko I von Jauer . With the donation, Heinrich V hoped that his brother would support him in the fight with his rival Heinrich III. from Glogau . To the First so on Bolko reached area cities were Miinsterberg , Frankenstein , chasing , Reichenbach and Schweidnitz . This domain corresponded to the later duchies of Schweidnitz and Münsterberg . In addition to Schweidnitz, the place of residence was also Fürstenstein Castle .

In 1295 Bolko I tried unsuccessfully to appropriate the Breslau diocese land . However, he got to the city of Patschkau . From Heinrich III. von Glogau he acquired Haynau , whose income he used for the sons of his brother Heinrich V, who died in 1296, who were under his tutelage.

After Bolko I's death in 1301, his not yet of legal age sons were initially under the tutelage of their mother Beatrix († 1316) and her brother Hermann von Brandenburg . 1308 was divided into partial duchies.

  • Duke Bernhard II († 1326) kept the Duchy of Schweidnitz, which had been reduced to the following areas.
  • Heinrich I got Jauer, which again became an independent duchy and after his death in 1346 was reunited with Schweidnitz.
  • The youngest brother Bolko II was initially under the tutelage of the oldest brother. After reaching the age of majority in 1321, he founded the Duchy of Münsterberg . Its piastic line expired in 1428 with Duke Johann .
Sarcophagus Bolkos II in the prince chapel of Grüssau monastery

The last Duke of Schweidnitz from the Piast line was Bolko II of Schweidnitz . In contrast to the other Silesian duchies, who gave their territories to Bohemia as a fief before 1335 , Bolko II initially refused to join his duchy to Bohemia. Together with the Polish King Casimir I and the Roman-German Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian , he formed an anti-Luxembourg coalition. Presumably for this reason the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg besieged the city of Schweidnitz. It was only with the Treaty of Namslau in 1348 that there was pacification between Bolko II and the Bohemian King Charles IV , who placed great value on friendship with Bolko II. He succeeded in 1350 when he was able to arrange the marriage of Bolko II's niece Anna von Schweidnitz with his son Wenzel, who had been born shortly before. At the same time it was agreed that Anna should be the heiress of the Duchy of Schweidnitz if her guardian Bolko II should die without heirs. In this case, Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg was granted a lifelong usufruct over the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer. The wedding between Anna von Schweidnitz and Karl's son Wenzel did not take place, as he died in 1351 at the age of only one year. After Karl's second wife Anna von der Pfalz died on February 2, 1353 , the now widowed Karl married Anna von Schweidnitz, then ten years old, in the same year. In 1346 he was elected Roman-German King and in 1355 he was crowned Roman-German Emperor . Anna bore him the heir to the throne Wenceslaus IV in 1361 .

King Wenceslaus IV (1361-1419)

Duke Bolko II died without descendants in 1368. His niece Anna von Schweidnitz, whose marriage estate was to be Schweidnitz-Jauer, died in 1362. That is why the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer inherited her son and heir to the throne Wenceslaus IV declared of legal age by his father Charles IV to preserve the inheritance. Because of the usufruct of Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg, Wenzel, who had been Roman-German since 1376 and King of Bohemia since 1378, was only able to place his hereditary principality Schweidnitz-Jauer under the crown of Bohemia after her death in 1392 . As early as 1387 he had made the Bohemian nobleman Benesch von Chusnik ( Beneš z Chousníka , † 1410) an advisor to the duchess's widow and promoted him to governor of the hereditary duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer in 1392 . He was followed in 1404 by Johann Kruschina von Lichtenburg .

In the 15th century, the Schweidnitz-Jauer estates tried to bind themselves more closely to Bohemia and thus to separate themselves from the Silesian princes and estates. From 1457 Johann II von Rosenberg held the office of governor. During the rule of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus over Silesia, the Prague state parliament demanded that he cede Schweidnitz-Jauer. Presumably to remind the stalls that Schweidnitz-Jauer is an integral part of Silesia, King Matthias went to Schweidnitz in the same year.

In 1526, the Hereditary Principality of Schweidnitz-Jauer, together with the Crown of Bohemia, came to the Habsburgs in their capacity as kings of Bohemia. From 1624 to 1637 it was formally a fiefdom of Archduke Ferdinand III. After the First Silesian War in 1742, the territory fell to Prussia . In 1807 it was dissolved by the Prussian administrative reforms.

The districts of Schweidnitz , Jauer , Waldenburg , Hirschberg , Goldberg , Löwenberg and Bunzlau emerged from the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer .

Dukes of Jauer

Dukes of Schweidnitz

Governors of the Hereditary Principality of Schweidnitz-Jauer

literature

Web links

Commons : Duchy of Schweidnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ Ludwig Petry , Josef Joachim Menzel, Winfried Irgang (ed.): History of Silesia. Volume 1: From prehistoric times to 1526. 5th, revised edition. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-6341-5 , p. 208.
  3. ↑ See Colditz's root list
  4. ^ Walter Finke: Goldbergbau im Boberland , accessed on October 28, 2012.
  5. ↑ http://www.rohnstock-schlesien.de/schloss.html
  6. ↑ Biography after Schaffgotsch, Kaspar Freiherr von in the German biography , LH after Johann II. (Oppeln-Ratibor)
  7. ^ Johann Friedrich Ernst Würffel: First complete chronicle of the city of Freiburg i. Schl. edited from the original sources , Freiburg i. Silesia, ca.1938, p. 11.
  8. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon , Leipzig 1870.
  9. ↑ http://www.rathay-biographien.de/persoenitäten-/B--/Bibran  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. u Modlau / bibran modlau.htm@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rathay-biographien.de  
  10. ↑ Johann Schwerdling: history of ancient and for centuries to sovereign and country highly deserved, sometimes handsomely, partly Count's house Starhemberg . Jos. Feichtinger , Linz 1830, p. 238 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ^ Robert Luft:  Nostitz (also Nostiz, Nostic). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , pp. 350-354 ( digitized version ).
  12. ↑ Julius Krebs:  Schaffgotsch, Christoph Leopold Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, p. 541.
  13. ↑ Michael Sachs: The flight of the evangelical wife Anna Magdalena von Reibnitz (1664– ~ 1745) with her five children from Silesia, threatened by forced Catholicization, in 1703 - a mood picture from the age of the Counter Reformation and Pietism. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 221–263, here: pp. 229–232.