Świebodzice

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Świebodzice
Świebodzice coat of arms
Świebodzice (Poland)
Świebodzice
Świebodzice
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Świdnica
Area : 30.45  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 51 ′  N , 16 ° 19 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 51 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 249 m npm
Residents : 22,793
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 58-160
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DSW
Economy and Transport
Street : Wałbrzych - Legnica
Rail route : Wrocław Świebodzki – Wałbrzych Głowny
Next international airport : Wroclaw Airport
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 22,793
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 0219021
Administration (as of 2019)
Mayor : Paweł Ozga
Address: Rynek 1
58-160 Świebodzice
Website : www.swiebodzice.pl



Świebodzice [ ɕfʲɛbɔˈʥiʦɛ ] (German Freiburg in Schlesien ) is a city in the powiat Świdnicki of the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia .

Geographical location

Cityscape with the baroque towers of the town hall and the former Protestant town church

The city is located in southwest Lower Silesia on the Polsnitz ( Pełcznica ), just under ten kilometers north of the city of Wałbrzych ( Waldenburg ) and about 60 kilometers southwest of the Silesian metropolis of Wroclaw .

To the south of the village is the Fürstenstein Castle , the largest castle in Silesia .

history

From the founding of the city to the early modern era

Town hall, built in 1790
ring

"Vriburg", first mentioned in a document in 1242, was probably founded before 1228 from Freyburg an der Unstrut . His Weichbild , which included the villages around Salzbrunn that were built before 1221 , was initially subordinate to Schweidnitz . In 1243 the Freiburg castle fiefdom owned Merbot von Czettritz ( Czetteras ). For the year 1268 a branch church is documented, which belonged to the parish Polsnitz.

Until 1274/77 Freiburg belonged to the Duchy of Liegnitz and after its division in 1278 it came to the Duchy of Jauer . In 1279 Freiburg had Magdeburg law . The ducal castle was relocated to the more favorably located Fürstenstein under Duke Bolko I , who ruled from 1291 to 1301 . In 1337 he granted Freiburg the privilege of serving beer as well as the miles right over the villages of Zirlau, Adelsbach , Salzbrunn, Liebichau ( Lubiechów ), Sybottendorf and Kunzendorf ( Mokrzeszów ). After the death of Duke Bolko II in 1364, Freiburg and the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer inherited the underage Bohemian King Wenceslaus , who was a son of Bolkos II's deceased niece Anna von Schweidnitz . However, Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg was entitled to usufruct over the duchy until her death in 1392 . Subsequently, Freiburg, which was an agricultural town , came under the rule of the prince stone, which was acquired in 1400 by the later governor Jan von Chotěmice . In 1412 he donated a hospital to the city of Freiberg.

In the 15th century Freiburg was surrounded by a city wall, in which the Schweidnitzer, Nieder- or Striegauer and Ober- or Bolkenhainer Tor were located. With a document exhibited in the oven , the Bohemian King Vladislav II granted the city ​​of Friborg permission to hold a fair in 1492. Together with the castle and rule of Fürstenstein, Freiburg came to Conrad von Hohberg in 1509 , who subsequently became governor of the hereditary principality of Schweidnitz-Jauer. In 1510, King Vladislav II granted permission to hold a weekly and horse market. In 1528 the Freiburgers accepted the Protestant creed. For the year 1599, there are 20 bakers, 32 breeders and 28 shoemakers in Freiburg.

Silesian War and Industrialization

The entrance building of the Freiburg train station, built in 1869

In the Thirty Years' War Freiburg was almost completely destroyed. In 1653 the parish church, which had served as a Protestant church since the Reformation in the 15th century, was returned to the Catholics and the Protestants were referred to the Schweidnitzer Friedenskirche . In 1776 they got their own church in Freiburg.

After the First Silesian War , Freiburg and most of Silesia fell to Prussia in 1742 . A fire caused severe damage in 1781, with more than 300 houses, the parish church and the town hall with a valuable archive being destroyed. The town hall was rebuilt in 1781 by order of King Friedrich II . With the Prussian reforms of 1807/10 Freiburg was the manorial solved. In 1816 it was incorporated into the Schweidnitz district, with which it remained connected until 1945.

An economic boom came with the commissioning of the railway connection Breslau – Schweidnitz – Freiburg , which opened in 1844 and was extended to Waldenburg and Hirschberg in 1853 . The station building was built in 1869. The canvas factory Karl Friedrich Kramsta was founded as early as 1809 and watch manufacture developed from the middle of the 19th century. Freiburg was a garrison town from 1860 to 1890 . The school system also gained importance: in 1873 there was a higher middle school, from 1903 an upper secondary school and from 1938 an upper school.

20th century

From around 1944 to 1945 there was a satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp in Freiburg .

In 1945, Freiburg belonged to the district Swidnica in district Breslau the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Reich .

After the end of the Second World War , Freiburg, like almost all of Silesia, was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces . Freiburg received the Polish place name Świebodzice . Most of the German population was evicted by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the newly settled residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union .

From 1975 to 1998 Świebodzice belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).

On April 8, 2017, six people died in the collapse of a three-story residential building in the old town. In all likelihood, the cause was a gas explosion. Around 140 helpers from the fire brigade and disaster control were on duty to rescue and rescue the victims.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1875 7,821
1880 8,348
1890 8,991 of which 6,291 Protestants, 2,539 Catholics and 73 Jews
1900 9,917 including 2,827 Catholics and 48 Jews
1933 9,137
1939 9,306
2004 23,233
2019 22,793

Attractions

Preserved remains of the medieval city fortifications from the 15th century
St. Peter and Paul Church
  • The parish church of St. Nicholas was first mentioned in 1228 and expanded and rebuilt several times. After a fire in 1774, it was rebuilt in 1811. The main altar and pulpit were built around 1850, the side altars and the organ after 1811. The baptismal font dates from the 17th century. In the south there is the chapel of the von Hochberg family with their family coat of arms above the entrance, in the north the Holy Sepulcher Chapel.
  • The Church of St. Peter and Paul was built as a Protestant church around 1780 based on a design by the architect Christian Friedrich Schultze. Today it serves as the Catholic Church.
  • The early classicist town hall was built around 1790, also based on a design by Christian Friedrich Schultze.
  • Remains of the city wall built after 1421.
  • To the southwest of the city lies Fürstenstein Castle (Zamek Książ) near the 4 km long Fürstensteiner Grund gorge.
  • The station building of the Freiburg train station was built in 1869. It was completely renovated in 2012.

Twin cities

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Connected to the city

literature

Web links

Commons : Świebodzice  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Hospital St. Johannes (Polish)
  3. ^ Report on the rescue and recovery measures after the collapse of a residential building ; published and accessed April 9, 2017; (Polish)
  4. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. schweidnitz.html # ew39schwfreiburg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 58.
  6. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives:@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.gazetawroclawska.pl