District of Pless

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The district of Pless on a map from 1905

The Pleß district was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia from 1743 to 1922 . Its county seat was the city of Pless . The district had to be ceded to Poland by the German Reich in 1922 as a result of the Treaty of Versailles . The former district area is now in the Polish Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

From the Standesherrschaft Pless , the minority domination Loslau and the Prussian part of the rule Oderberg was county Pless formed. Christian Ernst von Solms became the first district administrator in the Pleß district. The group initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Opole, the district that was considered too large for the requirements of the time was made smaller:

After the von Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß family, who had ruled Pleß since 1746, died out, the Lower Silesian Count Hans Heinrich X. von Hochberg zu Fürstenstein received rule and the new title of “Prince of Pleß” from the Prussian King in 1850.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and since January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . During the First World War , the German Kaiser Wilhelm II resided from 1914 to 1917 with his military staff in the west wing of Prince von Pless's palace . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole .

In the referendum in Upper Silesia in 1921, the district of Pleß was the district with the highest result for Poland (74%) and the lowest for Germany (26%). As a result of the subsequent resolutions of the Paris Ambassadors Conference in 1922, the entire circle fell to Poland and formed the Powiat Pszczyński there .

During the German occupation of Poland from 1939 to 1945, a district of Pless was set up as part of the government district of Katowice .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 60,994
1819 36,439
1846 70.086
1871 90.131
1885 95,659
1900 103.275
1910 122,897

In the 1910 census, 86% of the residents of the Pleß district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 13% as purely German-speaking . 97% of the population were Catholic in 1910 and 2% Protestant .

District administrators

1743–1747 00Christian Ernst von Solms
1748–1755 00Erdmann Jaroslav von Skrbensky
1756–1785 00Maximilian Bernhard von Skrbensky
1785–1788 00Johann Albrecht von Röder
1788–1818 00Wilhelm von Birckhahn (1744–1819)
1818–1831 Heinrich zu Anhalt-Cöthen-Pleß (1778–1847)00
1831–1853 Georg von Hippel (1802–1878)00
1853–1855 00by Westarp
1855–1872 Stanislaus von Seherr-Thoß (1827–1907)00
1872–1877 00Robert Michael Urban
1878–1885 Felix Winterfeldt († 1885)00
1885–1899 Heinrich von Schroeter (1856–1945)00
1899–1908 Ernst von Heyking (1862–1940)00
1908–1922 Max von Ruperti (1872–1945)00

Local constitution

Three towns belonged to the district of Pless. The rural communities and independent manor districts were summarized in administrative districts . Until 1922, the district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

In 1908 three towns and 93 rural communities belonged to the Pleß district:

  • Grzawa
  • Guhrau
  • Gurkau
  • Imielin
  • Jankowitz
  • Jaroschowitz
  • Jarzombkowitz
  • Jedlin
  • Kamionka
  • Kobielitz
  • Kobier
  • Kopcziowitz
  • Kostov
  • Kralowka
  • Krasov
  • Kreutzdorf
  • Krier
  • Lendzin
  • Lonkau
  • Mezerzitz
  • Miedzna
  • Miserau
  • Means Lazisk
  • Mokrau

literature

Web links

Commons : Kreis Pleß  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy, Volume 3, Part 1 . therein: Description of the Pleß district from 1792 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Rolf Straubel : Biographical handbook of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  6. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  7. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
  8. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
  9. ↑ a b Kreis Pleß administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.
  10. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 91 ( digitized version ).
  12. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  13. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  14. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  15. ↑ a b c www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  16. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)
  17. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sch_pless.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).