District of Pless
The county Pless was during the German occupation of Poland from 1939 to 1945, a district in the administrative district of Katowice in East Upper Silesia .
Administrative history
The area belonged to the German Empire until the division of Upper Silesia (see Pleß district ). From September 1st to 2nd, 1939, the attack on Poland at Pless led to skirmishes between the Polish 6th Infantry Division ( Kraków Army ) and the German 5th Panzer Division ( 14th Army ). Shortly afterwards, German troops occupied the district. On November 26, 1939, the district became part of the newly formed district of Katowice in the province of Silesia as the district of Pless . On November 20, 1939, the communities Panewnik and Petrowitz from the Pleß district were incorporated into the Kattowitz district . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole .
In February 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and again part of Poland. In the following period, the German population group was largely expelled from the district by the local Polish administrative authorities .
Land commissioner from 1939
- 1939 : Bernhard von Derschau (1903–1945)
District administrators from 1939 to 1945
- 1939–1942: Bernhard von Derschau
- 1942–1942: Friedrich Karl Kern ( substitute )
- 1942–1943: Nienaber ( mode of occurrence )
- 1943–1945: Bernhard von Derschau
Local constitution
First of all, the towns of Alt Berun , Nikolai, Pleß and Tichau were given the German municipal code of January 30, 1935 valid in Altreich on January 27, 1940 . On April 1, 1940, the German municipal code was introduced in all other municipalities, which provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. Manor districts no longer existed. After 1939, the district law applicable in the incorporated eastern areas was valid for the entire district area .
Place names
By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were valid again. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1922 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names.
The German administration planned a series of renaming of place names, but these could no longer be carried out before the end of the war, for example:
- Brzestz: Birkenkirch,
- Cielmitz: Schellau,
- Cwiklitz: Sandsdorf,
- Groß Chelm : Großhelm,
- Imielin : Immenau OS or Immenau (Kr.Pleß),
- Paprotzan: Fürstensee (Kr.Pleß),
- Jankowitz: Wisentforst
- Jaroschowitz: Annual farms,
- Kobier: Köbernwalde,
- Lendzin : Lenzgrube,
- Mezerzitz: Plessebruch,
- Middle Lazisk: middle pits,
- Upper Lazisk : Prince's Pit,
- Ornontowitz: Reinoldsdorf,
- Orzesche : Georgenfeld OS,
- Pawlowitz: Paulshuben,
- Podlesie: Boerfeld,
- Sciern: harness,
- Tichau : Tichau OS,
- Wilkowy: Wolfenwald,
- Woschczytz: Woschütz,
- Wyrow: Wirau.
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 561 ff .
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 179–180, paragraph 10.
- Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, pp. 177 ff.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 342–349 .
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
