Wroclaw district
The district of Breslau was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its former territory is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation
After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.
In the Principality of Breslau , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the Prussian districts of Breslau, Namslau and Neumarkt-Canth were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Breslau, Canth, Neumarkt and Namslau . Johann Wenzel von Trach was appointed as the first district administrator in the Wroclaw district. The district of Breslau was initially subject to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber and was assigned to the district of Breslau in the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .
The district freedom of the city of Wroclaw was expressly confirmed in the Gendarmerie Edict of 1812.
During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Breslau, the following reclassifications were made:
- The villages Baumgarten, Bohrau , Deutschlauben, Grosburg , Jelline, Jexau, Klein Bresa, Krentsch, Kurtsch, Michelwitz, Neidchen, Ottwitz, Petrikau, Schönfeld, Schweinbraten and Wäldchen moved from the district of Breslau to the district of Strehlen .
- The villages Beckern, Jeltsch, Lange, Neuvorwerk and Rattwitz moved from the district of Breslau to the district of Ohlau .
- The villages of Groß and Klein Bischkowitz, Haasenau, Hennigsdorf, Kottwitz, Kunzendorf, Schebitz, Sponsberg and Striese moved from the district of Breslau to the district of Trebnitz .
- The town of Auras , the market town of Dyhrnfurth and the villages of Althof, Cranz, Hauffen, Heinzendorf, Jäckel, Liebenau, Pathendorf, Racke, Reichwald, Riemberg, Schönborn, Seiffersdorf, Sorge, Sürchen, Thannwald, Thiergarten, Vogtswalde and Wahren moved from the district of Breslau in the district of Wohlau .
German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On April 1, 1897, the first major incorporations in favor of Breslau took place. The rural communities of Kleinburg and Pöpelwitz and the manor district of Pöpelwitz left the district of Breslau and joined the urban district of Breslau.
On April 1, 1904, the rural communities Dürrgoy, Herdain and Morgenau and the Gutsbezirke Morgenau and Leerbeutel lost their independence and on April 1, 1911, the rural community Gräbschen and the Gutsgebiet Gräbschen. On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz .
The largest wave of incorporation in favor of the city and at the expense of the district took place on April 1, 1928. The district of Breslau lost to the urban district of Breslau in whole or in part:
- the rural communities Althofnaß, Drachenbrunn, Goldschmieden, Groß Masselwitz, Groß Tschansch, Grüneiche, Hartlieb, Herrnprotsch , Karlowitz, Kawallen, Klein Gandau, Klein Masselwitz, Klein Mochbern, Klein Tschansch, Kosel, Krieter, Kundschütz, Lilienthal, Maria-Höfchen, Neukirch, Oltaschin, Oswitz, Ottwitz, Pilsnitz, Pohlanowitz, Rosenthal, Schmiedefeld, Schottwitz, Schwoitsch, Stabelwitz and Woischwitz as well
- the estate districts of Bartheln, Bischofswalde, Friedewalde, goldsmiths, Groß Masselwitz, Hartlieb, Herrnprotsch, Kawallen, Klein Masselwitz, Kottwitz Forst, Maria-Höfchen, Neukirch, Oswitz, Ottwitz, Pilsnitz, Pirscham, Rosenthal, Schottwitz, Schmiedefeld, Schwoitsch, Stabelwitz, Willy , Zedlitz and Zimpel.
On September 30, 1929, in the district of Breslau, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia, all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.
The following reclassifications took place on October 1, 1932:
- The city of Kanth and the rural communities of Beilau, Fürstenau, Jürtsch, Kammenorf b. Kanth, Koslau, Landau, Lorzendorf, Mettkau, Neudorf, Nieder Struse, Ober Struse, Ocklitz, Polsnitz, Rommenau, Sachwitz, Schimmelwitz, Stöschwitz and Zaugwitz moved from the Neumarkt district to the Breslau district.
- The rural communities of Bischkowitz, Groß Tinz , Grunau, Jäschwitz, Klein Tinz , Kuhnau, Naselwitz, Poppelwitz, Rankau, Stein, Strachau b. Zobten and Wilschkowitz moved from the dissolved Nimptsch district to the Breslau district.
- The town of Zobten and the rural communities Altenburg, Bankwitz, Groß Mohnau, Groß Silsterwitz, Kapsdorf, Klein Silsterwitz, Kristelwitz, Marxdorf, Michelsdorf, Mörschelwitz-Rosenthal, Protschkenhain, Queitsch, Rogau-Rosenau, Striegelmühle, Ströbel and Wernersdorf moved from the district of Schweidnitz to the district of Wroclaw.
On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .
Population development
year | Residents | source |
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1819 | 41,112 | |
1871 | 68,927 | |
1885 | 80,653 | |
1900 | 88.125 | |
1910 | 95,237 | |
1925 | 102,625 | |
1939 | 102,622 |
District administrators
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Local constitution
After the transfer of the city of Auras to the Wohlau district in 1818, the district of Breslau was divided only into rural communities and manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . In 1932 the towns of Kanth and Zobten joined the district and the municipality of Brockau was elevated to a town on June 1, 1939. A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
Communities
In 1936, the Wroclaw district comprised three cities and 183 rural communities:
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- Incorporation until 1938
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Place names
In 1937 numerous place names were Germanized in the district of Breslau. These were mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions:
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literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 195–196, item 11.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 80–93 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
- ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
- ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. , P. 39, Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
- ↑ a b c Territorial changes in Germany
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform 1932, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
- ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 87 ( digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
- ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sch_breslau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).