District of Beuthen-Tarnowitz

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The district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz (until 1939 district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz) was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia from 1927 to 1945 . The former district area is now part of the Polish Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

As a result of the First World War , large parts of the two Upper Silesian districts of Beuthen and Tarnowitz were ceded to Poland in 1922 .

The remnants of the two districts that remained with Germany initially existed as separate districts until they were dissolved on January 1, 1927 and merged to form the Beuthen-Tarnowitz district. The rural community and the manor district Roßberg from the dissolved district of Beuthen was incorporated into the urban district of Beuthen . The district office of the new district was in Bytom.

On September 30, 1929, in accordance with developments in the rest of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in the district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz, in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified rule .

After the German attack , on November 26, 1939, the Polish district of Tarnowskie Góry became part of the newly formed administrative district of Katowice in the province of Silesia under the name Tarnowitz district . After the restructuring of the district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz from the administrative district of Opole to the administrative district of Katowice, both districts were administered uniformly from Tarnowitz. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the previous administrative districts of Katowice and Opole . On June 1, 1941, the two districts of Beuthen-Tarnowitz and Tarnowitz were formally merged to form the new district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz with the seat of the district administrator in Tarnowitz. In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and has belonged entirely to Poland ever since .

Population development

year Residents source
1933 91.019
1939 94,227

In the 1939 census, 94% of the population were Catholic and 5% Protestant .

District administrators

Local constitution

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level . Since April 1, 1935, the rural municipalities were referred to as municipalities .

On February 1, 1940, all municipalities in the Tarnowitz district were made subject to the German municipal code valid in Altreich. A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony of March 19, 1881 continued to apply. This was repealed with effect from April 1, 1942, with the exception of the provisions on the districts and chiefs. From this point on, the district law applicable in the incorporated eastern areas was valid for the entire district area .

Communities

In 1927 the following communities belonged to the district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz:

Incorporation until 1936
  • Bobrek and Karf merged on April 1, 1928 to form the municipality of Bobrek-Karf .
  • Broslawitz and Ptakowitz were merged on October 1, 1936 to form the Dramatal community.
  • Kempczowitz was incorporated into Broslawitz on September 30, 1928.
  • Groß Wilkowitz and Miedar were incorporated into Larischhof on October 1, 1936.

Place names

In the years 1935/1936 several Germanizations of place names took place in the district of Beuthen-Tarnowitz. These were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions:

  • Miechowitz → Mechtal
  • Mikultschütz → Klausberg
  • Rokittnitz → Martinau
  • Stollarzowitz → Stillersfeld
  • Wieschowa → Randsdorf

There was no final assignment of purely German place names in the eastern part of the district, which was Polish until 1939, until the end of the war. However, this was already prepared in detail. These were "improvements" to the names from 1918, which have been provisionally valid since 1939, for example:

  • Boruschowitz → Waldborn
  • Brzesowitz chimney → Steinruppertsdorf
  • Groß Dombrowka → Frankenrode
  • Large Zyglin → Rein
  • Klein Zyglin → Zügelwalde
  • Mikoleska → Hohenforst
  • Oppatowitz → Kraftfelde
  • Pniowitz → Stockwalde

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. beuthen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  2. ↑ a b www.territorial.de - District of Beuthen-Tarnowitz Administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of May 15, 2016.