Rozbark
| Rozbark | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| District of: | Bytom | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 21 ' N , 18 ° 56' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 41-902 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | ||
| License plate : | SY | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
Rozbark ( German Roßberg OS ) is a district of the Upper Silesian city of Bytom (German Beuthen OS ) in the Polish Voivodeship of Silesia .
Although it was not incorporated into Bytom until 1927, the history of the village has been closely linked to the city from the start. The place has completely lost its village character today, along the old village street there are multi-storey apartment buildings and modern high-rise apartment buildings. The Heinitzgrube coal mine , built in 1870, is located in the village .
The place was known for its traditional costumes, which were still worn until the middle of the 20th century, despite industrialization in the mid-19th century. Rossberg also owned traditional costumes for men, which was rare in Silesian places.
Geographical location
The village is located in the Silesia and adjacent to its West side directly on the eastern edge of Old Bytom ( Beuthen ).
In the area of Rozbark there are three housing estates Pogoda, Zawadzki and Arka Bożek .
history
Place name . In 1532 the name of the village at that time was Rosenbergk , in 1816 the spelling of the modern German place name was Rosberg .
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1233, in connection with the construction of the Marienkirche in Bytom. In 1441 Roßberg burned down and was then rebuilt a little further away from Beuthen. In 1474 Roßberg, which was outside the fortifications of Beuthen and was therefore defenseless, was devastated by Tatars . In 1582, Beuthen and Roßberg burned down almost completely. When Beuthen was attacked by the Swedes in October 1643 during the Thirty Years War , several Roßberg farmers were hanged. In 1783 the place, which at that time belonged to Mr. von Pelchrzim , had nine farmers, 37 gardeners, eight cottagers, two outworks, two mills and 276 inhabitants. When the fields around Beuthen and Roßberg were destroyed by hailstorms in 1784, there was a rise in prices and famine in the place. In 1801, instead of the wooden chapel, the massive hyacinth chapel was built on a hill. On June 7, 1804, a fire broke out in the Beuthen suburb of Blotnitza, which also spread to Roßberg and burned 40 houses, 20 barns and the outworks there. In 1818 the place, which was then written as Rosberg , had nine farmers, 37 gardeners, eight cottagers, two outworks, one of which was called Neuhof, and two water mills. The Catholic school was founded in 1842. In 1865 the place consisted of a manor and a village, to which the district Kluckowietz belonged, and belonged to the parish of Beuthen and had five farmers, 22 gardeners and 73 cottagers. The manor belonged to the Fideicommi rule by Beuthen-Siemianowitz. There was also an innkeeper, two restaurateurs, two merchants, a carpenter, four blacksmiths, a butcher, two carpenters, two shoemakers, a linen weaver and a windmill. At that time, many residents were already making a living from mining. At that time, the Catholic school had 220 students from Roßberg, Guretzko and Hospitalgrund, who were taught by two teachers. The residents were parish in Beuthen, but had their own branch church. The Heinitzgrube was founded in 1870.
At the beginning of the 20th century Roßberg had a Catholic church, an electric tram, a railway repair shop, a brick factory, coal mining, lead and zinc ore and a brewery. On May 12, 1908, construction began on the new Hyacinth Church on the hill next to the old Hyacinth Chapel . On April 1, 1913, the church was opened by Cardinal Prince-Bishop Dr. Adolf Bertram solemnly consecrated.
In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 4,919 voters voted to remain in Germany and 6,083 to belong to Poland, in the Roßberg manor district 169 people voted for Germany and 63 people for Poland. Rossberg remained with the German Empire . With the new demarcation, the border with Poland ran east of Roßberg. On January 31, 1923 there was an accident in the Heinitzgrube in which 145 miners were killed. In September 1924 the new memorial for the fallen soldiers of the First World War from Roßberg was unveiled. It consisted of a column, around which a semicircular wall was built, on which the plaques with the names of the fallen, a bench and a relief were located. It is no longer there today. In 1925 there were 23,420 inhabitants. On January 1, 1927, Roßberg was incorporated into Beuthen and thus came from the district of Beuthen to the urban district of Beuthen. In 1929 the removal of the rococo dump near Roßberg began. Over 150 workers were involved. The removed earth was brought to the ponds at the Fiedlersglückgrube using a small train and was used there to fill the ponds. With the removal of the heap, building land was gained.
After the end of the First World War in 1945, the previously German place was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union together with the city of Bytom . Roßberg was then renamed Rozbark . The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. Most of the German native residents of Roßberg were subsequently evicted by the local Polish administrative authority .
In 1950 the place, which was initially attached to the Silesian Voivodeship, became part of the Katowice Voivodeship , and since 1999 it has been part of the new Silesian Voivodeship .
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 320 | |
| 1825 | 558 | (in 70 houses) including three Evangelicals, 17 Jews |
| 1840 | about 800 | (in 123 houses) including 16 Evangelicals, two Jews |
| 1852 | 1221 | |
| 1855 | 1480 | |
| 1861 | 1764 | 89 Protestants, 1621 Catholics, 54 Jews |
| 1867 | 2129 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 2840 | According to other data, 2,781 inhabitants (on December 1), including 214 Protestants, 2501 Catholics, 66 Jews |
| 1905 | 17,848 | |
| 1910 | 20,021 | |
| 1925 | 23,420 | 1386 Protestants, 21,830 Catholics, 30 other Christians, 86 Jews |
Culture
Costume
The Upper Silesian costume movement has its cradle in Roßberg. The Roßberg costume became a synonym for Upper Silesian costume par excellence.
Customs
Several maternal customs have been handed down for Roßberg . Some examples of this: 1. The mirror was hung for six weeks from birth. The woman who had recently given birth was not allowed to look in the mirror so that evil spirits could not appear and frighten her. 2. The woman who had recently given birth had to have a bottle of holy water in bed for six weeks to keep the evil spirit away. 3. When a person to be baptized came home from the church, the godmother said to the parents the following sentence: "If someone took a Gentile child from you, I will bring a Christian child again".
Rhymes
Several counting rhymes are known from Roßberg , which were collected by Luise Wecker. Some of them are:
1. A mouse ran / Well over a house / Tripped and tripped / And you leave. 2. Numbers 1-5 / Knit me a pair of stockings, / Not too big and not too small, / Otherwise you have to be the hooker. 3. Etzel, tetzel, / The baker bakes pretzel / The baker bakes cakes / And you have to search.
Say
The devil oak
In ancient times there was said to have been a large, strong oak tree in the village, about which the devil had set up his seat. The devil is said to have completely perforated the village path when walking up and down the town. Since the villagers were unable to keep mending the path, they brought monks to the village. These were supposed to chase away the devil, which they then achieved through conjuration. Thereupon the Rossbergers felled the tree and from then on had their peace.
Legend of the Schalaster mountain
On the way from Roßberg to Kamien on the Schalaster Berg on which there was a wayside shrine, a shepherd boy is said to have found and entered an entrance in the hill at the end of the 17th century. There he met an army of knights with their horses in a large cave. He left the cave quickly, but never found the entrance again.
It was said that it was the sleeping army of St. Hedwig . Other legends also tell of how different people met the army of St. Hedwig.
Legend of the sacred hyacinth
The holy hyacinth was very important for the Roßbergers, after whom they named the chapel on the hill in the north of the village and later also the new church from 1911. There are also two legends about it.
The Dominican Hyacinth is said to have stayed near Beuthen and given missionary sermons at a spring on a hill. Once the cord of his rosary was said to have loosened during a prayer and the pearls rolled into the red-yellow sand. As it was too difficult to find it again, Hyacinth said: "Grow until the spring runs dry!" As a result, Hyazinth moved to Krakow.
In another legend, the holy hyacinth is said to have banished the magpies (Schalastern) from the area of Bytom, because they disturbed him with their screams during prayer.
Sights and monuments
- Hyacinth Church, built from 1908 to 1911 in neo-Romanesque style. To compensate for the great difference in height of the building site, the church was given a crypt. In the church, the holy grave was replicated with a grave figure.
- Memorial to the victims of the Heinitzgrube in 1923
- The facilities of the former Heinitzgrube
societies
- German Friendship Circle
- Sports club GKS Rozbark
- Sports club FC Rozbark
Sons and daughters of the place
- Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (1664 / 1667–1734), Polish conductor and composer
- Paul Habraschka (1897–1969), German writer
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 336-337, number 1 .
- Alfons Perlick : Legends of the village of Roßberg , Volume 1 from contributions to local history of Roßberg, 1926
- Paul Kytzia: The history of the St. Hyacinth Church in Roßberg O.-S. , 1926
- Luise Wecker: Geschichtliche Heimatkunde von Roßberg , Volume 5 from contributions to the local history of the city of Beuthen OS, 1930
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 558 .
- ↑ a b Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 4: P – S , Halle 1823 p. 169, item 2466 .
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Part 7 - Regesta on Silesian history. First part. Until the year 1250
- ↑ a b c d e Chronicle of the city of Beuthen in Upper Silesia , F. Gramer, 1863
- ^ Johann Ernst Tramp: Additions to the Description of Silesia, Volume 2 , Brieg 1783
- ^ Geographical-statistical handbook on Silesia and the County of Glatz, Volume 2 ; Breslau and Jauer 1818
- ↑ Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Breslau 1865
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 160 .
- ↑ Upper Silesia in Pictures, No. 47, 1925
- ↑ See results of the referendum in Upper Silesia of 1921 ( Memento of March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Upper Silesia in Pictures, No. 32, 1924
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Beuthen. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Upper Silesia in Pictures, No. 23, 1929
- ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 643 .
- ^ A b Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 177, top left column .
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 318, paragraph 10 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 336–337, item 18 .
- ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ Maternity customs in Roßberg by Luise Wecker in Oberschlesische Volkskunde, Volume 3, Issue 6/7, 1931
- ↑ Collected counting rhymes from Roßberg by Luise Wecker in Oberschlesische Volkskunde, Volume 4, Issue 4/6, 1932
- ↑ Internet site of the parish of St. Hyazinth ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Upper Silesia in Pictures, No. 16, 1926
