Fredrika Bremer

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Fredrika Bremer. Painting by Johan Gustaf Sandberg (1843)

Fredrika Bremer (born August 17, 1801 on the Tuorla estate near Piikkiö ; † December 31, 1865 at Årsta Castle , Haninge municipality ) was a Swedish writer and initiator of the Swedish women's movement .

Life

Fredrika Bremer was the daughter of a steel manufacturer and came from the upper class. She refused to lead a befitting life as a married woman confined to the house and became a writer. In 1849 she set off on a trip to the USA, where she paid special attention to the situation of women in the New World.

meaning

Through her numerous contacts and through the knowledge she had gained while traveling, she gave the intellectual leadership of Scandinavia access to the current state of the discussion about the role of women in other countries. In the USA she met Lucretia Mott and other feminists. In Stockholm she made friends with the Englishwoman Frances Eliza Lewin (1804-1888), from whom she was introduced to the ideas of Jeremy Bentham , James Mill and his son John Stuart Mill . In 1831 she met Per Johan Böklin , who introduced her to Greek philosophy, but especially to Platonism . During this time she also dealt with the German Romantics . She was in a lively exchange with Mary Howitt , who translated many of her works into English. In Louisa Alcott's Little Women is read from Bremer. The Finnish feminist Lucina Hagman wrote a biography about Franziska Bremer.

Bremer's influential book Hemmen i den nya världen ( The Home in the New World ) described her travels and did not ignore the situation of women. Her classic novel Hertha (1856) ( Hertha or Story of a Soul. Sketch from Real Life , 1857), about marriage and women's rights, is said to be fundamental to Sweden's women-friendly, progressive social legislation in the 1850s was.

Works

The Swedish edition with the year of first publication, the editions of the German translation after hits by the DNB or ÖNB .

  • Fader och Dotter (1858) ( father and daughter , 1859)
  • Familijen H (1830/31) ( The H. family sketch from everyday life , 1841)
  • Grannarne (1837) ( The Neighbors , Universal Library 1003–1006 Leipzig, undated ; 1875–1879)
  • Hemmen i den nya världen (1853/54) ( The home in the new world. A diary in letters, written on two-year journeys in North America and Cuba. Franck: Stuttgart 1854 - New edition: Through North America and Cuba. Travel diaries in letters 1849–1851 ; edited by Detlef Brennecke, 2001)
  • Hemmet (1839) ( The House, or Family Troubles and Family Joys , 1843)
  • Hertha (1856) ( Hertha or story of a soul. Sketch from real life , 1857)
  • Livfet i gamla verlden (1860/62) ( Life in the old world. Diary during a four-year stay in the South and the Orient , 1861/63)
  • Nina (1835) ( Nina , 1841)
  • Presidentens döttrar (1834) ( The President's Daughters. Story of a Governess , 1862)
  • Teckningar utur hvardagslifvet (1828) ( Sketches from everyday life. Nina , 1869)
  • Ett par blad ifrån Rhenstranden, eller Marienberg och Kaiserswerth 1846 (1848) . Travels through Germany and Switzerland under flowering avenues. German by Sabine Grauer. Wiesbaden 2018. ISBN 978-3-7374-0045-9 .

literature

  • Karin Carsten Montén: Fredrika Bremer in Germany. Admission and criticism . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1981. (= Scandinavian Studies; 14) ISBN 3-529-03314-6
  • Olle Bergquist: Om "Frälsarens dyra blod" och tidningsläsning hos Gud. Study in Fredrika Bremers Religositet och författarskap . Artos bokförl., Skellefteå 1995. ISBN 91-7580-109-4
  • Carina Burman : Bremer. En biografi . Bonnier, Stockholm 2001. ISBN 91-0-057680-8
  • Inger Ekbom: The kvinnliga fredstanken. Fredrika Bremer and andra i kamp for fred . Carlsson, Stockholm 1991. ISBN 91-7798-442-0
  • Ulrika Kärnborg: Fredrika Bremer . Natur och Kultur, Stockholm 2001. ISBN 91-27-07843-4
  • Laurel Ann Lofsvold: Fredrika Bremer and the writing of America . Univ. Pr., Lund 1999. ISBN 91-7966-578-0
  • Brita K. Stendahl: The education of a self-made woman. Fredrika Bremer 1801-1865 . E. Mellen Press, Lewiston, NY et al. a. 1994. ISBN 0-7734-9098-1
  • Lars Wendelius: Fredrika Bremer's image of America. En study i Inhibit i den Nya Verlden . Almquist et al. Wiksell, Stockholm 1985. (= Skrifter utg. Av Svenska Litteratursällskapet; 39) ISBN 91-7810-281-2

Honors

The Bremer County is a county in the US state of Iowa in the United States . It was constituted on January 15, 1851 and is named after Fredrika Bremer.

Bremer's social commitment and her ideas led to the founding of the Fredrika-Bremer-Förbundet (German: Fredrika-Bremer Association ) in 1885 , which became the nucleus of the Swedish women's movement. The naming underlines the importance of literature for the group. The association pursued social goals.

The author Selma Lagerlöf wrote one of her first stories in Osynliga länkar ("Invisible Gang") about "Mamsell Fredrika" in 1894 .

Web links

Commons : Fredrika Bremer  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Fredrika Bremer  - Sources and full texts

Sources and Notes

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Jad Adams: Women and the Vote. A world history. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7 , page 176.
  2. ↑ Päivi Lappalainen, Lea Rojola: Women's Voices: Female Authors and Feminist Criticism in the Finnish Literary Tradition . Finnish Literature Society, 2007, ISBN 978-951-746-760-5 ( books.google.de ).
personal data
SURNAME Bremer, Fredrika
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish writer and leader of the Swedish women's movement
DATE OF BIRTH 17th August 1801
PLACE OF BIRTH Tuorla, Turku
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 1865
Place of death Årsta Castle, Haninge (municipality)