Sławniowice

Sławniowice
	Sławniowice
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Opole
Powiat :	Nysa
Gmina :	Głuchołazy
Geographic location :	50 ° 20 '  N , 17 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 20 '17 "  N , 17 ° 15' 51"  E
Height :	310 m npm
Residents :	548 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code :	48-355
Telephone code :	(+48) 77
License plate :	ONY
Economy and Transport
Next international airport :	Wroclaw

Sławniowice (German Groß Kunzendorf ) is a village in the rural municipality of Głuchołazy in Poland. It is eight kilometers west of the city of Głuchołazy on the border with the Czech Republic and belongs to the powiat Nyski , Opole Voivodeship .

geography

Geographical location

The street village of Sławniowice is located in the southwest of the historical region of Upper Silesia, right on the border with the Czech Republic . The place is located about 15 kilometers northwest of the municipality Głuchołazy ( goat neck ), about 19 kilometers south of the district town of Nysa and about 74 kilometers southwest of the voivodeship capital Opole .

Sławniowice extends to the northeastern foothills of the Nesselkoppenkamm ( Przedgórze Paczkowskie ) belonging to the Reichensteiner Mountains in the valley of the Mora brook. To the north rise the Złota Góra (342 m) and the Góra Apla (322 m). There are larger quarries in the east of the village. The border crossing Sławniowice / Velké Kunětice is located at the southern exit of the village .

Neighboring places

Neighboring towns are Kijów and Burgrabice in the north, Gierałcice in the east, Kolnovice and Terezín in the southeast, Velké Kunětice and Strachovičky in the south, Stará Červená Voda in the southwest, Dolní Červená Voda in the west and Jarnołtów in the northwest.

history

The former train station

Czech border

Wayside cross

The village belonging to the episcopal principality of Neisse was first mentioned in 1284 as villa Cunati . The place on the old connection from Freiwaldau to Neisse is probably much older. The name of the place derives from a locator Kuňata , later the German name, which has been handed down as Cunczendorf since 1300, developed from it . The place originally consisted of two courtyards, which were two self-contained parts of the village. Kunzendorf was quite a large village with 60 Hufen and one of the farms, the Vogtshof , administered a considerable property. The Kunzendorfer marble deposit must have been known since the 13th century , because the tombstone erected in Deutsch Kamitz ( Kępnica ) for Pastor Flerman in 1314 is made of Kunzendorfer marble.

Since the end of the 13th century there was a parish and the church in Kunzendorf, which was built on the part belonging to the episcopal Vogtsgut. The rule of Borkendorf was attached to this estate at the end of the 14th century . A hundred years later, mining began in Kunzendorf. Lime quarries were formed, and there were also iron ore mines in the vicinity, the products of which were delivered to the iron hammer and the lime distillery in Borkendorf. At the end of the 16th century, the episcopal estates in Kunzendorf and Borkendorf were connected to the Saubsdorf estate . At that time, the Borkendorfer hammer no longer existed. In 1603, under the leadership of Fabian Tunkel and Georg Grötzner, a peasant uprising against the increase in compulsory labor broke out, which lasted until 1615, and Tunkel was executed in Neisse in 1608. The heyday of the Kunzendorfer marble quarry began in the 17th century. The village suffered severe damage during the Thirty Years War. The village and the church were rebuilt in the second half of the 17th century. The first village school was built in 1651.

After that the village was divided and in 1690 there were two large free estates in Kunzendorf . The diocese of Breslau, which now administered its property from Freiwaldau , included 19 Hufen, the marble book, a desert lime distillery and 33 farms. The barons of Skal owned the Vogtshof, the Hartenberg estate, 18 Hufen and 30 farms. In addition, there were two small free estates, which were only slightly larger farms.

After most of Silesia fell to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742, the border between Prussia and Austria was drawn right through Kunzendorf. The northern part of the village above the church as far as Borkendorf, which also included the marble quarry, came under Prussian Silesia ; while the greater part of Kunzendorf remained with Austrian Silesia . In the course of this demarcation, the divided village also received the suffix "large", which from then on both the Prussian and the Austrian part carried. This was necessary because there was another Kunzendorf eleven kilometers south-east, which since then has been called Dürr-Kunzendorf (from 1945 Konradów ).

After the reorganization of the province of Silesia which belonged Landsgemeinde United Kunz village from 1816 to the district Neisse in the administrative district of Opole . In 1845 there was a scholtisei , a Catholic school, six marble quarries, two lime kilns and 114 other houses in the village. In the same year 531 people lived in Groß Kunzendorf, all of them Catholic. In 1855 there were 659 people living in the village. In 1874 the district of Borkendorf was founded, which consisted of the rural communities Borkendorf and Groß Kunzendorf and the manor district of Borkendorf. In 1882 the C. Thust company bought the Groß Kunzendorfer marble quarries from Gnadenfrei . In 1885 Groß Kunzendorf had 908 inhabitants. To reduce the transport costs for the marble, the 12-kilometer-long railway line between Groß Kunzendorf and Deutsch Wette was built , which began operations on November 15, 1894 and created a connection to the Neisser Kreisbahn railway lines . After the takeover by Willibald Thust , the name was changed to W. Thust in 1897.

In 1933 there were 992 people in Groß Kunzendorf and 1042 in 1939. Until 1945 the place was in the district of Neisse .

As a result of the Second World War, it fell to Poland in 1945, like most of Silesia, and was renamed Sławniowice , whereby the name was based on a mention in 1291 as "Slawnewiz", today the reference to Sławniowice is generally doubted. The German population was expelled and the border crossing to Czechoslovakia was closed. After the end of the war, the marble quarries were resumed. Passenger transport on the Nowy Świętów - Sławniowice Nyskie railway was stopped in 1960. After 1990 the border crossing to Velké Kunětice was reopened. In 1999 the place came to the re-established Powiat Nyski . Today the former rural character of the place no longer exists.

economy

There are only four farms left in Sławniowice. Most of the residents work for the largest employer in the village, the marble quarry and processing company "Marmur Sławniowice", whose reference projects include the Royal Castle in Copenhagen.

In the quarry area, a light to dark gray medium-grain marble is still extracted today, and in lower altitudes a strong yellow, brown-veined dolomitic marble .

Attractions

• Entrance building of the former train station - built in 1894
• School building - built in 1882
• Street chapel with late baroque sculptures
• Kalvarienberg on the eastern outskirts
• Chapels at the quarries
• Stone wayside cross

Personalities

• Joseph Krautwald (1914–2003) - German sculptor; received his training as a stonemason in the marble quarries of Willibald Thust

Web links

Commons : Sławniowice  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Description of the place
• Marble works

Individual evidence

1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on January 5, 2020
2. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 337.
3. ↑ Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Breslau 1865, p. 1024.
4. ^ Territorial district of Borkendorf
5. ↑ AGoFF circle Neisse
6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Neisse district (Polish Nysa). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
7. ↑ ^{a b} Gmina Głuchołazy Monument Register (Polish)