Piława Górna

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Piława Górna
Coat of arms of Piława Górna
Piława Górna (Poland)
Piława Górna
Piława Górna
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Dzierżoniów
Area : 20.93  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 41 ′  N , 16 ° 45 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′ 50 "  N , 16 ° 44 ′ 55"  E
Height : 300 m npm
Residents : 6412
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 58-240
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DDZ
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 382 Świdnica - Paczków
Rail route : Kamieniec Ząbkowicki – Jaworzyna Śląska
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 6412
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 0202041
Administration (as of 2008)
Mayor : Krzysztof Chudyk
Address:
ul.Piastowska 29 58-240 Piława Górna
Website : www.pilawagorna.pl



Piława Górna (German Ober-Peilau , 1928-1945 merciless ) is a town in the powiat Dzierżoniowski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It is located eight kilometers southeast of Dzierżoniów (Reichenbach) .

The Moravian "Colony Gnadenfrei" was founded in 1742 in the Ober-Peilau district . In 1928 it was merged with Ober-Peilau and Ober-Mittel-Peilau to form the political "Community Gnadenfrei".

Geographical location

Piława Górna is located in the eastern foreland of the Owl Mountains in the Piława Valley (Peile) about 60 kilometers south of the Lower Silesian capital, Wroclaw . The village forms a settlement unit with Piława Dolna . Provincial road 382, ​​which leads from Paczków to Świdnica , runs through both places . The European route 67 runs east of Piława Górna .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring towns are Roztocznik ( Olbersdorf ) and Gilów ( Girlachsdorf ) in the north, Kosmin ( Schober basic ) and Niemcza in the Northeast, Przerzeczyn-Zdrój ( Bad Dirsdorf ) and Ciepłowody the east, Zwrócona , Sulisławice ( Zülzendorf ) and Brodziszów ( Dittmannsdorf ) to the southeast, Kluczowa ( Kleutsch ), Koziniec and Przedborowa ('' Schönheide '') in the south, Owiesno and Ostroszowice in the southwest and Bielawa in the west.

history

middle Ages

Piława Górna is the southernmost village of the former Peilaudörfer , which belonged to different landlords and political communities in the course of their history. It was founded before 1230 or earlier and was first mentioned in 1335 as "Pilavia superior" with a church. 1239 a mayor of Peilau can be proven.

After 1290, Peilau , which had previously belonged to the Duchy of Breslau, came to the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer . After the death of Duke Bolko II. In 1368, Peilau, together with the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer, inherited in 1368 to the Bohemian King Wenzel , who was a son of Queen Anna of Schweidnitz . However, Bolkos II's widow, the Duchess Agnes von Habsburg , was entitled to a lifelong usufruct .

Prussian time

Ernst Julius von Seidlitz (1695–1766)
the "New Settlement" by Piława Górna, built in the 1920s
1750–1800 Peilau-Gladishof Castle by Ernst Julius von Seidlitz
The old grammar school - built 1894–1896

As a result of the transition from Silesia to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742, the owner of Ober Peilau, Ernst Julius von Seidlitz , was able to found the Gnadenfrei colony as the Herrnhut Brethren on his land below the Questenberg in 1743 . As a result, Pietism , which had already gained a foothold in the neighboring Bad Dirsdorf in Bad Dirsdorf, was also able to spread in the previously predominantly Catholic Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer. Ernst Julius von Seidlitz, who was imprisoned by the Bohemian sovereign in 1739 because of his relations with the Moravian Brethren and because of the secret Brothers' meetings held in his castle in Jauer , received a general license on December 25, 1742 from the Prussian King Friedrich II Foundation of a fraternity. In the same year, the foundation stone for the first building, the later widower's house, was laid. The place name "Gnadenfrei" was chosen to commemorate the release of the landlord from custody and the liberation of Protestant Christians from oppression and persecution. As early as 1742 a prayer room was built on the Seidlitzhof and in 1743 the Gottesacker was laid out in the southeast , which was connected to the village by an avenue of lime trees. The membership of the Brethren increased as early as 1743 after the settlement license approved for Peterswaldau was not used. As a result, the Moravian brothers there settled in no mercy.

In 1744 the foundation stone was laid for a hall church, which was located in the middle of a square planted with trees and hedges. There were also mansard-style buildings: in 1746 the choir of the single brothers , a year later the choir of the single sisters and in 1789 the choir of the widows . The educational institutions also gained great importance. The nurses 'house opened a boarding school for girls in 1791 and the boys' school founded in 1744 also became a boarding school in 1814. In 1792 a fire destroyed the core of the settlement. Since a high proportion of the residents were pious nobles, the reconstruction was carried out according to aristocratic ideas.

After the reorganization of Prussia, Oberpeilau and Gnadenfrei belonged to the Reichenbach district from 1818 , with which it remained connected until 1945. In 1874 the districts of Peilau and Gnadenfrei were established. The cloth makers were of economic importance from the beginning , later on came trade and commerce as well as the textile and stone industry. The machine weaving mill Th. Zimmermann was founded in 1873.

A prisoner of war camp was established during the First World War . Shortly after Christmas 1918, around 700 to 800 Russian officers returned to their Russian homeland.

In 1919 the Reifensteiner Verband bought the former high school of the Herrnhut Brothers and set up an economic school for women there. In 1943/44 the school was increasingly used for military purposes. School operations were relocated to Petersdorf am Zobten Castle and existed there until February 1945.

Maidhof school in Reifenstein
School pin of the women's school in Maidhof

On January 1, 1928, the rural communities of Ober Peilau I and II , Ober Mittel-Peilau and Gnadenfrei were merged to form the political "Community Gnadenfrei". In 1938 Schobergrund was incorporated.

After 1945

At the end of the Second World War , the Red Army captured it mercilessly, which had not suffered any destruction, and in the spring of 1945 placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This renamed Gnadenfrei first in Zagórze and in 1947 in Piława Górna . The Schobergrund district was given the name Kosmin . The residents were expelled in 1946 . The newly settled residents were Poles , some of whom were evacuated from eastern Poland . The hall church with its outbuildings was destroyed by arson on April 25, 1946. From 1945 to 1954 Zagórze or Piława Górna was an independent rural community . In 1956 Piława Górna was elevated to an urban-like settlement and in 1962 to a city. At the same time, Kośmin and Kopanica were incorporated. 1975-1998 it belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ). After the political change in 1989, the formerly state-owned textile companies and quarries were privatized.

In 2002 there were around 120 stone processing companies, 27 textile companies of various kinds, 172 trading companies and 157 service companies. There were also around 115 small farms, mostly growing sugar beets, rapeseed and grain.

Attractions

Peilau-Gladishof Castle
St. Martin Church
  • The Peilau-Gladishof Castle (Polish: pałac Gladishof ) was built at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. The neo-Gothic facade and furnishings received that in the 19th century. The castle and the adjacent park have been a listed building since the early 1980s.
  • The first mention of St. Martin's Church comes from 1411.
  • The city ​​high school, built in the style of historicism , was built between 1894 and 1896.

traffic

The Piława Górna railway station is on the Katowice – Legnica railway line ; the Kobierzyce – Piława Górna railway line used to branch off here .

Personalities

literature

  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 107 and 424, pp. 135-137, 396 and 400f.
  • Gerhard Meyer: Free of mercy. A Moravian settlement of Silesian Pietism in the 18th century. Appel, Hamburg 1943 and 1950.
  • Max Moritz Meyer: Called to Announce: A Moravian Contribution from Peilau, Gnadenfrei, Niesky u. Field of grace for spiritual u. Cultural history of Silesia. Edit and ed. by Gerhard Meyer. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Munich 1961. (describes his childhood in Gnadenfrei in the 19th century)
  • Richard Schueck: Past and Present by Peilau-Gnadenfrei. Heege & Güntzel, Reichenbach in Silesia 1911.
  • Birgit A. Schulte: The Silesian branches of the Moravian Brethren Gnadenberg, Gnadenfrei and Gnadenfeld - examples of a religiously shaped settlement form. Verlag Degener & Co., Insingen near Rothenburg odT 2005. (Sources and representations on Silesian history; Vol. 31) Zugl .: Trier, Univ., Master's thesis 2003, ISBN 3-7686-3502-3 .
  • Ortrud Wörner-Heil women's schools in the countryside. Kassel 1997, ISBN 3-926068-11-6 . (also describes the rural women's school "Maidhof" in Gnadenfrei)

Web links

Commons : Piława Górna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Peilau district
  3. ↑ District no mercy
  4. ↑ from: Die Hilfe: Wochenschrift für Politik, Literatur und Kunst, January 23, 1919, p. 50.
  5. ↑ List of monuments in Lower Silesia
  6. ↑ Dolny-Slask.org - History of the St. Martin Church (Polish)
  7. ↑ List of monuments in Lower Silesia