Piława
Piława (German Peilau ) is a settlement area in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It belongs to the Powiat Dzierżoniowski ( Reichenbach ) and consists of several districts and districts that historically belonged to different landlords or later to different political communities or cities. In summary, they are also referred to as "Peilaudörfer".
The Peilaudörfer, which initially belonged to the Piast Duchy of Silesia , came to the newly founded Duchy of Schweidnitz in 1290/91 , which became a Bohemian hereditary duchy in 1368 . Together with this they fell to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742 and to Poland after the Second World War in 1945. Since then, the political communities Piława Górna ( Ober Peilau ) and Piława Dolna ( Nieder Peilau ) have been in the area.
Geography and history
The settlement area Piława / Peilau lies in the eastern foreland of the Owl Mountains , in the valley of the Piława / Peilau . It belongs to a settlement band that was about 4.5 kilometers wide and 20 kilometers long and originally lay in the Preseka area . Reichenbach formed the center of this settlement band . To the north-west of this, the Waldhufendörfer Ernsdorf, Neudorf and Faulbrück were laid out, while Peilau formed the south-eastern part.
"Pilaua" as Duke was first mentioned in 1230, Henry I of Silesia the Monastery Kamenz the settlement of Germans to the same law approved "as We do our order Pilaua have scheduled Germans permitted". The Peilau, laid out as a forest hoof village , must therefore have been founded before 1230. Since a "Pilaua superius" is documented for the year 1219, it was probably created before that year. 1239 a mayor of Peilau can be proven.
The following are documented for the year 1335:
- Pilavia inferior ( Nieder Peilau ) and
- Pilavia superior ( Ober Peilau ).
After the death of Duke Bolko II. In 1368, Peilau, together with the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer, inherited in 1368 to the Bohemian King Wenzel , who was a son of Queen Anna of Schweidnitz . However, Bolkos II's widow, the Duchess Agnes von Habsburg , was entitled to a lifelong usufruct .
Probably from the 16th century onwards, Peilau was divided into several parts:
- Ober Peilau
- Upper Middle Peilau
- Nieder Mittel Peilau and
- Nieder Peilau as well
- Lower Peilau-Schlössel
After the First Silesian War in 1742, the Peilaudörfer coincided with the Bohemian Erbfürstentum Swidnica to Prussia . This allowed the evangelical faith to develop freely. In 1743 , the landlord Ernst Julius von Seidlitz founded a colony of the Moravian Brethren in the area of Ober Peilau , which was given the place name Gnadenfrei .
Through the reorganization of Prussia, the Peilaudörfer came to the Reichenbach district in 1816 . On January 1, 1908, they consisted of the following communities or districts:
- Merciless
- Middle Peilau
- Lower Middle Peilau
- Nieder Mittel Peilau, manor district
- Lower Peilau Schlössel
- Upper Middle Peilau
- Ober Mittel Peilau, Gladishof, manor district
- Upper Middle Peilau, Lehngut, manor district
- Upper Middle Peilau, Schmolzhof, manor district
- Upper Peilau I
- Upper Peilau II
- Ober Peilau Reichardts, manor district
- Peilau, Oberhof, manor district
- Peilau, Rother Hof, manor district
- Peilau, Schlösselhof, manor district
- Peilau, Seidlitzhof, manor district
In 1928, Ober Peilau merged with Gnadenfrei and Ober Mittel Peilau to form the political "community Gnadenfrei". In 1938 the rural communities of Mittel Peilau , Nieder Mittel Peilau and Nieder Peilau Schlössel merged to form the “Peilau Municipality”.
Thus, in the years 1938 to 1945 only the
- Community merciless and the
- Peilau community.
In 1945, along with most of Silesia, they fell to Poland as a result of World War II. In the same year, the political municipality Gnadenfrei ( Ober Peilau ) was renamed Piława Górna , the political municipality Peilau ( Nieder Peilau and Nieder Peilau-Schlössel ) was renamed Piława Dolna .
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 107 and 424, pp. 135-137, 396 and 433.
Web links
- Piława Górna: Historical and current recordings as well as geographical location
- Piława Dolna: historical and current recordings as well as geographical location