Pieszyce

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Pieszyce
Coat of arms of Pieszyce
Pieszyce (Poland)
Pieszyce
Pieszyce
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Dzierżoniów
Area : 63.60  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 43 '  N , 16 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 43 '0 "  N , 16 ° 35' 0"  E
Height : 260 m npm
Residents : 7123
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 58-250 to 58-252
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DDZ
Economy and Transport
Street : Dzierżoniów - Jedlina-Zdrój
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Residents: 9466
(June 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 0202033
Administration (as of 2014)
Mayor : Dorota Konieczna-Enözel
Address: Kościuszki 2
58-250 Pieszyce
Website : www.pieszyce.pl



Pieszyce [ pʲɛˈʃɨʦɛ ] ( listen ? / I , German: Peterswaldau ; 1928–1945 Peterswaldau (Eulengebirge) ) is a town in the powiat Dzierżoniowski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is located five kilometers southwest of Dzierżoniów ( Reichenbach ). Audio file / audio sample

geography

Pieszyce is located at the northern foot of the Owl Mountains on Pieszycki potok ( Peterswalder Water ) below the 693 m high Wrona ( Crow Mountain ). Neighboring towns are Bratoszów ( Stolbergsdorf ) in the north, Dzierżoniów ( Reichenbach in the Eulengebirge ) in the northeast, Piława Dolna in the east, Bielawa ( Langenbielau ) in the southeast, Rościszów ( Steinseifersdorf ) in the west and Piskorzów ( Peiskersdorf ) in the northwest.

history

middle Ages

Remains of the medieval city fortifications
St. Jacob's Church from 1566

Peterswaldau was created in the first half of the 13th century as a forest hoof village, first mentioned in 1250 and at that time belonged to an Otto von Wilin. It formed a settlement unit or row of houses with the Steinkunzendorf (now Kamionki ) located in the mountains . Since it rose nine and a half kilometers in the mountains, it was divided into several districts or districts in the course of its history. It initially belonged to the Duchy of Breslau and in 1290/91 came to the newly established Duchy of Schweidnitz . At the beginning of the 14th century it belonged to the brothers Arnold and Heinemann von Peterswaldau. After the death of Duke Bolko II in 1368, it fell together with the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer in 1368 to the Bohemian King Wenceslaus , who was a son of Queen Anna of Schweidnitz . However, Bolkos II's widow, the Duchess Agnes von Habsburg , was entitled to a lifelong usufruct . In 1422 a Franz von Peterswaldau is documented as burgrave of Reichenbach. In 1461, Peterswaldau was owned by Heinz von Peterswaldau, who was followed by Hans von Peterswaldau in 1470.

Early modern age

As in neighboring Langenbielau , weaving developed from the 16th century . In 1582 Peterswaldau was owned by Sigismund von Peterswaldau, who left five sons when he died in 1582. In 1585 Sigismund von Peterswaldau of the same name sold part of the property to his uncle Hans von Peterswaldau. In 1597 it belonged to Adam von Reibnitz auf Schmolz, who died in 1599. His daughter, who married Friedrich von Gelhorn in 1608, to whom Peterswaldau passed in 1617, became heiress. After the Thirty Years War , Weber from Reichenbach also settled in Peterswaldau because they did not have enough work there because of the consequences of the war. Around 1700, the Hirschberg merchant Bernhard Bonit von Mohrenthal acquired Peterswaldau. In 1721 it came to Erdmann II von Promnitz . In his capacity as King of Bohemia , Emperor Charles VII granted him the right to produce woven goods for the next 20 years. Count Promnitz then called Weber from Saxony , who settled in Peterswaldau.

Prussian rule

St. Antonius Church, built from 1871 to 1875

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Peterswaldau fell with most of Silesia to Prussia . Since the previous religious restrictions on the Evangelicals no longer existed, the Moravian Brethren received a concession in 1743 to settle members of the Brethren. For unknown reasons, they did not settle in Peterswaldau, but in the neighboring colony Gnadenfrei , founded in 1742 . In 1765, Johann Erdmann von Promnitz gave the Peterswaldau palace and rule to his great-nephew Christian Friedrich zu Stolberg-Wernigerode , both of whom passed on to his second oldest son Ferdinand zu Stolberg-Wernigerode. The property remained with his descendants until the expropriation in 1945.

After the reorganization of Prussia, Peterswaldau came to the newly founded district of Reichenbach in 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945. Cotton processing continued to be of economic importance. For the year 1828 560 spinners and 280 weavers are recorded. In 1840 there were 670 cotton, 58 wool, eight canvas and 45 other looms. Since the weavers had to work under deplorable conditions, there was a weaving revolt from June 3 to 6, 1844 , which was directed against the textile manufacturer Zwanziger and which also spread to Langenbielau. The uprising was portrayed in Heinrich Heine's poem The Silesian Weavers and Gerhart Hauptmann's play Die Weber .

In 1874 the administrative district Peterswaldau was established, which consisted of the rural communities Dorotheenthal, Mittel Peterswaldau, Nieder Peterswaldau, Ober Peterswaldau, Peterswaldau Königlichen Antheils and Stolbergsdorf as well as the manor district Peterswaldau-Forst. In 1895 these rural communities were merged to form the rural community of Peterswaldau . On June 1, 1900, Peterswaldau was connected to the Eulengebirgsbahn , which led over the Eulengebirge to Wünschelburg below the Heuscheuergebirge . In 1928 Peterswaldau received the official place name Peterswaldau (Owl Mountains) .

20th and 21st centuries

In 1939 Peterswaldau had 6976 inhabitants. During the Second World War , a satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp was located here . After the end of the war, Peterswaldau fell to Poland in 1945 and was renamed Pieszyce . The German population was expelled unless they had already fled. Some of the newly settled residents were forcibly evacuated from eastern Poland . From 1945 to 1954 Pieszyce was an independent rural community . In 1961 it became a town-like settlement, and in 1962 it became a town. From 1975 to 1998 it belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).

Since January 1st, 2016, Pieszyce has the status of a town and country municipality .

Attractions

Peterswaldau Castle
Castle Park
  • Peterswaldau Castle was built by Ernst von Gellhorn between 1615 and 1617 and fortified with a wall, moat and drawbridge in 1643. In 1710 it was converted into a three-wing baroque palace for Bernhard Bonit von Mohrenthal, probably by the master builder Martin Frantz . After the transition to Poland in 1945, it was left to decay. After the political change in 1989 it came into private hands. It is currently being reconstructed.
  • St. Jacob's Church, built in 1566 in the brick Gothic style
  • St. Antonius Church, former Protestant church, built from 1871 to 1875
  • South of the castle gate is a two-story rectangular building that was rebuilt in 1818.
  • Lookout tower on the Hohe Eule

sons and daughters of the town

Twin cities

literature

Web links

Commons : Pieszyce  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Peterswaldau district
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Verlag CH Beck, Munich (9 volumes; 2005–2009).
  4. ↑ Isabell Sprenger: Groß-Rosen . A concentration camp in Silesia. Böhlau Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-412-11396-4 .
  5. ↑ Poz. 1083., ROZPORZĄDZENIE RADY MINISTRÓW z dnia 28 lipca 2015 r. w sprawie ustalenia granic niektórych miast, nadania niektórym miejscowościom statusu miasta, ustalenia granic oraz zmiany nazw i siedzib władz niektórych gmin
  6. ↑ http://www.pieszyce.pl/index.php/zabytki-gminy-pieszyce