Clemens Lammers

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Clemens Lammers

Clemens Lammers (born September 16, 1882 in Peterswaldau , Silesia, † April 25, 1957 in Berlin ) was a German association functionary, politician, industrial and cartel lobbyist . He was a brother of the politician Aloys Lammers and since his student days a member of the Catholic student union K.St.V. Askania-Burgundia in KV .

Training and career start

After attending the Prinz-Heinrich-Gymnasium in Berlin and the Royal Gymnasium in Heiligenstadt, Lammers studied law and economics in Berlin. From 1906 to 1911 he worked as a trainee lawyer at a Berlin court. After the second state examination Lammers joined the line of industrial associations in Dusseldorf one - associations which time typical cartels represented or had to do with some cartels.

Military time and World War

After Lammers had belonged to Queen Augusta Guard Grenadier Regiment No. 4 in 1906/07 , he took part in the First World War as a reserve officer . After he was wounded in the Battle of the Marne , Lammers received the Iron Cross First Class in October 1914 . After being wounded again in December 1914 off Ypres , he spent 1915 in military hospitals in Düsseldorf and Berlin. In 1917 he retired from the army when he was appointed to head the papermakers' war committee, a 'war cartel', in Berlin.

Consultant, functionary, politician and lobbyist

After the end of the world war, Lammers earned his living as a consultant to industrial companies and organizations on economic and legal issues. In 1922 he was elected to the Presidium and Board of Directors of the Reich Association of German Industry (RdI). He was also a member of the supervisory board of IG Farben AG and a member of the board of directors of Disconto-Gesellschaft and the Bank for German Industrial Obligations.

Lammers was politically active in the Catholic Center Party, for which he was a member of the Reichstag from 1924 to 1929 . In 1927 he took part as a German delegate at the World Economic Conference of the League of Nations . Even before that, in 1926/27, he was a member of the relevant 'Comité Prepartoire' as well as the German inquiry committee for the World Economic Conference as chairman. In 1928 he became a member of the 'Comité Consultatif Economique', which had been newly founded within the League of Nations to advise the 'Comité Economique' (10-12 state representatives). The new committee consisted of 49 representatives of social interests. Lammers was the German member among the ten proposed industry lobbyists.

From the preparation of the World Economic Conference in 1926 until the completion of subsequent work in 1931, Lammers represented the industry and business-friendly position of cartelization that was unhindered by the state. He advocated “international rationalization”, which he understood to mean an economic structural improvement under the protective umbrella of international industrial agreements. He wanted state interference in national and international cartels to be reduced to a minimum; He rejected a supranational control authority, which was particularly considered by French experts. In 1930, Lammers and colleagues successfully isolated a top-class international team of lawyers who, in a study commissioned by the Comité Economique, had clearly pointed out the risk of abuse by cartels (such as price increases). Lammer's lobbying was successful in itself: the League of Nations only observed international cartels, not manipulated them. However, in the 1930s, cartel control increased massively within many nation states; they became instruments of national economic control.

In 1933, Clemens Lammers was one of the founding members of the National Socialist Academy for German Law by Hans Frank .

In the Third Reich, Lammers was politically unpopular; he lost his association and lobbying functions. Lammers' more statistically oriented opponents - such as Siegfried Tschierschky , a cartel lawyer who he marginalized in the League of Nations Economic Committee in 1930 - were able to retain their functions in the National Socialist economic apparatus or even rise further. After 1945, Lammers sat again on various supervisory boards until his death.

Fonts

  • On the physiology of association life. In: Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the Association of German Paper Manufacturers 1872-1922. Berlin 1922, pp. 243-250.
  • Economy and culture , Berlin 1924.
  • Cartel legislation abroad , Berlin 1927 (also in English and French translation).
  • Course and result of the International Economic Conference of the League of Nations in Geneva (from May 4 to 23, 1927) , Berlin 1927. (also English and French edition)
  • International industrial cartels An economic policy study, prepared for the Economic Committee of the League of Nations . Together with: Benni, Antonio S .; Marlio, Louis; Meyer, Aloys. Berlin 1930 (= supplemented translation of the previous English and French edition).
  • Self-sufficiency, a planned economy and a professional state? , Berlin 1932.
  • General report on the economic side of the international industrial cartels, prepared for the Economic Committee of the League of Nations . Together with: Benni, Antonio S .; Marlio, Louis; Meyer, Aloys. Berlin 1932 (= supplemented translation of the previous English and French edition).

Web links

swell

  1. ^ Siegfried Koß, Wolfgang Löhr (Hrsg.): Biographisches Lexikon des KV. 4th part (= Revocatio historiae. Volume 5). SH-Verlag, Schernfeld 1996, ISBN 3-89498-032-X , p. 73.
  2. ↑ Kaiser, Wolfram; Schot, Johan W. (2014): Writing the Rules for Europe. Experts, Cartels, and International Organizations. Basingstoke, p. 198.
  3. ↑ Respondek, Erwin (Ed.) (1927): Course and result of the International Economic Conference of the League of Nations in Geneva (from May 4 to 23, 1927). Playback of plenary and commission meetings. Berlin, p. 217.
  4. ^ World Economic Conference in Geneva. In: Die Kabinette Marx III and IV. Volume 2 (Edition "Files of the Reich Chancellery, Weimar Republic"), pp. 775–778.
  5. ^ Decugis, Henri .; Olds, Robert E .; Tschierschky, Siegfried (1930): Review of the legal aspects of industrial agreements. Geneva: League of Nations.
  6. ^ Holm A. Leonhardt: Cartel theory and international relations. Theory-historical studies , Hildesheim 2013, pp. 169–179, 255.
  7. ^ Yearbook of the Academy for German Law, 1st year 1933/34. Edited by Hans Frank. (Munich, Berlin, Leipzig: Schweitzer Verlag), p. 255
personal data
SURNAME Lammers, Clemens
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (center), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Peterswaldau , Silesia
DATE OF DEATH April 25, 1957
Place of death Berlin