Velké Kunětice
| Velké Kunětice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Jeseník | ||||
| Area : | 983 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 19 ′ N , 17 ° 16 ′ E | ||||
| Height: | 340 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 559 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 790 52 | ||||
| License plate : | M. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Mikulovice - Javorník | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jiří Neumann (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Velké Kunětice 146 790 52 Velké Kunětice |
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| Municipality number: | 569453 | ||||
| Website : | www.velkekunetice.cz | ||||
Velké Kunětice (German Groß Kunzendorf ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eleven kilometers northeast of Jeseník and eight kilometers west of Głuchołazy on the border with Poland and belongs to the Okres Jeseník , Moravskoslezský kraj .
geography
Velké Kunětice extends on the northeastern foothills of the Nesselkoppenkamm (Sokolský hřbet) belonging to the Reichensteiner Mountains in the valley of the stream Kunětický potok / Mora . To the southwest rise the Nízká hora (551 m) and the Divočák (608 m). At the northern exit of the village is the Velké Kunětice / Sławniowice border crossing .
Neighboring towns are Sławniowice in the north, Gierałcice in the northeast, Terezín , Kolnovice and Františkov in the east, Nová Ves and Hradec in the southeast, Lomy and Supíkovice in the south, Strachovičky , Nová Červená Voda and Stará Červená Voda in the west and Dolní Červená Voda and Dolní Červená Voda in the north .
history
The village belonging to the diocese of Breslau was first mentioned in 1284 as villa Cunati . The place on the old connection from Freiwaldau to Neisse is probably much older. The name of the place is derived from a locator Kuňata, later the German name, which has been handed down as Cunczendorf since 1300, developed from it . The place originally consisted of two courtyards, which were two self-contained parts of the village. Kunzendorf was quite a large village with 60 Hufen and one of the farms, the Vogtshof, administered a considerable property. Since the end of the 13th century there was a parish and the church in Kunzendorf, which was built on the part belonging to the episcopal Vogtsgut. The rule of Borkendorf was attached to this estate at the end of the 14th century . A hundred years later, mining began in Kunzendorf. Lime quarries were formed, and there were also iron ore mines in the vicinity, the products of which were delivered to the iron hammer and the lime distillery in Borkendorf. At the end of the 16th century, the episcopal estates in Kunzendorf and Borkendorf were connected to the Saubsdorf estate . At that time, the Borkendorfer hammer no longer existed. In 1603 a peasant revolt broke out against the increase in compulsory labor , which lasted until 1615, and the leader Fabian Tunkel was executed in Neisse in 1608 . The village suffered severe damage during the Thirty Years' War. The village and the church were rebuilt in the second half of the 17th century. The first village school was built in 1651.
After that the village was divided and in 1690 there were two large free estates in Kunzendorf . The diocese of Breslau, which now managed its property from Freiwaldau , included 19 Hufen, a marble book, a desert lime distillery and 33 farms. The barons of Skal owned the Vogtshof, the Hartenberg estate, 18 Hufen and 30 farms. In addition, there were two small free estates, which were only slightly larger farms.
When Silesia was divided in 1742, the border between Prussia and Austria was drawn right through Kunzendorf. The greater part of the village remained with Austrian Silesia and part of the village north of the church as far as Borkendorf became part of Prussian Silesia . In the course of this demarcation, the divided village was also given the suffix "large", which from then on both the Prussian and the Austrian part carried. This was necessary because there was another Kunzendorf nine kilometers to the east, which has been known as Dürr-Kunzendorf (today Konradów) since that time .
In 1758 the church burned down. Around 1800 two manors were parceled out, creating the settlements Franzberg and Strachwitzthal . The former was named after the manorial administrator Franz Hackenberg, the other after the landowner Karl von Strachwitz . Heinrich von Arco later acquired the Groß Kunzendorf estate.
In 1836 the Austrian Groß Kunzendorf consisted of 105 houses and had 736 inhabitants. There were also Strachwitzthal with 27 houses and 207 inhabitants and Franzberg, in which 182 people lived in 32 houses. A brewery and a distillery belonged to the estate. Furthermore, several limestone and marble quarries were operated. In 1844 the family Gasteheim acquired from Opava the estate Hartberg, including the court and the castle of Count Arco.
After the abolition of patrimonial Groß Kunzendorf came in 1850 to the political and judicial district of Freiwaldau . In the second half of the 19th century the estate was dismembered through sales. Up until the beginning of the 20th century, granite and marble processing plants were established in the northern part of the village, especially in Strachwitzthal. From 1867 onwards, these were the companies T. Gröger, from 1882 E. Elpelt and from 1906 J. Pelz. From 1918 the W. Thust company and other companies were added. While stone processing increased, the lime kiln was closed. Groß Kunzendorf had 1,377 inhabitants in 1900, 169 in Franzberg and 171 in Strachwitzthal.
The place was populated by Germans and after the establishment of Czechoslovakia the inhabitants belonged to the Christian-Social electorate; in the 1930s the Sudeten German Party became the strongest force. In 1930 Groß Kunzendorf had 1,448 inhabitants, including 17 Czechs. In 1939 there were 1,456 people in the community. After the Munich Agreement , the village was annexed to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Freiwaldau district from 1939 to 1945 . At the beginning of 1945 a death march of Soviet prisoners of war led through Groß Kunzendorf. After the end of the Second World War, the Germans were expelled and the place was repopulated with Czech populations. After that it lost its former importance and in 1950 had only 635 inhabitants. The closure of the border with Poland put the village in a secluded location and led to further population loss through emigration. Stone processing ceased and most of the residents worked in agriculture. In 1976 the place lost its independence and came to Supíkovice . Since 1990 Velké Kunětice has formed a municipality again. In 1991 Velké Kunětice had 575 inhabitants, since then the population has been increasing. Unemployment is high, especially among the Roma, who make up a large proportion of the population with 48 inhabitants. After 1990 a border crossing opened for small border traffic into Sławniowice, Poland.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Velké Kunětice. Basic settlement units are Františkov ( Franzberg ), Strachovičky ( Strachwitzthal ) and Velké Kunětice ( Groß Kunzendorf ). Velké Kunětice also owns the one- shift Výhled ( Customs House Gucke ).
Attractions
- Maria Schnee church, built in 1758 instead of the previous building that had burned down and rebuilt around the 19th century
- Velké Kunětice Castle, built in the 18th century
- Mass grave of the victims of the 1945 death march in the cemetery
- two old lime kilns from the second half of the 19th century, at the castle
Sons and daughters of the church
- Hans Schwathe (1870–1950), Austrian sculptor and medalist, born in Strachwitzthal
