Černá Voda

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Černá Voda
Coat of arms of Černá Voda
Černá Voda (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Olomoucký kraj
District : Jeseník
Area : 997 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 18 '  N , 17 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 18 '30 "  N , 17 ° 8' 49"  E
Height: 340  m nm
Residents : 532 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 790 54
License plate : M.
traffic
Street: Žulová - Stará Červená Voda
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Zdeněk Beťák (as of 2018)
Address: Černá Voda 57
790 54 Černá Voda
Municipality number: 533491
Website : www.obeccernavoda.cz

Černá Voda (German Black Water ) is a municipality in the Okres Jeseník in the Czech Republic , which belongs to the Žulovska microregion . It is located ten kilometers northwest of Jeseník .

geography

Černá Voda is located east of the Reichenstein Mountains in the Žulovská pahorkatina, the northern foothills of the Jeseníky Mountains . The Bukový vrch (346 m) rises to the east and the Boží hora (527 m) to the west . The highest point of the municipality is the Tannenberg at 477 m and the lowest is north of Rokliny at 290 m. The Černý potok ( black water ) flows through the village . To the west of the village is the 14 hectare Velký rybník ( Big Pond ), which is fed by the Plavný potok.

Neighboring towns are Rokliny and Stará Červená Voda in the northeast, Nová Červená Voda in the east, Nové Podhradí and Staré Podhradí in the south, Zelená Hora and Vápenná in the southwest, Žulová in the west and Žlíbek, Tomíkovice and Kobylá nad Vidnavkou in the northwest.

history

The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1284 in connection with the construction of the Kaltenstein Castle by the bishops of Wroclaw . The place was founded with the name Nigra Aqua (Latin black water ). The next owners were Messrs. Haugwitz auf Friedeberg . From a tax register of the diocese of Breslau from 1491 it emerges that the eight farmers' positions in the town each had to pay one mark in taxes. On the site of Kaldenstein Castle, which was abandoned around 1500 as a result of armed conflicts, the place Schwarzwasser was rebuilt in the years 1579–1581 under Bishop Martin von Gerstmann . The Scholtissei , the lower jurisdiction of Schwarzwasser, was exercised by Martin Göppert after the village was re-established in the 16th century. His descendants sold the property to Christoph Gebhard. In 1617 Johann von Mükusch bought the Scholtisei and the vacant farmer's position on Nieder Rothwasser for 3500 thalers. The knight family von Mükusch and Buchberg built the Schwarzwasser Castle with a chapel in the 17th century and determined the fortunes of the place until the end of the 18th century. In 1798 Ernst von Mükusch sold the feudal property to Count Conrad von Sternberg . He sold the Scholtisei to the engineer Johann Tschirsch, who founded the hamlet of Neukaltenstein . The subsequent owners of the Scholtisei were Johann Nepomuk Oehl, Fridolin Thrul, Wilhelm Hoppe and in 1910 Karl Freiherr von Skal auf Jungferndorf .

On September 7, 1848, feudalism ended with the abolition of corporal labor by the bourgeois revolution . In 1869 Schroppengrund was incorporated .

In the middle of the 19th century, people who had immigrated from Hamburg began to work on boulder granites in the vicinity, and in 1854 there were 16 stonecutters in the town. The road construction from Schwarzwasser to Friedeberg in 1868/69 was of great importance for the development of the place. The road was the prerequisite for the further development of the stone industry and as early as 1874 the Glogau company with 30 stone masons and the G. Franke & Brothers company, which became one of the largest stone industry companies in the Jeseníky area , were founded. The marble and granite deposits in the surrounding mountains led to an economic boom at the end of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century the place belonged to the large communities in the Freiwaldau district and prospered economically. Public facilities such as the fire station , the post office and the school building in the center of the village were built. In 1910, Schwarzwasser received its own telephone station.

In the First World War the place had 79 fallen dead. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Schwarzwasser became part of Czechoslovakia . In 1919 the Czechoslovak gendarmerie began to operate, and in 1925 it was given a new building. In 1928 Schwarzwasser was electrified and in 1937 all districts were connected to the electrical network. In the 1930 census, " 232 buildings and agricultural buildings with 883.32 hectares, 578.70 hectares of arable land " and 2,181 inhabitants were counted in the community of Schwarzwasser .

The development of a stone industry in Schwarzwasser began around 1900. At the height of this development there were twelve German companies and one Czech company (Holec) in the village, which employed between 1800 and 2000 stone workers. The highest concentration of stone industry companies in the Freiwaldau region was recorded in Schwarzwasser. The companies located there not only served the German-speaking area, but also exported to all European countries, the USA, South America, Australia and New Zealand. With the start of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the number of unemployed rose to 584 by January 1, 1933. After the seizure of power by the National Socialists in Germany and their quest to the Sudetenland " home to the Reich to lead" came in Blackwater to clashes with the police and shootouts. According to the Munich Agreement , the Wehrmacht occupied the Freiwaldau area on September 6, 1938 . Until the arrival of the administrative commissioner of the German Reich, Alfred Theien, Wilhelm Muschau took over the fate of the place. On May 17, 1939, the community of Schwarzwasser had 2,285 inhabitants.

At the end of the Second World War , on May 7, 1945, Soviet soldiers under Marshal Ivan Stepanowitsch Konev occupied Schwarzwasser. The population of German origin was brought to Niklasdorf in 1946 and deported from there by rail. The resettlement of people from Horní Bečva ( Moravian Wallachia ), stonecutters from the Drahany area and families from Liptov in Slovakia began . In 1946 the agricultural property became and in 1948/49 the houses were gradually handed over. In some cases there were supply problems because the new farmers did not know the soil and climate conditions and had no experience with the farm sizes. The new settlers came from different cultures. On May 22, 1947, only 894 people lived in Černá Voda.

The conversion of private property into common property began on February 25, 1948, the land reform led to a decline in agricultural production. As a result, there was great dissatisfaction among the population, which culminated in the “ mass emigration of workers .” In the mid-1950s, the economic situation stabilized; the food supply was secured by labor in the harvest. Černá Voda had 985 inhabitants in 1960; in the period from 1939 to 1946 it was slightly more than 2000.

In stone processing, there was a lack of professionally qualified stonemasons and the demand for natural stone. Individual companies gave up and after 1950 all quarries were closed. The former Steinmetzfachschule was converted into a general boarding school on September 1, 1961. A stone processing company, whose quarry comes from light granite with dark streaks, is currently still working in Černá Voda.

In 1968 the teachers of the elementary school sent a resolution to the Central Committee of the CP of the ČSSR , in which they demanded the immediate withdrawal of all foreign troops.

In 1970 the stream was regulated and bridges built because of constant flooding. In 1975 the kindergarten, the cultural center and the gymnasium were rebuilt and completed. In 1989 a citizens' forum was established as part of the democratization process . In 2006 Černá Voda had 629 inhabitants.

geology

The municipality is on granite floor . The granite deposits partially emerge from the earth's surface and were mined in several places. An island of white, coarse-grained marble emerges south of Kaltenstein and continues to Vápenná (Setzdorf). In the Quaternary Age , the area was covered by glaciers with the exception of the highest peaks. Debris, boulders, clay and sand are evidence of this. There is a stalactite cave not far from the forestry department .

Technical values ​​of the bright Černá Voda granite :

  • Density: 2.641 t / m³
  • Water absorption: 0.48 percent by weight
  • Compressive strength: 167.5 MPa

climate

The climate is temperate with an annual average temperature of 8.1 ° C. The average annual rainfall is 880 millimeters.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Černá Voda. Basic settlement units are Černá Voda ( Schwarzwasser ), Nové Podhradí ( New Kaltenstein ), Rokliny ( Schroppengrund ) and Staré Podhradí ( Old Kaltenstein ).

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Černá Voda and Rokliny.

Attractions

Kaltenstein Castle ruins
  • Parish Church of the Virgin Mary,
  • Renaissance castle
  • Ruins of the Kaltenštejn castle on the Hradisko, south of the village.

Personalities

  • Anna Krause (1903 – after 1963), farm worker and party functionary (SED), member of the People's Chamber of the GDR

literature

  • Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda v minulosti a dnes (Black waters from the past and today), ed. v. Místni národní výbor Černá Voda, 1990, freely translated by v. Viktor Hank, J. Ryska, Otto Losert (unpublished manuscript).
  • Ludwig Finckh, Gustav Götzinger : Explanations of the geological map of the Reichensteiner Mountains, the Nesselkoppenkamm and the Neisse foreland. (Sheet Weidenau-Jauernig-Ottmachau of the special map 1: 75,000, Zone 4, Col. XVI). Published by the Federal Geological Institute in Vienna. Austrian State Printing Office, Vienna 1931.

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/533491/Cerna-Voda
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. Finckh, Götzinger: Explanations of the geological map. 1931, p. 74 f.
  4. ^ Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda. 1990, p. 2 ff.
  5. ^ Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda. 1990, p. 11.
  6. ^ Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda. 1990, p. 12.
  7. ^ Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda. 1990, p. 13.
  8. ^ Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda. 1990, p. 13 f.
  9. ^ Jindřich Hudec: Černá Voda. 1990, p. 18.
  10. http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/533491/Obec-Cerna-Voda
  11. http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-casti-obce/019925/Cast-obce-Cerna-Voda

Web links

Commons : Černá Voda  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files