Zlaté Hory
| Zlaté Hory | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Jeseník | ||||
| Area : | 8595 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 16 ' N , 17 ° 24' E | ||||
| Height: | 390 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 3,796 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 793 75 - 793 76 | ||||
| License plate : | M. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Vrbno pod Pradědem - Głuchołazy | ||||
| Railway connection: | Mikulovice – Zlaté Hory | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 7th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Milan Rác (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | nám. Svobody 80 793 76 Zlaté Hory |
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| Municipality number: | 597996 | ||||
| Website : | www.zlatehory.cz | ||||
Zlaté Hory , until 1948 Cukmantl (German Zuckmantel ) is a town in the Okres Jeseník in the Czech Olomoucký kraj .
geography
The city is located in the Sudeten in the valley of the Goldbach in the Zuckmanteler Bergland at an altitude of 416 m above sea level, about 55 km northwest of Opava . The Bischofskoppe (890 m) rises to the east of the city . The city was one of the centers of early Silesian gold mining.
history
_-_radnice.JPG)
The first news about Cucmantl comes from the year 1222, when Margrave Vladislav Heinrich von Moravia , a brother of the Bohemian King Ottokar I Přemysl , occupied the place in a dispute with the Wroclaw Bishop Lorenz about the gold. In 1306 Zuckmantel was granted Magdeburg city charter by Duke Nikolaus I von Troppau .
Mining experienced a boom between 1540 and 1562. The Heilige Drei Könige tunnel with a length of 6 km was driven to Ziegenhals . In 1590 and 1591, two gold specimens weighing 1.3 and 1.8 kg, respectively, were found in the tunnel , which Emperor Rudolf II received.
Gold mining only flourished until the end of the 16th century. After the Thirty Years War, the city became notorious for witch trials that resulted in at least 85 victims. A special oven is said to have been built for the incineration . The notorious later chief inquisitor of the witch trials of Groß Ullersdorf , Heinrich Boblig , was previously up to mischief in Zuckmantel.
At the end of the 17th century, the city became known again for its canvas production, but became increasingly impoverished. During the Silesian Wars there were several fighting in the area. On March 14, 1741, the Prussians invaded the city, looted and burned over 300 houses. After the conquest of Silesia , Zuckmantel became a border town; the neighboring Ziegenhals fell to Prussia in 1742. In 1759 there were several skirmishes near the city between Prussia and Austria, the most violent of which took place on November 17, 1759. In the Bavarian War of Succession , the warring parties met on January 14, 1779 between Rosenthal and the Bischofskoppe .
A spa was established in 1847, and the connection to the railway took place in 1896 with the inauguration of the Niklasdorf line . In 1871 Lerchenfeld / Skřivánkov was incorporated. The town of Zuckmantel had 4473 inhabitants on December 1, 1930, and 4358 inhabitants on May 17, 1939.
By the Munich agreement , the town was ceded in 1938 to the German Reich and was until 1945 the district Freiwaldau in the administrative district of Opava in the Reich District of Sudetenland . After the Second World War , Zuckmantel came back to Czechoslovakia along with the Sudetenland . The German population was expelled in 1945 . Slovaks from Romania were settled in 1947 and political refugees from Greece between 1949 and 1950 .
In 1948 the place name Zlaté Hory (Czech for "Golden Mountains") was introduced for the city . The Skřivánkov settlement was ceded to Poland in 1959 as part of a Polish-Czech exchange of territory against Krasów ( Schubertskrosse ) and is now part of Głuchołazy ( goat neck ) under the name Skowronków . Until 1996 the city belonged to the Okres Bruntál ( Freudenthal district ).
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1834 | 4.101 | German residents, in 523 houses |
| 1900 | 4,596 | German residents |
| 1930 | 4,473 | |
| 1939 | 4,363 |
On May 22, 1947, the city had 2,190 inhabitants.
Community structure
The town of Zlaté Hory consists of the districts Dolní Údolí (Niedergrund) , Horní Údolí (Obergrund) , Ondřejovice (Endersdorf) , Rejvíz ( row meadows ) , Rožmitál (Rosenthal) , Salisov (Salisfeld) and Zlaté Hory (Zuckmantel) . Zlaté Hory also includes the settlements Antonínov ( Antonihaus ), Javorná ( Latzdorf ), Jelení Dvůr ( Harneghof ), Na Samotě ( butcher's farm ), Nový Dvůr ( Neuhof ), Ryžoviště ( Schmidtdörfel ), Starý Rejvíz ( Old Reihwiesen ) and Srncov ( Koenigsberg ).
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Údolí, Horní Údolí, Ondřejovice v Jeseníkách, Rejvíz and Zlaté Hory v Jeseníkách.
Town twinning
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Głuchołazy , Poland -
Kętrzyn , Poland
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Mikulovice , Czech Republic
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the Prague district Praha 1 ( Staré Město , Malá Strana , Hradčany ), Czech Republic
-
Vodňany , Czech Republic
Attractions
_-_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice.JPG)
In the vicinity of the town are the ruins of the castles Edelstein and Leuchtenstein ( Leuchtenštejn ), the latter is on the Bischofskoppe . There is a mining museum in the city. In the Rochus Chapel there is a diorama that commemorates the battle of January 14, 1779.
The Maria Hilf pilgrimage site is located south of Zlaté Hory on Výr . In 1973 it was blown up and rebuilt after the Velvet Revolution .
At the former Hotel Sonne, a plaque commemorates the mother of the composer Franz Schubert , Mrs. Elisabeth Vietz, who was born here .
sons and daughters of the town
- Elisabeth Vietz (born October 30, 1756 - † May 28, 1812), mother of Franz Schubert
- Bernhard Kutzer (1794–1864), sculptor and painter, founder of the Kutzer sculpture workshop in Obergrund
- Joseph Templer (? –1860), painter, father of Rudolph Templer and Franz Templer
- Wilhelm Arbter (1831–1898), editor and publicist
- Rudolph Templer (1837–1905), painter, son of Joseph Templer, brother of Franz Templer
- Franz Templer (1854–1930), painter, son of Joseph Templer, brother of Rudolph Templer
- Viktor Emanuel Heeger (1858–1935), novelist, playwright, poet and organizer of cultural life
- Julius Karl Hoffmann (1859–1917), historian and organizer of cultural life
- Victor Franke (1866–1936), commander of the Imperial Protection Force in German South West Africa
- Leopold Wolfgang Rochowanski (1888–1961), Austrian journalist, writer and publisher
- Rudolf Löhner (1890–1971), Austrian sculptor
- Elisabeth Turolt (1902–1966), Austrian sculptor
- Kurt Knispel (1921–1945), tank commander
- Carl Weiss (1925–2018), journalist, speaker of the first broadcast on ZDF today
- Horst Marschner (1929–1996), agricultural scientist and plant physiologist
- Gerhard Rehwald (* 1929), military medic and former lieutenant general of the National People's Army (NVA) of the GDR
mayor
- 1730–1759 Johann Georg Vietz
- 1759–1766 Ignaz Josef Stefan
- 1766–1798 Johann Georg Auhlich
- 1798–1813 Josef Geyer
- 1813–1921 Franz Trampusch
- 1821–1834 Josef Laureta
- 1834–1838 Josef Vielhauer
- 1838–1858 Franz Kirsch
- 1858–1869 Johann Metzner
- 1869–1889 Heinrich Lamla, founder of the orphanage
- 1889–1904 Josef Pohl
- 1904–1912 Heinrich Graber
- 1912–1919 Josef Koeniger
- 1919–1927 Alois Kunz
- 1928–1938 Vinzens Brauner
- from Oct. 1938 Dr. Brodkorb, temporarily
- 1939–1945 Robert Hofmann
literature
- Faustin Ens : The Oppaland, or the Troppauer Kreis, according to its historical, natural history, civil and local characteristics. Volume 4: Description of the location of the principalities of Jägerndorf and Neisse, Austrian Antheils and the Moravian enclaves in the Troppauer district. Gerold, Vienna 1837, pp. 281–288 .
- Josef Pfitzner : History of the mountain town Zuckmantel in Silesia until 1742. With special consideration of the town and Mining law history. Verlag der Stadtgemeinde Zuckmantel, Zuckmantel 1924.
- Viktor Wolff: Seven centenary of the free mountain town of Zuckmantel. The city in the festive season and a look back at the recent local history. 1224-1924. Festschrift for the 700th anniversary of the city of Zuckmantel and a review of recent local history. Verlag der Stadtgemeinde Zuckmantel, Zuckmantel 1924.
- Alfons Nowack : Castles and chapels, mountains and forests in the Neustädter and Zuckmantel area. Verlag der Neustädter Zeitung, Neustadt 1928.
- Albert Sauer: Zuckmantel's unforgettable home. A memorial book for the 750th anniversary of its history. 1224-1974. Bommer, Miesbach 1974.
- Julius Graw: The city of Zuckmantel / Freiwaldau district and the surrounding area in the Sudeten crisis in 1938. Runge, Cloppenburg 2004, ISBN 3-926720-30-1 .
- Home group for the former judicial district Zuckmantel e. V .: Zuckmantel. With the villages of Sibiu, Endersdorf, Obergrund, Niedergrund and Reihwiesen. A home book. Home group Zuckmantel, Bietigheim-Bissingen 1995.
- Lothar Kausch, Gustav Reinelt, Josef Kutzer: Zuckmantel and his judicial district. An illustrated book of the country and its people. Home group Zuckmantel, Bietigheim-Bissingen 2004, ISBN 3-931843-09-2 .
- Joanidis Sotiris: Zlaté Hory v Jeseníkách. Letopisy. Sotiris Joanidis - Rula, Zlaté Hory 2004, ISBN 80-902929-4-1 .
- Adolf Schrenk: Maria Hilf. Pictures of the eventful history of a pilgrimage site on the edge of the Jeseníky Mountains, near Zuckmantel (Austria-Silesia), Eastern Sudetenland, now the Czech Republic. Self-published, Weilersbach 2005.
- Petr Hruban, Jan Kotris, Vladimír Vranka, Josef Večeřa, Pavel Zlínský: Zlatohorské podzemí. = Zlatohorskie podziemie. = Zlaté Hory underground. = The underground of Zlaté Hory. Lukeš, Olomouc 2011, ISBN 978-80-87419-16-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/597996/Zlate-Hory
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Faustin Ens : The Oppaland or the Opava district, according to its historical, natural history, civic and local peculiarities. Volume 4: Description of the location of the principalities of Jägerndorf and Neisse, Austrian Antheils and the Moravian enclaves in the Troppauer district. Gerold, Vienna 1837, p. 282 .
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon. Volume 20: Veda up to number 6, completely revised and enlarged edition, new impression. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig et al. 1909, p. 1008.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Freiwaldau district (Czech. Jeseník, formerly Fryvaldov). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/597996/Obec-Zlate-Hory
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/597996/Obec-Zlate-Hory