Arco (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Bavarian lines Arco-Zinneberg and Arco-Valley, the imperial eagle underlines the claim to the (lost) imperial immediacy

The original Italian nobility of the Arco, first documented in 1124, comes from the area of ​​the Principality of Trento , today the province of Trento . The ancestral seat of the noble family was Arco Castle , north of Lake Garda on the lower reaches of the Sarca River. This was initially an imperial fiefdom, from 1210 a fiefdom of the Diocese of Trento, and from 1413 by decision of King Sigismund again imperial territory. With the annexation of the County of Arco by the House of Habsburg and its incorporation into the Fürstete Grafschaft Tirol in 1614, the imperial immediacy actually ended.

The Italian line died out in the 20th century. The branch that moved to Bavaria around 1700 still exists today.

origin

Arco Castle, painting by Albrecht Dürer, 1495

The eponymous castle of the Lords of Arco is said to have been built in Roman or Lombard times. It was strategically located on a steeply sloping cliff above the Sarca Valley and was considered impregnable for centuries. In the 12th century it consisted of a tower surrounded by a curtain wall. In the middle of the 13th century, a new castle was built halfway up. Albrecht Dürer captured the sight of 1495 in a watercolor .

The secured line of trunks begins with Riprandus de Arcu, the father of Fridericus de Archo, first documented in 1124. From the earliest feudal deeds from 1186 for the Bishop of Trento, the noble-free status and the long-term membership of the Lords of Arco with the local nobility emerge. As noble free they had privileges such as immunity and high jurisdiction . Their castles were on the border with Imperial Italy (in the 12th / 13th centuries, Trentino did not belong to the Italian part of the empire, the border ran directly north of Lake Garda) and also in the area of ​​the German-Italian language border, but regionally mostly Ladin was spoken.

The brothers Ulrich (1155–1196) and Friedrich (1160–1196) obtained an imperial fief through an alliance with the Staufer emperor Friedrich Barbarossa (1122–1190) . In 1191 they accompanied Heinrich VI. (1165–1197) on his way to Rome for the coronation of the emperor . They systematically expanded their manorial power and protected them with the strategically positioned castles Drena at the northern entrance to the Sacratal, Penede at the southern.

Medieval story

Arco castle ruins on Lake Garda

In 1210 the Bishop of Trient, Friedrich von Wangen (ruled 1207–1218), forced the Lords of Arco into episcopal ministry , which meant that they forfeited blood jurisdiction. Friedrich (1186 / 87–1237 / 38), son of the elder Friedrich, was probably in 1220 in the entourage of Friedrich II. Von Hohenstaufen at his coronation as emperor in Rome. Emperor Friedrich II raised him and his nephews Adalbert (1198–1236) and Riprand (approx. 1203–1265) to Count of Arco and Torbole in 1221 . The Castel Penede was also part of the family heritage.

In the 13th century, the Lords of Arco got into a dispute between the Papal Guelphs and the Ghibellines loyal to the emperor . Ulrich the "Armored " (1232–1282), a Guelfi partisan, became the most powerful nobleman in Judiciary . Judicaria refers to the area west of Trento and northwest of Lake Garda on the upper Sarca and the upper Chiese as well as that of the Brenta massif to the north . He regained the right to exercise high jurisdiction and systematically expanded the Arco rule by rounding off the splintered property. He succeeded in transforming his position of power, which had hitherto been based on people, into a closed territorial rule. In 1269 he was elected Podestà of Brescia and in 1273 of Cremona . As a result of family disputes about the unity of property and castle, he threw his Ghibelline cousin Riprand into the dungeon of Arco Castle for life and seized his rich property. He reached the zenith of his power in 1275 through the neutrality and peace treaty with Count Meinhard II of Tyrol. After his death, the Lords of Arco came under Tyrolean fiefdom in 1284 .

Armor of Count Galeazzo d'Arco, 1448

In the 14th century, disagreements within the family again led to disputes, which Anton (1355-1387) was the only one to survive. From 1363 he united the entire rule in his hand. Through his marriage to Orsola di Corregio , he established political and economic ties to the Gonzaga court in Mantua for the first time .

His successors navigated between Verona , Milan , Venice , Tyrol and the Empire . As a partisan of König, from 1433 Emperor Sigismund in his war against Venice, Vinciguerra (1375 / 76–1444) was raised to the rank of imperial count in 1413 and the rule of Arco with the castles of Drena, Penede and Castellino was raised to the status of an imperial county. Vinciguerra accompanied Sigismund to the council in Constance in 1415 , where he was awarded the title of royal family. In 1433 Vinciguerra's brother Anton (1381 / 82–1447) also received the title of Imperial Count on the occasion of Emperor Sigismund's visit to Arco.

In the 15th century, the Counts of Arco rose through Ulrich's marriage (around 1438–1528) to Caecilia von Gonzaga in 1475 into the circle of important Renaissance princes. The connection brought him the possession of Cavriana and the citizenship of Mantua "for ever". However, the counts did not settle in the big cities like other nobles, but stayed permanently in Arco, where they built palazzi in the city, e.g. B. Palazzo di San Pietro (today Marchetti) and Palazzo del Schedules were inhabited. The castle only served as a refuge in times of war.

After repeated disputes about property, leadership and political orientation within the Arco family, the inheritance dispute between Ulrich (around 1438–1528) and his brother Andreas ( around 1434/38-before 1507) was finally resolved by the Imperial Court of Justice in 1512 by the " Adrian division ”is enclosed. They separated the family into the Andreas and the Odalric tribe. The territorial dividing line ran through the middle of the city of Arco, it divided the imperial fiefdom into the two areas named after the city gates del Ponte (andreas branch) and della Scaria (Ulrich / Odalric branch). The ancestral castle remained in common possession, both tribes remained obliged to defend themselves against external attacks. With that peace and stability returned to this eminently important border zone.

Andreasian tribe

The eldest son of Andreas, Anton (around 1471-before 1527 ∞ Paula Countess von Lodron), was early in royal service at the court of Maximilian I , where his sister Agatha (around 1469–1523) was maid of the first wife of Maximilian I, Maria of Burgundy , was. In 1495 Anton is attested as councilor and court marshal of the king. In the same year he and his three brothers Alexander, Gerhard and Vinciguerra were appointed Counts of the Palatinate (comites palatini) and members of the imperial consistory through the award of the so-called " small Palatinate " . The feudal deeds of 1521 from Emperor Charles V for both lines mentioned the dominions of Arco (curtis and Territory), the places Torbole and Drena and the castles Castellino, Restoro , Penede, Drena and Spine .

Other members of the Andreas tribe were in court and military services of the Habsburgs in the 16th century . In 1518, Emperor Maximilian I pledged the strategically important four vicariates Ala , Avio , Brentonico and Mori to the successful mercenary leader Gerhard (after 1480-approx. 1528 ∞ Cornelia Miniscalchi) to secure the north shore of Lake Garda . They were returned to the Bishop of Trento in 1533. In the Italian War between Emperor Charles V and Franz I of France, Gerhard fought on the imperial side.

His nephew Vinciguerra d. J. (after 1520 – after 1592), who took part in the wedding of Duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria with Renate of Lorraine in 1568 and was in the entourage of the bride on the bridal journey of the imperial daughter Anna in 1570 to the wedding with King Philip II of Spain, entered Spanish service as royal chamberlain . He is said to have commanded 3,000 German mercenaries on the Venetian wing during the naval battle of Lepanto in 1571 . Vinciguerra "was one of the most deserving vassals of the Casa de Austria within his family ."

In 1579 a rift escalated between the representatives of the two Arco tribes, in which the leader of the Andreas tribe Anton (around 1552-1612 ) murdered his Odalrician cousin Horace (around 1555-1579). The result of this act of violence was the occupation of the county by Archduke Ferdinand II of Tyrol. In the capitulation of 1614, which ended the conflict, the submission of the County of Arco to the Tyrolean suzerainty was sealed. The question of imperial immediacy remained unresolved.

As a result of the personal union through which Emperor Leopold I took over the rule in Tyrol in 1665, some imperial counts emigrated from Arco to Bavaria , Mantua, Salzburg and Silesia . As a result, in the 17th century the andreasian tribe split into several branches, an older and a younger, a Mantuan, a Salzburg and a Silesian branch .

Under Emperor Joseph II , the city of Arco lost its autonomy, which accelerated the decline of the county. Two generations of the family lived in Arco until they died out in the revolutionary year of 1848. Vinciguerra (1642–1721) was the first to leave Arco and enter Bavarian service. Through his marriage to Maria Clara Freiin Ingram von Liebenrain, he acquired Steppach near Augsburg and Heimberg near Zusmarshausen as the first Arco property in Bavaria .

Further representatives of the andreasian line were the Salzburg chief steward Georg (1705–1792), who ended the trials of Arco's family property with the Odalrician counts in Munich , and Franz Leopold (1753–1819). During his time as governor of Arco and Penede, the county experienced five French occupations from 1796 to 1805. In 1804, Franz Leopold was requested by the Tyrolean provincial government to resign from the governorate of Arco. This ended the imperial rule in Arco.

Palazzo d'Arco in Mantua

Imperial Count Franz Albert (1647–1709) became the progenitor of the Mantuan branch that flourished until 1917 through his marriage to Countess Therese Chieppio in 1696 . The name Chieppio was added to the family name Arco. His son Franz Eugen (1707–1776) married the daughter of the Mantuan minister Marchese Lelio Ardizzoni and from then on carried the name Arco-Chieppio-Ardizzoni. The seat of the family was the Palazzo Chieppio, today Palazzo d'Arco in Mantua. The court martial and conviction of the Tyrolean freedom hero Andreas Hofer took place there in 1810 . In the following generations there were several scientists in the family. Among them, Karl (around 1800–1873) stood out as the author of works on economics , art and archeology , on the history of Mantua and as a painter of historical paintings. The square in front of the Palazzo d'Arco in Mantua was renamed Piazza Carlo d'Arco after him .

The politician Franz Anton (1848–1917) was the last male Arco in Mantua. In 1912 he set up his legitimate natural daughter Giovanna (1880–1973) as a universal heiress . She married Leopold Marchese Guidi di Bagno in 1905 . In 1927 Marchesa Giovanna bought half of the Arco castle from the Arcos living in Bavaria, as they were no longer allowed to own property in Italy after the First World War. She compiled the Arco archives and possessions and bequeathed them to the Fondazione d'Arco, which she founded . In 1982 they sold the Arco Castle and other properties to the city of Arco and turned the Mantuan palace into a museum.

Some of the Imperial Counts of Arco residing in Salzburg belonged to the clergy. The Salzburg canon Johann Baptist (1650–1722) emerged as a benefactor of the church institutions in his hometown. Josef Franz (1686–1746) became Bishop of Chiemsee and Auxiliary Bishop of Salzburg in 1729 , his nephew Josef Adam (1733–1802) Bishop of Königgrätz and in 1780 Prince-Bishop of Seckau with the bishopric in Graz .

The brother of Bishop Josef Franz, Georg (1705–1792), was admitted to the Salzburg regional table in 1729 , rose to court service of the Prince Archbishop to the position of chief steward and distinguished himself as a patron and sponsor of the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . His daughter Maria Anna (1741–1764) hosted the Mozart family in the winter of 1763/64 in the Paris Hôtel de Beauvais , the seat of her husband, the Bavarian ambassador, Count Maximilian van Eyck . It made it possible for the 7-year-old child prodigy to appear before aristocratic Parisian society and the French royal court in Versailles . Her brother Karl (1743-1830), who also held a high court office at the Prince Archbishop, went with a legendary "kick" in the history of music with which he rudely Mozart in 1781 after its repeated appearances from the hall and the service of the Archbishop away .

Georg Graf von Arco (1869–1940)

In the 17th century Anton Felix, called Georg (1662–1709 ∞ Katharina Gertrud Freiin von Weissenwolff ) founded the Silesian branch, which was separated from the rest of the family. Its members were landowners (von Groß-Gorschütz in the 19th century ) and soldiers in the Prussian , Saxon and Hessian services. Some converted to Protestantism , thereby losing their rights to the Italian family estates.

The physicist and electrical engineer Georg (1869-1940) emerged from this branch , who played a key role in the research and development of high-frequency technology in Germany and is considered a pioneer of radio technology . He was co-founder and technical director of Telefunken, which was founded in 1903 .

Odalrician tribe

Among the descendants of Ulrich's ancestor, one of the bloodiest and most violent phases in family history began in 1542 with an arson in Arco Castle and the attack by members of the Andreas tribe on the Odalrician relatives. With the expulsion of the Odalrician branch from Arco, they violated the partition agreement of 1512.

Ulrich's son Hieronymus (approx. 1482–1553) triggered a destructive property and inheritance feud due to his unworthy personal lifestyle, which degenerated into a bandit war that seriously damaged the family's prestige. In the course of the conflict in 1554 his nephews, the brothers Ulrich († 1554) and Karl (around 1523–1554) killed each other. In 1579 the rift led to a scandal between the two lines and to the capture of Arcos by the Tyrolean troops.

Nicolo d'Arco (1492 / 93–1547), humanist and poet

Ulrich's son Nikolaus (1492–1547) went down in history as a famous poet and humanist . He wrote the " Numbers ", one of the most important collections of Latin poetry of his time, and maintained contacts with scholars, poets and patrons across Europe . His marriage in 1520 to Giulia Gonzaga , Countess of Novellara († 1549), was considered to be the most noble alliance that a member of the Arco family had entered into. As a result of the ongoing family quarrel, his sons left the family's spell.

Scipio (around 1519–1573 / 75 ∞ Katharina Meneses Freiin von Schwarzeneck) took over high offices in the imperial court service after a cavalier tour through Central Europe. In 1560 he headed the emperor's mission to Rome for the accession of Pope Pius IV . For his services he received the Bohemian Inkolat and the rule of Joslowitz in Moravia in 1563 . It remained in Arco's possession until 1595. In his time the legend of the origin of the Arco family from the Counts of Bogen was born and spread . It found its way into contemporary genealogical literature and culminated in the "Genealogia comitum a Bogen" by Wolfgang Lazius around 1600 . As a humanistic, fictional family story, it idealized the ancestry of the Arcos and served as legitimation for the role of the house in the Reich Association.

Scipio's brother Prosper (1522–1572) was the envoy of Emperors Ferdinand I , Maximilian II and Rudolf II to the Holy See under Popes Pius IV, Pius V and Gregory XIII.

The sixth son of Nikolaus, Johann Baptist (around 1524–1588, ∞ Julia Marchesa Guasco), joined Spanish military service from around 1550, at the same time as his cousin Vinciguerra the Elder. J. from the andreasian line.

In the fateful year of 1614, the marriage between Pyrrhus (around 1570–1634) of the Odalrician and Regina (1601–1649) of the andreasian tribe brought about a reconciliation of both lines. Her son Maximilian (1617–1683) set up a Fideikommiss in his will , which existed until around 1800, but was not very effective.

Maximilian's son Johann Philipp (1652–1704) was Imperial Field Marshal Lieutenant in the War of the Spanish Succession . In 1704 he was charged with the task of the fortress Alt-Breisach , their commander , was executed he was.

The Bavarian branch of the Odalrician counts is derived from his brother Pyrrhus (1647–1722).

Oberköllnbach Castle , Lower Bavaria. Engraving by Michael Wening around 1700

The militarily important Prosper (1615–1679) established close ties to the Bavarian Wittelsbach family . Under Elector Ferdinand Maria , he was governor of Ingolstadt and President of the Bavarian Court War Council. Several regiments bore his name. In northern Italy, Prosper fought with the support of the Bavarian electoral couple in Arco, Mantua and Cavriana for the independence of his family from the county of Tyrol. In 1674 he entered military service as General Feldzeugmeister. His fifth wife Susanna Countess von Haunsperg (around 1639–1692) brought the Grafschaft Valley into the family, which after her death fell to the Counts of Tattenbach and, in the 19th century, to the Counts of Arco. When their son Leopold (1677–1703) married his cousin Maria Febronia Countess von Haunsperg (1684–1710) in 1700, the Oberköllnbach estate became part of the family. The baroque palace complex was sold in 1971.

Johann Baptist Graf von Arco

Prosper's son Johann Baptist (approx. 1650–1715) achieved the highest number of military successes of all Arcos under Elector Max Emanuel . After success in the war with the liberation of Vienna from the Turks in 1683, he was a member of the Elector's General Staff from 1686 . In 1688 he became Lieutenant General Field Marshal and in 1698 President of the Court War Council. His cavalry regiment , the " Arco cuirassiers ", played a major role in Max Emanuel's victories in 1687 at Mohács and 1688 at Belgrade . For his achievements during the War of Succession 1702/1703 in southern Germany against the imperial troops, he was 1702 for Field Marshal and appointed by Philip V with the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece Award. In 1703 he was involved in the Bavarian campaign against Tyrol, which led to the destruction of Arcos and the castles Penede and Drena by the French general Vendôme . When Johann Baptist lived in Paris during the exile of the Bavarian Elector, he received a significant amount of compensation from King Louis XIV for the damage caused by the French in the county of Arco. In Munich, Arco-Strasse is named after him.

Johann Baptist's nephew and heir Emanuel (1702–1767) was also in the service of the Bavarian elector, from 1740 as chief steward of the Electress Maria Amalia . He had François de Cuvilliés d. Ä. build the earliest Arco-Palais on Prannerstraße in Munich. As a result of his lifestyle, the sale of his property and a fateful family dispute he caused, the Odalric lineage's share of the family's ancestral holdings melted to a marginal remainder. The last members of the line left Arco and moved permanently to Bavaria.

In 1767, his nephew Ignaz (1741–1812) laid the foundation for the further development of the Odalrician imperial counts in Bavaria by marrying Antonia Rupertine Countess von Trauner zu Adelst Orte (1744–1830). From the inheritance comparison of 1762, the Hofmark Oberköllnbach and the palace in Munich's Prannerstraße fell to him. As spokesman for the Bavarian landscape and representative of the estates opposition to Elector Karl Theodor, Ignaz was an influential political figure.

The eldest son Karl (1769-1856), married to Maria Anna Countess von Seinsheim , achieved high posts in the Bavarian civil service, 1806-1808 as the chief administrator of the former dioceses of Brixen and Trient, the ducal county of Tyrol and Vorarlberg , in 1817 as president of the higher appeal court and in 1818 as Imperial Councilor of the Bavarian Crown. In 1837 he was the only member of the Arco family to be awarded the Order of Saint Hubert .

Maria Leopoldine , Electress-Widow of Bavaria, b. Archduchess of Austria-Este, Countess of Arco

Ignaz 'second son Maximilian (1772–1809) became Commander and General Receptor of the Bavarian-English language of the Order of Malta , the Russian Order's envoy in Munich and owner of the Kommenden Voggach and Sulzbach . He fell in Schwaz in 1809 in the war against the Tyrolean uprising .

The third son Ludwig (1773-1854) married the young widow of the Palatinate-Bavarian Elector Karl Theodor, Maria Leopoldine (1776-1848), who had the reputation of savior of the Wittelsbach throne, and became her chief steward. In 1810 he founded the Agricultural Association in Bavaria.

Son Philipp (1775–1805) died early as general commissioner and president of the regional directorate in Swabia , based in Ulm .

The daughter Ernestine (1759-1838) married the Bavarian State Minister Maximilian Graf von Montgelas in 1803 .

In the next generation, the Odalrician tribe split into the lines Arco on Valley, Arco-Stepperg and Arco-Zinneberg.

Line Arco on Valley

Anton Graf von Arco on Valley

The first count of Arco-Valley was Charles' son, Maximilian (1806–1875). After the death of Count Heinrich von Tattenbach in 1821, he inherited his huge estates, including the Munich Palais, Grafschaft Valley, the castles of St. Martin im Innkreis , Maxlrain , Adldorf , Baumgarten and Aurolzmünster , making him one of the richest landowners in Bavaria . His branch was allowed to call itself "Counts of Arco on Valley" from 1827 due to royal approval. His wife Anna Countess Marescalchi (1813–1885) came from the old Bolognese nobility. In 1847 Maximilian was chairman of the Catholic Caritas Association, and in 1857 he donated the Vincentinum in Munich . From 1866 to 1875 he was Grand Chancellor of the Order of St. George .

Maximilian's two sons, Ludwig (1845–1891) and Emmerich (1852–1909), were in diplomatic services for Bavaria and the German Empire.

The son Karl (1836–1904) revitalized the Lower Bavarian Adldorf Castle, where he farmed wild animals and horses.

With his grandson Otto (1921–1989), the Valley line died out in the male line in 1989. His widow Monica, b. Countess Droste zu Vischering (* 1937), in 2008 adopted her nephew Max Georg von Soden-Fraunhofen (* 1977), who did not come from the Arco family , who took the name Graf von Arco auf Valley and the Graf Arco brewery in Adldorf and Schloss Birnbach in Lower Bavaria . He has been married to Julia Engel (* 1980) since 2014.

The marriage of Karl's brother Maximilian (1849–1911), who was married to Emmy Freiin von Oppenheim (1869–1957), had sons Ferdinand (1893–1968), who inherited the rule of St. Martin im Innkreis, and in 1966 his nephew Ulrich Philipp Graf von Arco-Zinneberg adopted, as well as Anton (1897–1945), who committed the fatal assassination attempt on the Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner on February 21, 1919 . Initially sentenced to death, he was pardoned to life imprisonment and released in 1924. He later worked as an editor for the newspaper Bayerisches Vaterland and in the private sector. With his wife Maria-Gabrielle Countess von Arco-Zinneberg (1910–1987) he had 4 daughters: Wilhelmine (1935–1987), Ludmilla (* 1937), Maria Antonia (* 1940) and Leopoldine (* 1943). Her son Tobias Anton (* 1979) took on the name Graf Arco-Valley in 2017 as a descendant of the Arco-Valley and Arco-Zinneberg lines.

Arco-Stepperg line

Aloys Graf von Arco-Stepperg

Count Ludwig Arco and his wife, the widow elector Maria Leopoldine, Archduchess of Austria-Este , had two sons, Aloys and Maximilian . Their wealthy and enterprising mother gave them their rich estates in the 1830s. They appended the names of important estates to their family names and called themselves Counts of Arco-Stepperg and von Arco-Zinneberg.

Aloys Graf von Arco-Stepperg (called Louis 1808-1891) became a Bavarian officer, politician and landowner. After the death of his first wife Irene Margravine von Pallavicini (1811–1877) in 1877, he married the dancer Pauline Oswald (1851–1902) and asked the king to legitimize their daughter Sophie (1868–1952), who was born out of wedlock in 1868. He made her his sole heir after his nephew Nicola, the son of his brother Maximilian, who was intended as heir, died in the Franco-German War in 1871. She married Ernst Graf von Moy de Sons (1860–1922) and took the name Sophie Arco Countess von Stepperg. She had no offspring. The former Arco castles Stepperg and Anif are still owned by Count Moy.

Arco-Zinneberg line

Maximilian Graf von Arco-Zinneberg
Ludwig Graf von Arco-Zinneberg
Ulrich Philipp Graf von and zu Arco-Zinneberg
Riprand Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg

The younger son of Ludwig Maximilian von Arco-Zinneberg (1811-1885) went down in family history and literature as an eagle hunter. In 1833 his mother gave him the Arco-Palais on Wittelsbacherplatz in Munich, which is still owned by the family, when he married Leopoldine Countess von Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg (1811–1886) . Since he sold some parts of his real estate, including Zinneberg , after his mother's death in 1848 , he temporarily called himself Arco-Hohenburg and Arco-Kaltenhausen. In 1864 King Maximilian II gave him the right to use the name Arco-Zinneberg again. He died blind in Meran in 1885 . Maximilian left 13 children, 5 sons and 8 daughters.

The eldest son of Maximilian Ludwig (1840–1882) became a leading representative of the Catholic associations in Germany. As chairman of the Munich St. Vincentius Central Association , he was involved in poor relief. In 1869 he was the founding chairman of the "Bavarian Patriotic Farmers 'Association Tuntenhausen", from which in 1945 the " Catholic Men' s Association Tuntenhausen " emerged. He organized the German Catholic Days with his cousin Karl zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg . In the Kulturkampf he represented the positions of the Catholic school system and the conservative peasant class in Bavaria.

The youngest daughter Christiane (1852-1923) was a co-founder of the Marian Girls' Protection Association and the first Catholic station mission . In 1878 she married Conrad Graf von Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos , hereditary Imperial Councilor of the Crown of Bavaria, Grand Chancellor of the Order of St. George and a member of the Reichstag for the Catholic Center Party . As Lord of Moos Castle , he was a great patron and benefactor of the city of Plattling . The eighth of ten children, Georg Graf von Preysing -Lichtenegg-Moos (1887–1924) married the youngest daughter of King Ludwig III in 1919 . , Princess Gundelinde of Bavaria .

The main line was continued by Joseph (1881-1924), married to Wilhelmine Princess von Auersperg (1884-1919). It came from Ludwig's second marriage to Princess Josephine von Lobkowitz (1853–1898). In 1890, Stein an der Traun Castle came into the possession of Count Joseph, who was still underage. It belonged to the Arco-Zinneberg family until 1929.

Joseph's eldest son Max (1908–1937) was a successful racing car driver and aviator. He had a fatal accident in an airplane accident at the age of 29. Joseph's fourth and second youngest son Ludwig Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg (1913–1942) became Max's heir. He was married to Countess Maria Theresa Preysing-Lichtenegg Moos (1922–2003). Maria Theresa was a granddaughter of the last Bavarian King Ludwig III through her mother Princess Gundelinde of Bavaria (1891–1983). Ludwig Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg fell in Russia in 1942. His widow, Maria Theresa, became his sole heir. From this marriage comes Rupprecht-Maximilian Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg (1941).

Maria Theresia Countess von Preysing-Lichtenegg Moos (1922–2003) married Ulrich-Philipp Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg (1917–1980) the younger brother of Ludwig Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg. From this marriage comes Riprand Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg (1955). Ulrich-Philipp Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg adopted his nephew Rupprecht-Maximilian. Ulrich-Philipp Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg inherited the agricultural and forestry estate of Sankt Martin im Innkreis as the adopted son of Count Ferdinand von Arco-Valley (1883–1968). After Ulrich-Phillip's death in 1980, half of the property in Sankt Martin went to Riprand Graf von and zu Arco Zinneberg and Rupprecht-Maximilian Graf von and zu Arco-Zinneberg.

The reconstruction of the Arco-Palais in the 1950s and 1960s was financed from the personal assets of Maria-Theresia Countess von und zu Arco-Zinneberg. In 1973, half of the Arco-Palais and the Munich property were transferred to Rupprecht-Maximilian and half to Riprand by Maria Theresia Countess von and zu Arco-Zinneberg and Ulrich-Philipp Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg. After the death of their mother Maria Theresa (2003), Count Riprand von und zu Arco-Zinneberg inherited the Moos Castle with its land and forestry. 50% of the brewery was passed on to Riprand Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg and Rupprecht-Maximilian Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg. In 2009, Rupprecht-Maximilian Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg sold his 50% stake to Riprand Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg and thus Riprand Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg became the sole owner of Arcobräu. Riprand Graf von und zu Arco-Zinneberg founded the real estate company American Asset Corporation in Charlotte , North Carolina in the USA in 1987 and has been the sole owner of the Arcobräu Graefliches Brauhaus in Moos since 2009 . In 1998 he acquired the Bohemian castle Vysoký Chlumec with the associated forest estate.

Arcobräu Count's Brewery

The history of the Arcobräu brand is linked to the history of Count Arco-Zinneberg. The trademark is characterized by the Arco coat of arms, which carries the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire.

Today's Arcobräu Gräfliches Brauhaus emerged from the Moos Castle Brewery, which was founded in 1567 by Warmund Graf von Preysing. By inheritance from his mother Countess Maria-Theresia von und zu Arco-Zinneberg, née Countess von Preysing-Lichtenegg and Moos, the brewery passed to her son Count Riprand von und zu Arco-Zinneberg in 2003. It is one of the largest breweries in Lower Bavaria.

coat of arms

The first seal of the Lords of Arco was received from Nikolaus von Arco (1306–1356) . It shows an upright arch in gold as a coat of arms. The crest is a bearded archer with an ostrich feather headdress.

Count Vinciguerra (1375 / 76–1444) obtained the privilege of having the one-headed imperial eagle in his coat of arms after he was raised to the rank of imperial count by Emperor Sigismund. In the middle of the 16th century the old coat of arms was replaced by a three-arch coat of arms , with the chords of the three horizontal arches pointing downwards. It was first used in the privilege of Emperor Ferdinand I for the Odalrician tribe on June 12, 1564. The coat of arms was given the imperial double-headed eagle, which later served as a shield holder . The crest was now a beardless archer adorned with a headband. This imperial legitimized coat of arms remained binding for the Odalric tribe in the future.

The andreasian tribe also used the three-arched shield and the double-headed eagle. Since this coat of arms did not have a diploma, it developed more freely. The three-arch shield was often squared with the one-arch shield. The basic color of both shields changed so that the one-curve shield showed the yellow curve on a blue background. From 1700 the alarm sign was added and was squared with the three- arch sign . The double-headed eagle was missing from the seals of the Andreasian and Salzburg branches still living in Arco. The squaring of the one-arch and three-arch shield was covered with a white cross and covered by a thin blue cross, and the coat of arms was decorated with three helmets. With their extinction in 1848, the helmet disappeared from the coat of arms.

The Mantuan coat of arms of Franz Eugen was confirmed in 1771 in the coat of arms of Emperor Joseph II. The Arco's coat of arms was connected to the coat of arms of the extinct families of Chieppio and Ardizzoni. It has 9 blades to (4 Arcos, 2 and 3 of the Chieppios Ardizzonis) is crowned with the Erlauchtkrone and rests on the chest of a double eagle from a Fürstenkrone is excessive.

The current family coat of arms of the only tribe shows, based on the coat of arms letter from 1564 for the branch of the Arco on Valley and the Arco-Zinneberg in gold, 3 blue arcs with the chords downwards one above the other. The shield with the illustrious crown lies on the chest of the crowned double-headed black imperial eagle.

  • Family coat of arms of those of Arco

  • Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1900

  • Split coat of arms of the andreasian tribe with double-headed eagle

Name bearer

  • Aloys von Arco-Stepperg (called Louis 1808-1891), landowner and politician
  • Andreas (1454–1507), imperial councilor
  • Anton (1355–1387), war leader, captain of the Veronese Scaligeri
  • Anton (1381 / 82–1447), Imperial Count
  • Anton von Arco auf Valley (1897–1945), murderer of the Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner
  • Christiane Maximiliane von und zu Arco-Zinneberg (1852–1923), co-founder of the Marian Girls' Protection Association and the first Catholic station mission
  • Emanuel (1702–1767), Chief Chamberlain to the Bavarian Electress Maria Amalia
  • Emmerich von Arco auf Valley (1852–1909), diplomat and German ministerial resident in Brazil
  • Ernestine (1779–1820), wife of Maximilian Josef Graf Montgelas
  • Franz Albert (1647–1709), progenitor of the Mantuan line
  • Friedrich (1124), earliest family member mentioned
  • Friedrich (1186 / 88–1237 / 38), Count of Arco and Torbole
  • Georg Anton Felix (1705–1792), Chief Chamberlain at the court of the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg, Hieronymus Graf Colloredo
  • Georg (1869–1940), physicist, engineer, pioneer of radio technology, director of Telefunken
  • Gerhard († 1528), imperial general, mercenary leader
  • Giovanna (1880–1973), Marchesa Guidi di Bagno, last Italian family member
  • Ignaz (1741–1812), spokesman for the Bavarian landscape
  • Johann Baptist (1650–1715), Bavarian General Field Marshal, holder of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece
  • Johann Baptist Gerhard (1739–1791), national economist
  • Johann Philipp (1652–1704), imperial field marshal lieutenant and commandant of the Alt-Breisach fortress
  • Joseph Adam (1733–1802), Bishop of Königgrätz and Prince-Bishop of Seckau
  • Joseph Franz Valerian von Arco (1686–1746), Prince-Bishop of Chiemsee 1730–1746
  • Karl (1769–1856), high electoral and royal Bavarian officials
  • Karl von Arco auf Valley (1836–1904), lord of the castle of Adldorf, breeder of wild animals and horses
  • Ludwig (1773–1854), husband and chief steward of the Electress widow Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
  • Ludwig Aloys von Arco auf Valley (1845–1891), German ambassador
  • Ludwig von Arco-Zinneberg (1840–1882), Catholic club functionary and politician, founder of the Bavarian Patriotic Farmers' Association in Tuntenhausen
  • Ludwig (1845–1891), German ambassador
  • Maria Leopoldine (1776–1848), married to Ludwig Graf Arco, Archduchess of Austria-Este and Electress of Bavaria
  • Max von Arco-Zinneberg (1908–1937), German automobile racing driver
  • Maximilian von Arco auf Valley (1806–1875), Bavarian landowner, founder of the line of Count Arco auf Valley
  • Maximilian von Arco-Zinneberg , called the "Eagle Count" (1811–1885), hunter, landowner, lord of the castle of Zinneberg
  • Monica von Arco on Valley, b. Countess Droste zu Vischering , landowner and brewery owner
  • Nikolaus (1492 / 93–1547), humanist and poet
  • Otto von Arco auf Valley (1921–1989), landowner, brewery owner and botanist
  • Prosper (1522–1572), imperial envoy to the Holy See
  • Prosper (1615–1679), electoral Bavarian governor of Ingolstadt and President of the Bavarian Court War Council
  • Riprand (1203–1265), Count of Arco and Torbole
  • Riprand von und zu Arco-Zinneberg (* 1955), entrepreneur, estate and brewery owner
  • Scipio (around 1519- around 1574), Lord of Joslowitz
  • Ulrich “the armored”, Potestà of Brescia and Cremona
  • Ulrich (1470–1528), Renaissance prince
  • Ulrich Philipp von und zu Arco-Zinneberg, first lieutenant at sea, submarine commander, landowner
  • Vinciguerra (1375 / 76–1444), imperial count
  • Vinciguerra (after 1520- after 1592), royal chamberlain in Spanish service, mercenary leader
  • Vinciguerra (1642–1721), first Arco landowner in Bavaria

literature

  • Berthold Waldstein-Wartenberg: History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages , Innsbruck-Munich 1971
  • Gerhard Rill: History of the Counts of Arco 1487-1614. Reichsvasallen and Landsassen , Horn 1975
  • Erwein Frhr. von Aretin: History of the Lords and Counts of Arco , 1936–1945 (mach.)
  • Arco, Counts of, in: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB), Vol. 1, Berlin, 1953 (digitized version)
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility enrolled in Bavaria , vol. XXXI, 2016, pp. 70–82
  • Karl Bosl (ed.), Bavarian biography. 8000 personalities from 15 centuries, Regensburg 1983, supplementary volume. 1000 personalities from 15 centuries, Regensburg 1988.
  • Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1900 . Book and Art Print AG, Munich / Regensburg 1900.
  • Alessandro Paris: Aristocratic Prestige and Military Function. The Counts of Arco between the Late Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries . In: Marco Bellabarba, Hannes Obermair , Hitomi Sato (eds.): Communities and Conflicts in the Alps from the Late Middle Ages to Early Modernity (=  Annali dell'Istituto storico italo-germanico in Trento. Vol. 30 ). Il Mulino-Duncker & Humblot, Bologna-Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-88-15-25383-5 , pp. 219-235 .
  • Alessandro Cont: Biblioteca comunale di Trento. Collezione Segala (Archivio della famiglia dei conti d'Arco). Schedatura del fondo (1388-1886) , Trento, Provincia autonoma di Trento. Soprintendenza per i Beni librari archivistici e archeologici, 2010 (Academia.edu)

See also

Web links

Commons : Arco  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The picture was taken during Dürer's first trip to Italy. It is now in the Louvre, Paris.
  2. ↑ Cavriana is located north of Mantua, in the immediate vicinity of Solferino, where the battle between Sardinia-Piedmont / France and Austria took place in 1859.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Codex Wangianus, ed. v. Rudolf Kink in: Fontes rerum Austriacarum, Section II, Volume 5, pp. 24 ff., No. 5
  2. ^ Tyrolean document book, vol. I, ed. F. Huter, Innsbruck 1937, No. 150, p. 69.
  3. ↑ Waldstein-Wartenberg: History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages , p. 12.
  4. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, pp. 28–46.
  5. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, pp. 58–84.
  6. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, pp. 86-107.
  7. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, pp. 156–168.
  8. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, p. 200.
  9. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, p. 222.
  10. ^ Hugo Neugebauer, Kaiser Sigmund in Arco, in: Research and communications on the history of Tyrol and Vorarlberg, 15th year, 1918, p. 109f., Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, p. 227.
  11. ^ Aretin, XII. Generation, pp. 571-598.
  12. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, pp. 260–264.
  13. ^ Aretin, XII. Generation, pp. 553-570.
  14. ↑ named after the mediator Cardinal Adriano Castellesi da Corneto, who was known for the treatise "De vera philosophia", which was hostile to humanists, see p. Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, pp. 46–50.
  15. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, pp. 40–50.
  16. ↑ Aretin, XIII. Generation, pp. 609-617; Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 51.
  17. ↑ Aretin, XIII. Generation, pp. 603-608; Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 51.
  18. ^ Gerhard Rill: History of the Counts of Arco 1487-1614 , p. 51.
  19. ↑ Aretin, XIII. Generation, pp. 630-638.
  20. ↑ Aretin, XIV. Generation, pp. 770-773.
  21. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 79.
  22. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 176.
  23. ↑ Aretin, XV. Generation, pp. 853-861.
  24. ↑ Aretin, XV. Generation, pp. 948-950.
  25. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, pp. 181–189.
  26. ↑ Aretin, XX. Generation, pp. 1661-1667.
  27. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, pp. 1248-1262.
  28. ↑ Aretin XIX. Generation, pp. 1524-1531.
  29. ↑ Aretin, XXI. Generation, pp. 1829-1842.
  30. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, pp. 1230-1234.
  31. ^ Aretin, XIX. Generation, pp. 1492-1496.
  32. ↑ Aretin XXII. Generation, pp. 1928-1931
  33. ↑ Aretin, XXIII. Generation, pp. 1996-1999.
  34. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, pp. 1270-1275.
  35. ^ Aretin, XIX. Generation, pp. 1508-1510.
  36. ↑ Aretin, XX. Generation, pp. 1702-1707.
  37. ^ Aretin, XIX. Generation, pp. 1524-1531.
  38. ↑ Aretin, XX. Generation, pp. 1719-1720.
  39. ↑ Aretin, XX. Generation, pp. 1721-1723.
  40. ^ Aretin, XIX. Generation, pp. 1476-1480.
  41. ^ Margot Fuchs, Georg von Arco (1869–1940). Engineer, pacifist, technical director of Telefunken .: Publishing house for the history of natural sciences and technology, Diepholz / Berlin 2004; Erdmann Thiele (ed.), Telefunken after 100 years: The legacy of a German global brand. Nicolai, Berlin 2003.
  42. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 105-109.
  43. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 109-113.
  44. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco pp. 121–128, Aretin XIII. Generation, pp. 648-661.
  45. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487-1614, pp. 138-141.
  46. ↑ Aretin, XIV. Generation, pp. 842-846.
  47. ↑ Aretin, XIV. Generation, pp. 847-851.
  48. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, pp. 91–113; s. also Antonio Pranzelores, La famiglia del poeta Niccolò d'Arco, in: Annuario degli studenti trentini 6, 1900, pp. 81–111, Aretin, XIII. Generation, pp. 664-694.
  49. ↑ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, pp. 114–116, Aretin XIV. Generation, pp. 778–794.
  50. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 117.
  51. ↑ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, pp. 118–121, Aretin, XIV. Generation, pp. 795–813.
  52. ↑ Aretin, XIV. Generation, pp. 823-828.
  53. ↑ Aretin, XV. Generation, pp. 916-923.
  54. ^ Aretin, XVII. Generation, pp. 1042-1043. Regina was the oldest child of Count Sigmund von Arco and Margareta Trapp.
  55. ↑ Aretin, XVI. Generation, pp. 998-1015.
  56. ^ Aretin, XVII. Generation, pp. 1131-1167. That. in Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB), Vol. 1, Berlin 1953, p. 339 (digitized version).
  57. ^ Aretin, XVII. Generation, pp. 1101-1117.
  58. ^ Aretin, XVII. Generation, pp. 1191-1221.
  59. ^ Aretin, XVII. Generation, pp. 1210-1212.
  60. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, pp. 1470-1474.
  61. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, pp. 1376-1439.
  62. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, p. 1393 and note 59.
  63. ↑ Aretin, XVIII. Generation, p. 1425 and note 108. Jean Baptist's contemporary Field Marshal Lieutenant Ferdinand Alexander Marquis von Maffei said of him: “On peut dire de lui avec vérité qu'il étoit un des meilleurs généraux de notre siècle”.
  64. ^ Aretin, XIX. Generation, pp. 1580-1601.
  65. ↑ Aretin XX. Generation, pp. 1741-1746.
  66. ^ To Rupertine: Eberhard Weis, Montgelas. The architect of the modern Bavarian state, Vol. 2, Munich 2005, pp. 13-16.
  67. ↑ Aretin, XXI. Generation, pp. 1852-1873.
  68. ↑ Aretin, XXI. Generation, pp. 1876-1882.
  69. ↑ Aretin, XXI. Generation, pp. 1883-1893.
  70. ↑ Sylvia Krauss-Meyl, Das Enfant Terrible, Maria Leopoldine, Bavaria's last Electress (1776–1848), Regensburg 3rd edition 2013, p. 77.
  71. ↑ Aretin, XXI. Generation, pp. 1897-1900.
  72. ↑ Aretin, XXI. Generation, pp. 1902-1904.
  73. ↑ Aretin, XXII. Generation, pp. 1957-1963.
  74. ↑ Aretin, XXIII. Generation, pp. 2009–2011.
  75. ↑ Aretin, XXIII. Generation, pp. 2015–2020.
  76. ↑ Aretin, XXIII. Generation, pp. 2002-2004.
  77. ↑ Adoption certificate No. Nc 13/66/2, District Court Obernberg / Inn from March 14, 1966.
  78. ↑ Aretin XXII. Generation, pp. 1964-1969
  79. ↑ Aretin, XXII. Generation, pp. 1970-1980.
  80. ↑ The eagle count Maximilian von Arco-Zinneberg served Ludwig Ganghofer in 1895 as a template for the main character of his novel "Schloss Hubertus".
  81. ↑ Aretin, XXIII. Generation, pp. 2030-2035.
  82. ↑ Aretin, XXIII. Generation, pp. 2049-2050.
  83. ↑ family chronicle , on www.arcobraeu.de
  84. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, p. 196ff.
  85. ^ Waldstein-Wartenberg, History of the Counts of Arco in the Middle Ages, p. 221.
  86. ^ Gerhard Rill, History of the Counts of Arco 1487–1614, p. 116.
  87. ↑ Genealogical handbook of the nobility enrolled in Bavaria, Vol. XXXI, 2016, p. 70.