Haunsperger (noble family)
The Haunsperger (often also spelled Haunsberger ) belonged to the noble Salzburg aristocratic families who traced their lineage back to the days of the Franconian Pippins housekeeper family .
Family history
The main area of the Haunsperger was the northern Flachgau in the Salzburger Land. Their territory extended from the area of the so-called cattle wood - the Grenzscheide near Straßwalchen - in the east, to the Salzach in the west and the Weilhartforst in the northwest ( Tarsdorf ) and finally to the area of the upper Oichten near Michaelbeuern in the north. In her rule there were numerous knight seats , such as those in Nussdorf, Eberharten, Reitsberg, Eitelsberg, Willenberg, Riedlkam, Bruck, Lamprechtshausen, Schwerting, Stockham, Jedendorf, Elling, Eglsee, Nopping, Göming, Oberndorf, Eching, Holzhausen, Roding, Weidenthal, Weidach, Steinbach etc. The knight families resident there were ministerials of the Haunsperger.
The family is divided into three lines:
A line of the Haunsperger had their castle on the border to the Innviertel , at the point where the Sankt Georgen church stands today. The Haunsberger first mentioned here around 1100 is Friedrich I. He was followed by Friedrich II († around 1160), Gottschalk I († 1167) and then Gottschalk's son Ulrich I. The church in Sankt Georgen is already mentioned in the Notitia Arnonis ; The noble Mechtild von Haunsperg donated this church probably in 1211. In the same year this castle was sold to the Salzburg Archbishop Eberhard II von Regensberg . In 1215 this line of Haunsperger ended with the death of Gottschalk II. The castle there continued to exist until around 1600, but the court rights passed to the church.
The second line was owned by the so-called Upper Castle near the present-day inn in Au, near the Kaiserbuche on the Haunsberg . However, this burned down in 1500 and only a ruin remained. After the Counts of Lebenau died out in 1229, the Haunspergers had to submit to the Archbishop of Salzburg. In 1211, Gottschalk von Haunsperg was appointed castle keeper at the upper Haunsperg Castle, although it had already been handed over to St. Peter Abbey by his ancestors.
The third line was held by the Lower Castle above the St. Pangraz Church . Haunsperg Castle was the place where the Haunsperg family was handed over to St. Peter's Abbey in Salzburg in the middle of the 12th century. Gotscakle von Haunsperg, Gerhart de Drum and his son Wolftrigil were witnesses. In 1285 a Hartnid von Haunsperg was a witness in a court of arbitration between Archbishop Rudolf and Friedrich von Pettau . In 1307 Archbishop Konrad IV von Fohnsdorf gave Ulrich von Haunsperg and his wife Adelein a gift of money as a morning gift. In 1306 there was already a Seibot from Noppingen Burggraf am Haunsberg, who was then followed by a number of different keepers .
Hans von Haunsperg fought among the Salzburg aristocrats in the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322 .
In 1601 the Haunsperg people were given an improvement in their coat of arms around that of the extinct albums and the Achaims. On January 19, 1636, the brothers Johann Jacob and Franz Rodolf von Haunsperg were raised to the “noble free and pennant lordship of the Holy Roman Empire and the Hereditary Lands”; this was published on June 13, 1636 in Salzburg. Franz Rudolf von Haunsperg (1662–1669) was Commander of the German Knight Order in Öttingen .
On September 13, 1670, Johann Jakob Franz Bonaventura was elevated to the imperial baron of Haunsperg and Kurbayerischer Vicedom zu Landshut by Emperor Leopold I to the imperial and hereditary count status with the Privilegio des non uso (disuse).
Haunsperger coat of arms
The family coat of arms of the Haunsperger is kept in black and contains two climbing trees facing each other (or key beards). The gem are also these two climbing trees, which are covered with a plume at the top.
On November 15, 1601 Wolf Sigmund, Johann Christoph, Willibald and Christoph Hartmann von Haunsperg received an extension of their coat of arms around that of the extinct Lords of Alm and the extinct Aichaim. The heart shield is now squared, in the first and fourth quadrants there is a golden pole from the albums, in the second and third a red crossbar from the Achaims, tinned on both sides. There are two helmets on the coat of arms, the first is that of the Haunsperger, the second is a silver, red hat; two red horns with silver rods protrude from the forend. The covers are red and silver (origin from the Achaim).
The baronial shield from 1636 is almost identical to that of 1601. But here you can see three helmets, the first is an open black flight , each covered with a golden pole , the covers are black and gold (from the albums); the second is the Haunsperger's helmet; the third is from the Achaims.
On the occasion of the elevation to the imperial count status in 1670, the coat of arms was changed again. It is squared again, the first quadrant is the Haunsperger symbol, in the second there is a silver three-mountain with a golden fern on a black background (from the Watzmannsdorf family); the third contains the sign of the albums and the fourth that of Achaim. There are three helmets on the coat of arms: the first is that of the Haunsperger, the second shows a high golden hat between the open flight of the albums, topped with a feather by the Watzmannsdorf and black and gold (right) or red and silver (left ) Cover provided, the third is that of the Achaim.
Castles and palaces of the Haunsperger in the land above the Enns
The Haunsberg estates extended over the Attergau and Traungau to the Danube, where they also owned the city and rule of Linz .
In the Mühlviertel , the Haunsperger founded the clearing lords of Wildberg and Riedegg , which stretched from the Danube to the Bohemian border, the Vltava . The beginning of the Haunsperg rule there in the Mühlviertel is in the dark. But in 1198 Gottschalk II sent the rulership of Wildberg to the Bishop of Passau so that he enfeoffed his brother-in-law Gundaker von Steyr-Starhemberg, who had married Gottschalk's sister Adelheid. Riedegg was also sent by Gottschalk II the Haunsperger to the Passau monastery to secure his daughter's legacy, and was taken back as a Passau fief . But as early as 1256 Ulrich Lobenstein was named as the owner of the feud at Riedegg as a pledge.
The Haunspergers seem to have gained a connection to the Danube around the middle of the 12th century, when they acquired the rule of Linz as a Passau fief. Around 1150 the lords of Linz who had previously resided here disappeared from the documents, who are also to be regarded as Passau's feudal people. At the same time, Passau is expanding Ebelsberg into its base in the Linz area; Around this time the Haunsperger were likely to have taken over the Passau fiefdom of Linz as successors to the Lords of Linz. Around 1205/1206, however, the Babenberg Duke Leopold VI acquired the building. from Austria and Styria from Gottschalk II. the emerging city of Linz with its castle .
Castles and palaces of the Haunsperger in the province of Salzburg
In the Salzburger Land, the Haunsberg ancestral castle was handed over to the Archbishop of Salzburg, Eberhard II von Regensberg, in 1211 . In 1215, the death of Gottschalk II marks the end of the ancestral line of the Haunsbergers who live here.
The scattered possessions of the Haunsperger reached far to Bavaria, Tyrol, Carinthia, Styria and Upper Austria. They were also wealthy in Pinzgau and Pongau . They were also the owners of many tithe rights and the wild bath in the Gastein or the Heilprunner Mittereck (today Hotel Straubinger ) in Gastein. In 1588 Magdalena von Haunsperg was enfeoffed with the Strasshof , in 1599 Sebastian von Hanusperg acquired the feudal rights from the Weitmosern (his mother was a Gertraud Weitmoser), in 1609 his son Ferdinand followed him before it fell to the Maxlrain on his marriage path.
The Haunsperger owned a residential tower in the city of Salzburg. This Haunspergerhof stood on the site of Mozartplatz 4 (later the Rehlingen City Palace ). It can be clearly seen on Schedel's world chronicle from 1493 and was then located directly on the Salzach. Like the medieval town hall, it stood out clearly from the bourgeois houses due to its defensive shape. The Haunspergerhof had no gate towards the Salzach due to the risk of flooding. But it had a large window, not manned by a guard, through which " one can go in and out day and night ". The traffic through this window towards the Salzach was therefore beyond the authority of the archbishop's city authorities. The window will have been installed so that you can load your own Salzach ships. The Haunsbergers, at times also city commanders at the Hohensalzburg Fortress , were “ Erb ausfergen ” and were allowed to ship the Hallein salt to Laufen . The ships of this family could therefore dock on the river side of the city seat so that the cargo could be handled without the knowledge of the archbishop's authorities. The Haunsberg residential tower in the city of Salzburg also had the right of " Imperial Freedom ", which proves the high reputation this family had. The privilege reads: “ Anyone who afflicts someone who has fled into the house, that is, enters with force to challenge him to a duel or to arrest him, should have his hand cut off. Nor should a judge take this out of the house ” .
The Haunsperger can be traced back to the residence in Prenzingerau between the 14th century and 1638 .
Around 1400 the first fortification built by the Haunsperg family is said to have stood on the site of today 's Goldenstein Castle . Michael Haunsberger ("Michel der Hawnsperger") is the first known owner of this family in 1417. This Michael Haunsberger, "zu Oberalm und Goldenstein", who was already documented in 1388, not only owned Goldenstein, but also the seat in Oberalm , today's Haunsperg Castle , which he had acquired in 1388. When the estate was divided up in 1418, the ownership in Oberalm fell to Hartwig von Haunsperg. Juliana von Haunsperg brought the residence into her first marriage to Georg Trauner von Adelstetten in 1596. After Michael's death, his son-in-law, Ritter Ulrich von Fladnitz, is listed as the owner of Goldenstein.
For a short time, Kahlsperg Castle was also owned by the Haunsperger; this rule was acquired in 1612 by Wolf Sigmund von Haunsperg. Franz Rudolf von Haunsperg sold the property to Katharina von Lodron in 1637 .
Christof Theumer (Taimer) sold the Mühlheim am Inn estate to Sebastian and Magdalena von Haunsperg. From these an anniversary foundation was established for the local parish church. Mühlheim was raised to a court mark in the years 1591–1608. Sebastian Haunsperg died after a short time, his son Ferdinand took over the rule, but also died soon. A marble stone in the parish church of Mühlheim from 1616 contains the Haunsperg and Alt coats of arms and mentions the story of Ferdinand's death and the death of his mother Magdalena: “Gestreng and nobleman Mr. Ferdinand von Haunsperg zu Milhaim is the most Christian memory Kammerer is engaged to lift this tower (Mühlheim) 40 shoes (28-32 cm per shoe, approx. 12 meters) high above the churches. But while he died here Christian, his wife, mother Magdalena von Haunsperg, née Althin, Wittib, had this work done a thousand six hundred and sixteen years. "
With the marriage of Wolf Adam von Haunsperg, Seeburg Castle near Seekirchen am Wallersee came into the possession of the Haunsperg until 1605. The Wolf Adam is followed by Neidhart von Haunsberg and Christoph von Haunsberg, under whom the land registry office there was dissolved as early as 1600. In 1605 Juliane von Haunsperg married the Salzburg chamberlain Levin von Mortaigne and ownership passed to him and then to her son Johann Dietrich von Mortaigne.
The Johannesschlössl on the Mönchsberg in Salzburg came to the princely councilor and sub-marshal Sebastian von Haunsperg through the daughter Magdalena of the Salzburg mayor Ludwig Alt in 1586. Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau then acquired it from the Haunsperg family in 1589 .
Bavarian possessions of the Haunsperger
In the 12th century, Kemnat Castle (today Kemnat is a district of Burtenbach ) was owned by the Lords of Haunsberg. The name of the place Kemnat "Cheminata" was first documented in 1184 and is derived from this castle ( Kemenate ). The rulership of the Haunsberg family passed to the Ursberg monastery . On the site of Kemnat Castle, the Catholic parish church of St. Georg stands today. A “Von Haunsberg Weg” in Kemnat still reminds of this time.
In 1414 Martin and Hans von Haunsperg built Vachenlueg Castle in Berchtesgadener Land. As a result, representatives of this branch of the family are often listed as "von Haunsperg zu Vachenlueg" (with variants such as "Vahenlueg", "Fahenlueg", "Fachenlueg"). After the Bavarian councilor Count von Haunsperg died in 1724, his heirs (including the Counts Arco and the Barons von Ow ) sold the Vachenlueg estate.
On September 29, 1558, the castle and Hofmark zu Neufahrn were sold by Hans von Münichau zu Laberweinting to Wolf von Haunsperg zu Fachenlueg , councilor of the royal Salzburg family. A dispute over this property between his sons, the brothers Christoph, Sebastian and Wolfgang von Haunsperg, dragged on at the turn of the century, although on November 5, 1588, a judicial division of the paternal and maternal inheritance had already taken place. In June 1633, Neufahrn was destroyed by Swedish troops in the Thirty Years' War . It was not until 1635 that Johann Jakob von Haunsperg concluded a contract with his brother Franz Rudolf on the final division of their Fachenlueg and Neufahrn estates. From then until the end of the Haunsperg rule in Neufahrn in 1698, there were no more arguments about this property. After the Count's Haunsperg family died out, Neufahrn was inherited by Count Emanuel von Arco.
Veit zu Pappenheim sold Hofmark and Schwindegg Castle in 1591 to Sebastian von Haunsperg. The current Renaissance four-wing building with corner towers and gate tower was built by him on medieval foundation walls from 1594. His heir Ferdinand von Haunsperg continued building the palace in 1606. His second wife, Catharina von Maxlrain, probably completed the building from 1608. In 1620, Duke Albrecht of Bavaria acquired the castle and Hofmark. The so-called Vorloss (former farm yard) with two stable wings from around 1750 and the castle park from the 19th century belong to the castle. In 1816 the castle came into the possession of the von Moreau family.
In the second half of the 16th century, the Haunsbergers were the owners of the Hofmark Mitterskirchen in this community in the Rottal . In 1569 Susanne Schweikhard, b. Leoprechting, Wilhelm Haunsperger marries. In 1569 Haimeran, Wilhelm's brother, inherits the Mitterskirchen Hofmark. Haimeran's tombstone is walled in at the entrance to the parish church. Through the marriage of Brigitta von Haunsperg, b. Leublfing and widow of Wilhelm Haunsperger, together with Hanns Jakob von Closen zu Gern, the Hormark passed to the Closen family in 1584. The municipal coat of arms of Mitterskirchen contains with the counter bar and the notched bars the family coat of arms of the lords of Haunsberg, who were raised to the rank of count in 1660.
The baroque master builder Giovanni Antonio Viscardi received the order from Count Franz von Haunsperg to build the Hofberg Palace .
The Haunsperg were also co-owners of Schloss Zaitzkofen , as the last Haunsperg born had married a Count von Königsfeld. Maria Katerina Countess von Königsfeld, b. Countess von Haunsperg, died in Zaitzkofen in Bavaria on January 9, 1724 at the age of 74, the last of her family. The Bavarian councilor Johann Jacob Graf von Haunsperg zu Vahenlueg and Neufahrn died in 1724 as the last of this line of his family to Landshut (Lower Bavaria).
Reminiscences of the Haunsperger
In the city of Salzburg, Haunspergstrasse in the Elisabeth suburb is named after this family. Reference has already been made to the Von-Haunsberg-Weg in Burtenbach .
The coat of arms of the municipality Mattsee is a "in the red field a silver, covered by an upright flaming sword with a golden hilt, which is accompanied on both sides by an outwardly turned, silver pike bearer." The pike bearers are the coat of arms of the Lords of Haunsperg taken, one of which was called "von Mattsee". However, in the course of the German throne dispute between Ludwig the Bavarian and Duke Friedrich in 1319 , the Burgrave of Haunsberg attacked Mattsee with Salzburg troops and burned it down. The municipality coat of arms of Mitterskirchen also contains part of the coat of arms of the Haunsperger.
literature
- Gerhard P. Michalek: The noble free from Haunsberg - Wildberg - Riedegg, Lords of Linz: Origin, rise and rulership of a leading high medieval noble family in Bavaria, Salzburg and Austria. 1991. limited preview
- Gerhard (P.) Michalek: Fearless and indomitable ...: The noble free von Haunsberg - a powerful Bavarian noble family in the high Middle Ages. Novum Verlag, 2015 limited preview
- Johann Siebmacher: Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book. Volume 28. The coats of arms of the nobility in Salzburg, Styria and Tyrol. Facsimile reprint of the Nuremberg edition 1701–1806. Munich: Battenberg. Bauer & Raspe: Neustadt an der Aisch, 1979, p. 24. ISBN 3 87947 028 6 .
- Friederike Zaisberger & Walter Schlegel : Castles and palaces in Salzburg. Flachgau and Tennengau . Birch series, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-85326-957-5 .
Individual evidence
- ^ History of Linz
- ^ Franz Pfeffer: Old ways and old borders on the Pöstlingberg and Lichtenberg near Linz.
- ↑ p. 176
- ↑ Parish Mühlheim am Inn - marble tombstone at the entrance to the church ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mitterskirchen on Regiowiki
- ^ Mitterskirchen community
- ^ Giovanni Antonio Viscardi on art class
- ^ Franz Martin: Salzburg street names. List of streets, alleys, squares, paths, bridges, gates and parks with an explanation of their names. 5th, substantially revised edition by Leitner-Martin, Willa and Martin, Andreas. Announcements of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, 25th supplement, self-published by the Society, Salzburg 2006.
- ↑ Mementos of the past - Mattsee and its history ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Frederike Zaisberger, 1992, p. 76.
