Linz Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Linz Castle

The Linz Castle is located on a hill above the old town district of Linz directly on the Danube .

history

Friedrichstor with the coat of arms stone and the inscription "AEIOU"

The castle was built on the site of the former Lentia Roman fort . The first known mention comes from June 20, 799. Under Emperor Friedrich III. The castle was converted into a palace in 1477, and it served as his residence from 1489 to 1493 . The Friedrichstor, which is still preserved today, dates from this time. His son Maximilian I often stayed in Linz and in the castle. His grandson, who later became Emperor Ferdinand I , had the palace expanded and lavishly furnished for his wife Anna of Bohemia and Hungary after the wedding that was celebrated in Linz . Their children Elisabeth (1526) and Ferdinand II (1529) were born in Linz Castle. After separating from her husband, the Polish King Sigismund II August , their daughter Katharina lived with her servants in Linz Castle from October 1567 until her death in 1572.

Coat of arms with the imperial crown of Rudolf II in the passage of the former chapel wing
Rudolfstor

In 1600, Emperor Rudolf II had the palace demolished and rebuilt according to plans by the Dutch builder Anton de Moys from Antwerp , who had been court architect in Vienna since 1581 . In addition to the mighty four-storey block building with two inner courtyards, the main gate to the city was also built (Rudolfstor, 1604).

Fortification at Linz Castle - pewter figure diorama from the Peuerbach Peasant War Museum

During the Bavarian lien from 1620 to 1628, Adam Graf von Herberstorff resided in the castle as governor. Herberstorff reinforced the fortifications around the castle in view of an impending siege by the farmers. In 1626 there was finally a siege by the rebellious peasants .

During the plague in Vienna, Emperor Ferdinand III stayed. opened with the court in Linz Castle from 1644 to 1646, and during the Second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, Emperor Leopold I resided in Linz Castle.

In 1783 the governor and his offices moved from the castle to the Linz country house .

During the French Wars , the castle served as a hospital. The town fire in 1800 started from here. The south wing and part of the transverse wing were destroyed in this fire. In view of the question of what should be done with the badly damaged building, it was decided to relocate the prison in the abandoned Baumgartenberg monastery here.

In 1811 a modern provincial prison was put into operation, in which the convicts were engaged in the production of cloths, twilies , drillichs and cloths of various kinds. The closure of the Linzer wool factory and resultant discontinuation of operating in criminal House Wollkämmerei and -spinnerei may have contributed to the detention center in 1851 which is also of Joseph II. Repealed Garsten Abbey to lay.

From 1851 to 1945 the castle served as barracks for soldiers. Between 1953 and 1963, the building was expanded and restored to become the Castle Museum of the Upper Austrian State Museums .

Schlossberg

The castle park west of the fortification wall and above the castle is commonly referred to as the castle hill. This is part of the Römerberg , after which the road tunnel from the Sandgasse to the Danube is named, and which runs as a ridge westwards to the Freinberg .

The new Linz music theater should originally have been built into the mountain near the castle on the Danube side. The project was rejected on November 26, 2000 in an Upper Austrian referendum initiated by the FPÖ .

architecture

For rising plateau lock out is a daunting protected suitable bastioning consisting walls submitted and deep trench and turmflankierten curtain walls is. A roundabout protects the first gate, behind it an angled path leads through the ogival Friedrichstor with a coat of arms stone bearing the year 1481 and the well-known inscription AEIOU (the original is in the north wing of the castle museum).

The four-storey block building has two inner courtyards.

The Rudolftor, built in 1604, leads down into the old town of Linz.

South wing

New south wing (Emmerer and Luser, 2008)

In 2006, an architectural competition was held for the new construction of the south wing, which burned down in 1800 (this faces the south-east and represents a rectangular longitudinal side of the castle's floor plan slightly cut off the steep slope of the mountain). Of the 109 projects submitted, that of the Graz architecture office HoG architektur (Martin Emmerer, Clemens Luser and Hansjörg Luser) won. The new south wing, realized as a steel and glass structure, which cost 24 million euros to build, is used for an extension of the castle museum. In the summer of 2006, archaeological excavations took place on the future building site.

After the great fire of August 18, 1800, an area filled with sand and fine rubble except for an escape tunnel was excavated and explored from summer 2006. In the now up to 9 m high hall are the remains of a round tower with a diameter of 9.5 m from the beginning of the 16th century and thus before the new castle was built.

Castle Museum

Hallstatt Hanging Brooch in the Castle Museum

The castle museum was partially opened in 1963, the entire opening took place in 1966. It houses historical and folklore collections. Permanent exhibitions are also historical weapons and historical musical instruments and old coins. In addition, there are always special exhibitions. Open-air events are occasionally held in the castle courtyard.

The new south wing has housed the castle's technical history and natural science collections since July 2009. The "buried room" was on 3./4. November 2011 with the symposium "Giving space to the buried - A memory update" opens and houses the permanent exhibition on the fate of Jews, Sinti and Roma.

literature

  • Justus Schmidt : Cultural history of the Linz castle. In: The Museum in the Linz Castle. Festival catalog, Linz 1963, pp. 19–69, PDF on ZOBODAT
  • Justus Schmidt: On the history of the castle. Linz 1978, pp. 21-26, PDF on ZOBODAT

Web links

Commons : Linzer Schloss  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schmidt 1963, p. 20.
  2. ^ Walter Pillich: Queen Catherine of Poland in Linz. In: Archive of the City of Linz (ed.): Historical Yearbook of the City of Linz 1966. Linz 1967, pp. 169–198, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  3. ↑ Schmidt 1963, p. 47 (in Upper Austria Anton de Moys also built Altpernstein Castle in 1589 and Wels Castle in 1595 ).
  4. ↑ Schmidt 1963, p. 58.
  5. ↑ Schmidt 1963, p. 60.
  6. ↑ Schmidt 1963, p. 64.
  7. ↑ a b c Gustav Brachmann: On the history of the Linz castle. The castle as a prison. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1963. Linz 1964, pp. 155, 158 and 165, entire article pp. 151–170, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  8. ↑ Wojciech Czaja: A spirit of optimism in the cultural capital Der Standard from May 29, 2008.
  9. ↑ Entry on Linz Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  10. ^ Province of Upper Austria: State correspondence of January 12, 2006. New construction of the south wing of the Linz Castle Museum .
  11. ^ Groundbreaking ceremony for the south wing of Linz Castle ORF Upper Austria on July 13, 2007.
  12. ↑ a b Buried , not forgotten bda.at, 2009/2011, accessed September 20, 2016.
  13. ↑ Cover for the Linz09 content Oberösterreichische Nachrichten of December 23, 2008.

Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 18 ″  N , 14 ° 16 ′ 57 ″  E